四、六級翻譯

1、四、六級翻譯四、六級翻譯第一步理解句子：應(yīng)通讀并透徹理解原文含義，包括理解出題人想考察的語法或搭配。語法如虛擬語氣、倒裝、不定式、分詞、情態(tài)動詞、各種從句等等;搭配如動賓搭配、介賓搭配等等。第二步翻譯成英文：確定譯文句子的時態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞。第三步檢查：特別是動詞形式方面的檢查，首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯譯和漏譯;其次，檢查是否有語言上的明顯錯誤，如時態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標點符號等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，及時改正。四、六級翻譯核心語法點，四、六級翻譯核心語法點，如虛擬語氣、倒裝句、定語從句、如虛擬語氣、倒裝句、定語從句、狀語從句、主語從句等。狀語從句、主語從句等。(1)

2、 倒裝句型倒裝句型Not only .but alsoSo ( Such )that.Not untilNeither.nor.Hardly .when.No sooner thanOnly by /through /in ., 2010年6月88題：The manager never laughed; neither （她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣）.解析：答案為did she lose her temper，前半句使用一般過去時，后半句也應(yīng)使用一般過去時?！鞍l(fā)脾氣”應(yīng)譯為lose ones temper，neither放在句首引導(dǎo)倒裝句。 2008年6月翻譯真題第91題：_(直到他完成使命)did

3、 he realize that he was seriously ill. (Key：Not until he accomplished / finished the mission )(2)從句從句 a. 定語從句定語從句 2008年12月翻譯真題第87題： Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _(他們至今還沒有答案) (Key :which/that they havent found answers to) b. 狀語從句狀語從句 真題中出現(xiàn)過如if 條件狀語從句(2007 年6月第

4、91題)，no matter引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句(2007年12月第89題和2008年6月第89題) 關(guān)于定語從句，到目前為止所考察的均為關(guān)系代詞which/ that等所引導(dǎo)的，所以需額外留意關(guān)系副詞where/ when/how 所引導(dǎo)的定語從句。對于狀語從句，繼續(xù)復(fù)習如時間狀語從句，方式狀語從句，因果狀語從句等其他類狀語從句。除卻定語從句，狀語從句外，名詞性從句也需加強，如賓語從句(特別注意wish/ would rather 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中虛擬樣式)，表語從句，同位語從句甚至主語從句。(3)非謂語動詞非謂語動詞 a. 分詞做伴隨狀語分詞做伴隨狀語 2008年6月第90題： _(與我成長

5、的地方相比) this town is more prosperous and exciting. (key : Compared with the place where I grew up)注意，答案中除過去分詞(compared with )做伴隨外，還含有where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 b. 動詞不定式做目的狀語動詞不定式做目的狀語 2006年6月第88題_(為了掙錢供我上學(xué))，Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. (Key : to support my university studies ) 由于非謂語動詞除分詞和

6、動詞不定式外，還包括動名詞，但尚未考察過，所以有必要預(yù)備非謂語動詞之“動名詞”情況。(4) 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)：考過六次1）2006年6月91題：Though a skilled worker,（他被公司解雇了）last week because of the economic crisis.解析：答案為he was fired by the company，需要注意的是，本句應(yīng)使用一般過去時。2）2007年12月91題：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life (是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量）, not how much t

7、hey can earn.解析：答案為is measured by how much they can borrow，“用來衡量”應(yīng)譯為is measured by；by后面接how much引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。3）2008年6月87題：Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research （能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開發(fā)） 解析：答案為can be applied to the development of new technology，“應(yīng)用于”應(yīng)譯為be applied to。4）2008年12月91題：The anti-virus agen

8、t was not known （直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了他）. 解析：答案為until it was accidently found by a doctor，本句使用被動語態(tài)更加地道，“偶然”可譯為accidentally或by accident。5）2009年6月91題：The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is （與缺乏鍛煉密切相關(guān)）. 解析：答案為closely related to the lack of exercise，“與密切相關(guān)”應(yīng)譯為be closely related to；“缺乏鍛煉”譯為

