新概念英語第二冊Lesson-4

1、 Lesson 4An exciting trip postcardkangaroopouchkoala 1.exciting adj.令人興奮的令人興奮的v. excite 激動=adj. excited ,exciting-ed:自己感到；-ing：令人感到如：interesting:令人感到有趣的；interested：感到有意思的, surprised, surprising; amused,amusing eg: The news excited me. The book is interesting. .receive v.接受，收到 accept:同意接收，主觀上樂意receiv

2、e（與have通用）：客觀的收到 receive/have a letter from sbeg: This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy, but I didnt accept it.firm (business /company/corporation/ public company上市公司) 事務(wù)所 an accounting firm會計師事務(wù)所, a law firm律師事務(wù)所different be different from 講座主題： love is quite different from marriage

3、. As long as you stand, the sky is not going to fall down 只要你站著，天就不會塌下來 As long as I am alive, I will take care of you. 只要我活著，我就會照顧你 poison 毒藥 Ones meat is anothers poison一個人喜歡的東西未必是另外一個人喜歡的 Women have different tastes for men 女人看男人的眼光不一樣 poison 在道德上敗壞，毒害 poison our image /reputation毒害形象/名聲 ruin one

4、s image and reputation 毀壞了形象和名聲 Many Japanese cartoons have poisoned the minds of the young people. 很多日本卡通毒害了年輕人的大腦 Some bad guys have poisoned/ruined the image of the whole nation. 一些在海外中國人的表現(xiàn)敗壞了整體的名族形象 difference the difference between A and B tell the difference between right and wrong = tell rig

5、ht from wrong = distinguish between right and wrong=distinguish right from wrong分清是非 distinguished 杰出的,尊敬的， distinguished ladies and gentlemen a distinguished professor 有名望的教授 Our voices are very much alike and even our close friends cant tell the difference. 我們聲音類似，無人能夠辨明差異 The fake LV bag and the

6、real one are very much alike, no one can tell the difference. 正品和冒牌品如此之相似，以至于人們都看不出來有什么不同make a difference 有影響 起重要作用 Give me a chance, I will make a difference 請給我一次機會，我會做得很好 Thank you very much; your help really made a difference. 謝謝你，真是幫了大忙 make no difference 無關(guān)緊要。 center at the city center/ in th

7、e downtown area 市區(qū) shopping center/mall 購物中心 recreation center 娛樂中心 leisure center 休閑中心 we have a lot of recreation and leisure centers in HangZhou. I am going to take you to one of them today. It is famous for its foot massage.abroad go/study/do business abroad去國外，在國外讀書，在國外做生意 abroad VS overseas ov

8、erseas companies/ Chinese/ fast-food restaurant, overseas experts國外專家 international companies 跨國企業(yè)Lesson 4 An exciting trip I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already vi

9、sited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very ex

10、citing. Language points1. I have just received a letter from my brother.收到某人來信2.He is working for a big firm.get a letter from sb.have a letter from sb.hear from sb.在上班、任職,還可以用work at/ine.g.My father works for a business company.3. he has already visited a great number of different places in Austral

11、ia. a number of+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，number前一般可用large, great, small等形容詞強調(diào)數(shù)量大小。Language points4. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs.He has gone to the south.(還在)He has been to the south.(去過)5. He is finding this trip very exciting.find+n+adj.覺得怎么樣e.g.I find the film boring. Do you

12、find the book very interesting?現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時態(tài)時態(tài)WinterWinter has has alreadyalready comecome. .Grammar現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時的構(gòu)成形式時的構(gòu)成形式 have done has助動詞助動詞過去過去分詞分詞Grammar用來表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去用來表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在影響現(xiàn)在還存在。 They have left. -他們已經(jīng)離開了他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里 I have had my lunch. -我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了

13、,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時的含義時的含義也可表示也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。的動作或狀態(tài)。 He has learned English since 2001. -從從2001年開始學(xué)的年開始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢sum up一、現(xiàn)在完成時1)構(gòu)成肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其它否定句：主語+have/has not+過去分詞+其它疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其它He has been to Australia.He has not been to Australia.Has he been to Au

14、stralia?nowpastfuture一般過去一般過去時時一般過去時表示的是純粹在過去發(fā)生的事情一般過去時表示的是純粹在過去發(fā)生的事情現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是在過去某個時間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是在過去某個時間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作在的動作/狀態(tài)狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過去卻對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者發(fā)生在過去卻對現(xiàn)在造成的影響Grammar 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的比較現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的比較 1）一般過去時一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作； 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事

15、情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）I have seen this film. (強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2一般過去時一般過去時常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用;現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊時間狀語連用或無時間狀語。通常與模糊時間狀語連用或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in Octo

16、ber, just now, - 具體的時間狀語具體的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊模糊的時間狀語的時間狀語句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時錯錯Tom has written a letter to his p

17、arents last night.對對Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.Grammar3現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一動詞一般是延續(xù)性的般是延續(xù)性的,如如live,teach,learn,work,study, know. 一般過去時一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。等。She joined the League three years ago.(加入的

18、動作不是延續(xù)的加入的動作不是延續(xù)的)She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago).(在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))Grammar延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷；延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示一段不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。時間的狀語連用。比較延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞比較延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞

19、 He has finished the work.他已完成了那項工作。他已完成了那項工作。 (表結(jié)果表結(jié)果)Ive known him since then.我從那時起就認識他了。我從那時起就認識他了。(表經(jīng)歷表經(jīng)歷)Grammarsince 用來說明動作起始時間用來說明動作起始時間 “自從自從”for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度 “長達長達”I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company sinc

20、e 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比較比較since和和for并非有并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)I have worked here for many years. (現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作?，F(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)GrammarHe has gone to Shanghai.他他(已經(jīng)已經(jīng))去上海了。去上海了。He has been to Sh

21、anghai.他他(曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)) 去過上海。去過上海。比較比較 have/has been to , have/has gone toGrammar1. He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived he

22、re three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The doo

23、r _ _ _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動詞和動詞和瞬間性瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化Exercisesum up2)用法1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與表示時間的副詞連用，如yet, just, before, recently, ever, never等。e.g. We have just won the match. I have never been to Australia before.一、現(xiàn)在完成時sum up2)用法1.表示從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示一段時間的時間狀態(tài)連用，如so far, up till now, since, for a long time, in the past few years, those days等。e.g. So far, he has broken two world records. I