英語國家概況--EducationalPolicy

1、A guide to English-A guide to English-Speaking CountrySpeaking CountryChapter 5Chapter 5English English Education EducationEnglish English Education EducationEducational PolicyEducational System The government took the responsibility for educationIn response to changes brought about by the Industria

2、l Revolution and social and political movementsReformed as time went by Education was voluntary and many British schools were set up by the church.lA fundamental policy Education is compulsory for all children between the age of 5 and 16lThe Education law was passed and free education was implemente

3、d for all the students Comprehensive schools were introducedend the division grammar schools :successful students were sent to Universityvocational schools :less successful students were sent to learn a trade.The National Curriculum was introduced mathEnglishsciencegeographyhistorytechnologymusicart

4、Physical educationa foreign languageEducation primarysecondaryfurther educationhigher educationChildren:5-1111-16University education:1816-18Educational SystemBasic EducationHigher EducationElementary educationSecondary educationUniversityCollegeState systemIndependent systemFree of chargeThe Nation

5、al curriculum is compulsoryFees are requiredThe National curriculum is optionalState primary school5-11State secondary school11-16Take General Certificate of Secondary EducationTwo years sixth formLeave schoolVocational education(GNVQs)A-levelsuReceive funding through the private sector and tuition

6、fees, with minimal government assistanceuGenerally much better funded to recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities.uThree terms (with holidays at Christmas ,Easter, Summer ) in a school year, so education at independent schools remains a privilege of the wealthyHigher EducationUniver

7、sities & CollegesOld UniversitiesFour Scottish UniversitiesMiddle-aged UniversitiesNew UniversitiesOpen Universities & One Independent University Polytechnics and colleges for special studentsFunding Partially from central government grants ,except Buckingham. Before 1998,students paid no tu

8、ition and could get maintenance grant . In 1998,the Labor Party abolished it and implemented a tuition planIndependent and enjoy complete academic freedom Appointed their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide courses and award degrees Admission is by selection based on A-level result ,s

9、chool references and an interview. Degrees rewarded are often dependent on final exams. Students spend 3 years studying full-time for the first degree, B.A or B.S.(M.A or M.S for one or two years, a doctoral degree requires three or four years)Open Universities For people without any formal educatio

10、nal qualifications to take university level courses and receive a university degree.School cardBasic informationOxford collegesThe Bodleian librariesFour famous museumsFamous alumniSchool sceneVideoSchool mottoSchool motto: : Dominus illuminatio mea Dominus illuminatio mea 信仰與科學信仰與科學School badgeScho

11、ol badgeSchool songSchool song: : for the beauty of the earthfor the beauty of the earth Teaching characteristicTeaching characteristic: : tutorial systemtutorial systemSchool classesSchool classes: :publicpublicBackBacku There are There are 38 colleges38 colleges and and 6 permanent 6 permanent pri

12、vate hallsprivate halls at Oxford. at Oxford. u 30 colleges and 5 halls admit students for 30 colleges and 5 halls admit students for both both graduate and undergraduate degreesgraduate and undergraduate degrees. . uThe Universitys The Universitys oldest collegesoldest colleges are University Colle

13、ge, are University College, Balliol College, and Merton College Balliol College, and Merton College uGreen Templeton College, which came into existence Green Templeton College, which came into existence in October 2008, is the Universitys in October 2008, is the Universitys newest college.newest col

14、lege. uAll Souls is unique among Oxford All Souls is unique among Oxford colleges because it has colleges because it has no junior no junior membersmembers: all are Fellows (except the : all are Fellows (except the Warden).Warden). uSt Catherines College, which takes both undergraduate and St Cather

15、ines College, which takes both undergraduate and graduate students, currently has graduate students, currently has the largest number of studentsthe largest number of students (799) (799) uGreen Templeton, Linacre, Nuffield, Green Templeton, Linacre, Nuffield, St Antonys, St Cross, Kellogg and St An

16、tonys, St Cross, Kellogg and Wolfson Colleges Wolfson Colleges admit only graduate admit only graduate studentsstudents,BackThe Bodleian Libraries form The Bodleian Libraries form the largest the largest university library systemuniversity library system in the United in the United KingdomKingdom .