9、the lack of exercise。6）2010年6月89題：We look forward to （被邀請出席開幕式）. 解析：答案為being invited to attend the opening ceremony。本句前半句出現(xiàn)了look forward to，此處的to為介詞，后面應(yīng)使用動名詞形式；“被邀請”應(yīng)譯為be invited to；“出席”應(yīng)譯為attend；“開幕式”譯為opening ceremony。(5) 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣：考過五次最?？嫉目键c有兩個：一是require或或suggest等動詞+that引導(dǎo)的建議句型，后面應(yīng)使用should+動詞原形，sh

10、ould可以省略；二是從句使用if引導(dǎo)的過去完成時，主句使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時。1）2006年6月89題：The professor required that（我們交研究報告）by Wednesday.解析：答案為we hand in our research report (s)。前半句使用require+that引導(dǎo)的建議句型，屬于虛擬語氣的一種。后半句應(yīng)使用should+動詞原形，should可以省略?！把芯繄蟾妗笔褂脝螐?fù)數(shù)均可。2）2006年12月89題：The victim （本來有機會活下來）if he had been taken to hospital in time.解

11、析：答案為would have had a chance to survive/of survival。后半句是條件狀語從句，使用了過去完成時，前半句主句應(yīng)使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時?！盎钕聛怼笨勺g為to survive 或of survival作后置定語。3）2009年6月88題：If he had returned an hour earlier, Mary （就不會被大雨淋了）. 解析：答案為wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain。前半句是條件狀語從句，使用了過去完成時，后半句主句應(yīng)使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時?！按笥辍睉?yīng)譯為heavy rai

12、n。采集者退散4）2009年12月87題：You would not have failed if you （按照我的指令去做）.解析：答案為had followed my instructions。前半句主句出現(xiàn)了would+現(xiàn)在完成時，后半句條件狀語從句應(yīng)使用過去完成時。“按照”應(yīng)譯為follow；“指令”譯為instruction。5）2010年6月90題：It is suggested that the air conditioner （要安裝在窗戶旁邊）.解析：答案為(should) be fixed/installed beside the window。前半句使用了it is s

13、uggested that引導(dǎo)的建議句型，屬于特殊虛擬語氣的一種，后半句應(yīng)使用should+動詞原形?！鞍惭b”應(yīng)譯為fix或install；“在窗戶旁邊”譯為beside the window。漢譯英這部分不難，只要把握以下三步就可以： 第一步，第一步，判斷句與句之間的關(guān)系判斷句與句之間的關(guān)系。漢譯英句子之間。漢譯英句子之間一般存在以下五種關(guān)系：一般存在以下五種關(guān)系：第一種關(guān)系是并列并列，顯著詞是“和”，對應(yīng)英文是and, or, as well as etc。第二種關(guān)系是轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折，顯著詞是“然而”，對應(yīng)英文是but, yet, however, while etc。第三種關(guān)系是讓步讓步，顯著

14、詞是“盡管”，對應(yīng)英文是although, though, even though, even if etc。第四種關(guān)系是因果，顯著詞是“因為”“如此-以至于-”， 對應(yīng)英文because, so-that- etc。第五種關(guān)系是目的目的，顯著詞是“為了”，對應(yīng)英文是in order that-第二步，以動詞為切入點，名詞輔之。也就是說，判斷完句與第二步，以動詞為切入點，名詞輔之。也就是說，判斷完句與句之間關(guān)系，下一步要先翻譯句子中的動詞，然后翻譯名詞。句之間關(guān)系，下一步要先翻譯句子中的動詞，然后翻譯名詞。那么一個句子主謂賓也就相對完整了。注意動詞要注意時態(tài)，名詞要注意單復(fù)數(shù)。第三步，補全成分

15、第三步，補全成分定、狀、補。定、狀、補。例如：這位藝術(shù)家聚精會神于聚精會神于（自己的）工作，以至于以至于沒有聽到聽到來訪者進了進了房間。（1）由連接詞“以至于” 判斷前后句子之間屬于因果關(guān)系，對應(yīng)的英語為so -that-（2）動詞為切入點：“聚精會神”、“聽到某人做某事”、“進入”，依次為“be absorbed in sth”、“hear sb do sth”、“enter”；名詞輔之“藝術(shù)家”artist；“工作”work；“來訪者”visitor；“房間”room。（3）補全成分：定于“自己的”his。于是連接成句如下所示： The artist was so absorbed in

