高中英語語法動詞不定式

1、Grammar一一 動詞不定式動詞不定式 動詞不定式由動詞不定式由“to+ +動詞原形動詞原形”構成，構成，可以在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定可以在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補足語等語、狀語、補足語等, ,但但不能作謂語不能作謂語。動詞不定式動詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.

2、I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語主語 賓語賓語表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補賓補作主語作主語To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.當今掌握一門外語真的很重要。當今掌握一門外語真的很重要。2. 放棄吸煙是對的。放棄吸煙是對的。作賓語作賓語Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.He

3、 promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。2. 他答應不告述任何人這事。他答應不告述任何人這事。afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, guarantee, hate, help, hope, hurry, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, pla

4、n, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish The following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive. Remember! The following verbs are normally followed by v-ing. avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, p

5、ardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, cant helpRemember them!作表語作表語My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作是教英語。我的工作是教英語。2. 眼見為實。眼見為實。作定語作定語Do you have anything to say?1. 你有什么要說的嗎你有什么要說的嗎?2. Betty是第一個知道這真相的人是第一個知道這真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truthIt seems that he has n

6、o pen _ . A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with 注意如果作定語的不定式是不及物動詞，如果作定語的不定式是不及物動詞，其后應加上必要的介詞其后應加上必要的介詞Eg. He is a pleasant person to work with.不定式作定語，往往表示將要發(fā)生的動作不定式作定語，往往表示將要發(fā)生的動作。I have a lot of work to do.The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.注意作狀語作狀語He spoke loudly (

7、so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的狀語目的狀語.原因狀語原因狀語.結果狀語結果狀語目的狀語目的狀語: 常用的結構常用的結構to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc.I come here to say good-bye to you.結果狀語結果狀語: 常與常與only , enough 或或too連用。連用。He studied h

8、ard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.原因狀語原因狀語: 一般用在句尾一般用在句尾Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.作賓補作賓補She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在這兒。她叫我呆在這兒。2.請允許我介紹請允許我介紹Mr. White給你們。給你們。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.1) 帶帶to的不定式作的不定式作賓補賓補。很多動詞如。很多動詞如: allow, or

9、der, force, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等等后面作后面作賓補賓補的不定式的不定式都帶都帶to。 如如: He didnt allow us to smoke in his house.他不允許我們在他的家里吸煙。他不允許我們在他的家里吸煙。2) 不帶不帶to的不定式的不定式作賓補作賓補。使役動詞。使役動詞make, have, let;感官動詞感官動詞see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面等后面作賓補的不定作賓補的不定式不帶式不帶to。如如:

10、He made a face and made everybody laugh. 他做了一個鬼臉他做了一個鬼臉, 逗得大家都笑了。逗得大家都笑了。 如果上述結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)如果上述結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài), ,不定不定式就由原來的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語式就由原來的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語, ,此時第此時第2 2類動詞類動詞( (let, , have無被動語態(tài)無被動語態(tài)) )后后原來不帶原來不帶toto的不定式要加的不定式要加to。如如:I saw him go upstairs. He was seen to go upstairs. 有人看見他上樓去了。有人看見他上樓去了。Be careful!

11、注意注意 :動詞不定式的時態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài)1. He seems to know this.2. I hope to see you next week. 一般式一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）表示的動作（狀態(tài)）與句子謂語的動作與句子謂語的動作同時（或幾乎同時）同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。.進行式進行式( to be doing)1.He pretended to be working when I came in.2. He seems to be thinking deeply,without noticing me

12、passing him.表示謂語表示的動作表示謂語表示的動作（情況）發(fā)生時，不（情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正定式所表示的動作正在進行。在進行。動詞不定式的時態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài).完成式（完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.不定式的動作不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語表發(fā)生在謂語表示的動作之前。示的動作之前。動詞不定式的語態(tài)動詞不定式的語態(tài).主動式主動式( to d

13、o / to be doing /to have done)1. We want to learn English well.2.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. to have studied B.to study C. made D. to make當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時動作的執(zhí)行者時.動詞不定式的語態(tài)動詞不定式的語態(tài).被動式被動式( to be done / to have been done)1. He didnt lik

14、e to be laughed at.2. He claimed _in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. being badly treated B.treating badlyA.C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時的動作的承受者時.注意注意 A. 動詞不定式的否定式只須在動詞不定式的否定式只須在to 前加前加 not.My father decided not t

15、o take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.否定副詞否定副詞not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于等要置于to前前My mother told me never to do it again.注意注意B. 動詞不定式之后可加動詞不定式之后可加疑問詞，疑問詞，通常做主語，賓語通常做主語，賓語。Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?注意注意C. 作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復時

16、，作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復時，動詞不定式常常省去動詞不定式常常省去to 后面后面的動詞，的動詞，只只保留保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。1. The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. tu

17、rning it off B. turn it off C.having turned it off D. to turn it off2. She cant help _the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned練習練習3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak4. Mary is always the firs

18、t student to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? -_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting6.Would you be so kind as us out? -With pleasure. A.

19、helping B. in helping C. help D. to help7 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating8. We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned out yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He al

20、ways works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule.A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking 11. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying D t

21、o have been studying高考鏈接高考鏈接1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008(2008全國全國I I卷卷) ) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathedB 2. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京卷北京卷) A. t

22、o find B. find C. to finding D. finding3. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京卷北京卷) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomedA C 4. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (2008湖南卷湖南卷) A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete5. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008上海卷上海卷) A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doingD A 6. When