17、The Bodleian LibraryThe Bodleian Library is the is the UniversitysUniversitys main research library, main research library, dates from 1602 .dates from 1602 .Over 40% of usersOver 40% of users of the Bodleian of the Bodleian Libraries are Libraries are from outsidefrom outside the University. the Un

18、iversity. collections numbercollections number more than 11 million more than 11 million printed items and 50,000 e-journals and printed items and 50,000 e-journals and other materials in different formatsother materials in different formatsBacklThe Ashmolean The Ashmolean Museum(Museum(阿什莫林博阿什莫林博物館

19、物館) :) :established in 1683, is established in 1683, is the oldest museum in the oldest museum in the UKthe UK and one of the and one of the oldest in the worldoldest in the world lThe University Museum of Natural History(The University Museum of Natural History(牛津大學自然史博物牛津大學自然史博物館館) ) houses the Un

20、iversitys collectionshouses the Universitys collections of zoological, entomological, of zoological, entomological, palaeontological and mineral specimenpalaeontological and mineral specimenlThe Pitt Rivers Museum(The Pitt Rivers Museum(皮特利弗斯博物館皮特利弗斯博物館) ) holds one of the worlds finest collections

21、holds one of the worlds finest collections of of anthropologyanthropology and and archaeologyarchaeology lThe Museum of the The Museum of the History of Science(History of Science(科學科學史博物館史博物館): ): housed in housed in the worlds the worlds oldest survivingoldest surviving purpose-purpose-builtbuilt

22、museum building museum building BackClinton ThatcherBlairBaconBackBackCambridge collegesSchool cardBasic informationCambridge schoolsFaculties and DepartmentsAchievementsTeaching MethodsThe 800th anniversaryFamous alumniSchool sceneVideoNextSchool classesSchool classes:publicpublicSchool mottoSchool

23、 motto: Hinc lucem et pocula Hinc lucem et pocula sacra (sacra (此地乃啟蒙之所和此地乃啟蒙之所和智慧之源）智慧之源） School badgeSchool badgeTeaching characteristicTeaching characteristic: small group small groupBack1 1、Located in the city of CambridgeLocated in the city of Cambridge2 2、founded by some scholars who left foun

24、ded by some scholars who left OxfordOxford 3 3、its its 800th anniversary800th anniversary in 2009 in 20094 4、be famous for outstanding be famous for outstanding academicacademic achievementachievement, the intellectual , the intellectual achievementachievementOf its studentsOf its students, and the

25、world-class original, and the world-class original researchresearch5 5、has has more Nobel Prize winnersmore Nobel Prize winners than any than any other institution in Britainother institution in BritainBackl There are There are 31 colleges31 colleges ；3 are for women and 2 3 are for women and 2 admi

26、t only graduates admit only graduates l ConsistsConsists of over 100 of over 100 departments, research departments, research centers, plus a centeral centers, plus a centeral administrationadministrationlEach College has its Each College has its own internal proceduresown internal procedures. . They

27、 select their own students, subject to They select their own students, subject to University regulationsUniversity regulationsBack Six SchoolsThere is a council of each schoolBackFunctions:organize teachingresearch into individual subjects & groups of subjectssub-divisions called Departments.Bac

28、kMore Nobel Prize winnersExtensive resourcesLearning opportunities offeredBackuLecturesLecturesuSeminarsSeminarsuPractical classes led by world expertsPractical classes led by world expertsuMore personalized teaching More personalized teaching uTo interact with scholars at all levelsTo interact with

29、 scholars at all levelsBackBackBackStephen HawkingStephen HawkingXu ZhimoXu ZhimoNewton DarwinMiltonBackBasic information3 famous colleges of the University of Londonwas first comprised of just was first comprised of just 2 colleges2 colleges (UCL&KCL), but (UCL&KCL), but now has over 15 now

30、 has over 15 A A federation federation of colleges; one of the worlds of colleges; one of the worlds largest universitieslargest universities Its colleges are treated as individual Its colleges are treated as individual universities and have universities and have the same statusthe same status as as Oxford and CambridgeOxford and CambridgeFounded Founded in 1836in 1836BackKings College London (KCL)Kings College London (KCL)The School of Oriental and African Studies The School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)(SOAS)The London School of Economics and Political