16、his work that he didnt hear the visitor enter the room.四級核心詞組四級核心詞組 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something put into use 使用，應(yīng)用 be satisfied with 滿足 be satisfied of 相信 hardlywhen 剛就 come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 avoid doing sth 避免干某事 decline invitation 辭謝邀請 agree onupon 取得一致意見 may(might) as well 還是好

17、 present sbwith sth 送給某人某禮物 argue about 爭論 take (make) a stand for 捍衛(wèi) Take (make) a stand against 反對 come after 跟隨 in support of 支持 lie up 躺著休息 beside the question 離題 refresh ones memory 使人記起 bring to mind 使人想起 compile dictionary 編字典 indifferent to 不在乎 go on strike 罷工 against ones will 違心地 in ones w

18、ill在 遺囑中 of ones free will 出于自愿 with ease 容易，不費力 prepare for 準備 get to 開始；到達 fall off 下降 fall away 背離 televise live 實況轉(zhuǎn)播 by the moment 到時 be of little value 沒什么價值 carry about 隨身攜帶 have intention of 有意，打算 no intention of 無意，不打算 have not the least idea of 不知道 have no desire for 對沒有欲望 have desire to do

19、 sth 想做某事 have sthin stock 有現(xiàn)貨 be particular about 講究 the key to 的答案(線索、辦法) pass through 通過，經(jīng)過 pass for 被認為(當作) cure sbof 治好某人 pull back 撤退 pull round 掉頭，轉(zhuǎn)向；康復(fù) pull along 沿拉 die off 死去，凋謝 drop down 落下 do sthfor a living 靠做某事謀生 make a name of oneself 出名，揚名 glimpse of 瞥見，一瞥 glance at 瞥見，一瞥 be on good

20、terms with sb 與某人友好 be assigned to 被分配給 be bored to death 煩死了 a close(narrow) shave 僥幸的脫險 entitle sb(to do)sth 給予某人(干)某事的權(quán)利 beyond ones power 超出某人的能力 take interest in 對發(fā)生興趣 be answerable for 應(yīng)對 hundreds of 數(shù)以百計的 lack of 缺乏 break into tears (cheers) 突然哭(歡呼)起來 in correspondence with 與聯(lián)系(通信) be advanta

21、geous to 對有利 be beneficial to 對有益 in debt to sb 欠某人的債step into 插入，干涉 adapt for 調(diào)整(以適應(yīng)目標或需要) be it that 即使 assure sbof sth 委托某人某事 put (set) right 使恢復(fù)正常，糾正錯誤 on the way 在途中 off the way 遠離正道 keep on with 堅持 make an attempt 試圖 in the mood for sth 對某事有心境 escape doing sth 躲避干某事 set a limit to 限制 within th

22、e limit of 在范圍內(nèi) so blank (頭腦)變成空白 so dim (大腦)渾沌 so faint 暈過去 be subjected to 遭受 be attached to 附屬于 not on any account 決不 take pains to do sth 費盡苦心做某事 a multitude of 大量(接復(fù)數(shù)名詞) give rise to 導(dǎo)致 give reason to 對進行解釋 call at 訪問 give suspicion to 對懷疑 make provision for 為作準備 be involved in 卷人，陷入 1. (不論演奏過多

23、少回不論演奏過多少回)_，the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.2. When you get men into that state of anger, _ (他們很容易出麻煩他們很容易出麻煩).3. _(盡管我很崇拜他是盡管我很崇拜他是個作家個作家), I dont like him as a man.4. His eyes were reading books_ (腦子卻在胡思亂想腦子卻在胡思亂想).5. Only in this way _ _(我們才能在畢業(yè)之后很快適應(yīng)社會我們才能在畢業(yè)之后很快適應(yīng)社會).6. _

24、 (他真正希望得到的東西他真正希望得到的東西) is encouragement from his parents and teachers.7. It was advised that _ _(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動商店在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動商店). No matter how frequently performed they are apt to make trouble Much as I admire him as a writer while his mind was wandering can we adapt (ourselves) to the society quickly

25、 after we graduate What he really hopes for more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area 8. Why didnt you tell me you could lend me the money? I _(本來不必從銀行借錢的).9. (正是由于她太沒有經(jīng)驗)_ that she does not know how to deal with the situation.10.I (將在做實驗)_ from three to five this afternoon.11. _

26、(不管觀眾中的一些人如何使勁地難為他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.12. It is not yet known _ _(機器人是否有一天能擁有象人一樣的視力).13. His remarks left me _ (想知道他的真實目的).14. If you had_ _(聽從了我的勸告，你就不會陷入麻煩). neednt have borrowed it from the bank It is because she is too inexperienced will be doing/conducting the exper

27、iment However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him whether/if robots will have vision as good as that of human one day wondering about his real purpose followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now. 15. The government was accused _ (沒能實現(xiàn)其改善城沒能實現(xiàn)其改善城市交通狀況的承諾市交通狀況的承諾).16. This sub

28、stance _ (反反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).17. Be quick, _ _ (否則等我們到達教堂時婚禮就結(jié)束了否則等我們到達教堂時婚禮就結(jié)束了).18. The war went on for years, _ _(奪去了成千上萬人的生命奪去了成千上萬人的生命).19. (無論理由是什么無論理由是什么) _，we cannot tolerate this disloyalty.20. The population of elderly people is increasing rapidly because people are living longe

29、r than before_ _ (發(fā)達國家尤為如此發(fā)達國家尤為如此). of failure/failing to fulfill its promise to improve urban traffic conditions reacts three times as fast as the other one or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church killing thousands upon thousands of people Whatever be the reasons for it

30、especially in developed countries 21. _(讓世界發(fā)展如此之快的)is the modern science and technology.22. A student must treasure his time and _ _(吸收盡可能多的知識)to lay a solid foundation for his future career.23. For students eager to be useful to society, _ _ (沒有任何地方的教育比大學(xué)里的更好了) studying there is like bathing yourse

31、lf in the oceans of knowledge.24. As for Williams, _ (他寧愿死也不愿意做這件事).25. Only under special circumstances, _ _(學(xué)生才被準許提前畢業(yè)). What makes the world develop so fast absorb as much knowledge as he can nowhere is education better than in college he would rather die than do such a thing are students permitt

32、ed to graduate in advance26. It has been proved that _ (我們的膚色取決于遺傳).27. A lot of people nowadays have muscular problems in the neck, the shoulders and the back _ _(主要是由于工作中的壓力和緊張造成的).28. More than 3 million children have health insurance now, and _ _(超過 250 萬的家庭已經(jīng)擺脫貧困).29. _ (除主席之外的所有成員都投票贊成我的建議)to

33、set up a branch office in the suburbs.30. The emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing Internet economy are _ _(為中國的國內(nèi)外貿(mào)易提供了新的增長機遇). the color of our skin is due to heredity mainly due to stress and tension in their work more than 2.5million families have gotten rid of povertyAll the members exc

34、ept the Chairman voted for my proposal providing new growth opportunities for Chinas foreign and domestic trade 1. If you want to _ (取得成就或?qū)崿F(xiàn)雄心壯志取得成就或?qū)崿F(xiàn)雄心壯志)，you must work hard，make efforts and get prepared.2. The successful person _ (總是作好充分準備總是作好充分準備)to meet opportunities as they duly arrive.3. (唯一需

35、要做的是唯一需要做的是)_a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.4. No other reproduction in any form is permitted _(未經(jīng)未經(jīng)出版社書面同意出版社書面同意).5. The environmental effect of this new factory _ (完全可以從周圍的田地和河流看出來完全可以從周圍的田地和河流看出來). achieve something or fulfill your ambitions always makes adequate preparations All that is needed is without written permission from the publishing house is most clearly observable in the surrounding field and river6