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1、高中英語被動語態(tài)總結(jié)一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式,被動語態(tài)由be+過去分詞構(gòu)成,be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例,各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為:1)am/is/are+done(過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時2)has/havebeendone現(xiàn)在完成時3)am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進行時4)was/weredone般過去時5)hadbeendone過去完成時6)was/werebeingdone過去進行時7)shall/willbedone般將來時8)should/wouldbedone過去將來時9)shall/willhavebeen

2、done將來完成時(少用)10)should/wouldhavebeendone過去將來完成時(少用)2. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為:情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)有些動詞可以有兩個賓語,在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時,可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3

3、)當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,其余不動。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4)在使役動詞have,make,get以及感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時,在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding

4、.5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組,如“動詞+介詞”,“動詞+副詞”等,也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu),但要把它們看作一個整體,不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài))。例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二、如何使用被動語態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)時,不僅要知道被動語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu),還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。1. 講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者(這時可省by短語)。例Mybikewasst

5、olenlastnight.2. 借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer3. 為了更好地安排句子。例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.(一個主語就夠了)三、Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或"相信”的動詞女口believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型"It+be+過去分詞+tha

6、t從句”或"主語+be+過去分詞+todosth.”。有:Itissaidthat據(jù)說,Itisreportedthat據(jù)報道,Itisbelievedthat大家相信,Itishopedthat大家希望,Itiswellknownthat眾所周知,Itisthoughtthat大家認為,Itissuggestedthat據(jù)建議。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1. 英語中有很多動詞女口break,catch,

7、clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時,常用其主動形式表達被動意義,主語通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意:主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征,而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較:Thedoorwon'tlock.(指門本身有毛?。㏕hedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不會有人來鎖門,指"門沒有鎖”是人的原因)2. 表示"發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語,如:happen,last,takeplace,breakout,com

8、eout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動形式表示被動意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報紙是如何引出來的呢?3. 系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。1. 在need,want,require,bear等詞的后面,動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動詞

9、不定式的被動形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).這房子需要修理。2. 形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義,但不能跟動詞不定式;而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.(=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.)3. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語,不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時,又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.(todo與thin

10、gs是動賓關(guān)系,與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較:I'llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)4. 在某些“形容詞+不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中,句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時,這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworko

11、ut省略了forme).5. 在tooto結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式前面可加邏輯主語,所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.6. 在therebe句型中,當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時,不定式用主動式作定語,重點在人,用被動形式作定語,重點在物。例Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).(用tolose可看成forustolose;用tobelost,誰losttime不明確。)7. 在betodo結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動,被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動

12、形式表示被動意義。例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?六、介詞in,on,under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用,含被動之義,其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式,名詞前一般不用冠詞。1. “under+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事在進行中”常見的有:undercontrol(受控制),undertreatment(在治療中),underrepair(在修理中),underdiscussion(在討論中),underconstruction(在施工中)。例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbei

13、ngconstructed).2. “beyond+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu),出乎勝過、范圍、限度”常見的有:beyondbelief(令人難以置信),beyondone'sreach(鞭長莫及),beyondone'scontrol(無法控制),beyondourhope.我們的成功始料不及。例Therumourisbeyondbelief(=can'tbebelieved).3. “above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示"品質(zhì)、行為、能力等)超過、高于”例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise.=Hishonestcharactercann

14、otbepraisedenough.4. “for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示適于、為著”如:forsale(出售),forrent(出租)等。例Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).5. “in+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu),表示在過程中或范圍內(nèi)"常見的有:inprint(在印刷中),insight(在視野范圍內(nèi)),等。例Thebookisnotyetinprint.(=isnotyetprinted)6. “on+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu),表示在從事中”常見的有:onsale(出售),onshow(展出),ontrial(受審)。例Todaysometre

15、asuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).7. “outof+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu);表示超出之外“常見的有:outofcontrol(控制不了),outofsight(超出視線之外),outofone'srdO(不著),outoffashion(不流行)等。例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can'tbecontrolled)。8. "within+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu),在內(nèi)、不超過”例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission七、被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)

16、別當(dāng)“be+過去分詞”作被動語態(tài)時表示主語承受的動作;作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)時,be后面的過去分詞是表語,相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下:1如果強調(diào)動作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動作的執(zhí)行者,該句一般為被動語態(tài),否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例Theglassisbroken.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.(被動語態(tài))2.如果句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時,一般為被動語態(tài)。例Thedoorislocked.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked.(被動語態(tài))3.被動語態(tài)除用于一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)外,還可以用于其他各種時態(tài),而系表結(jié)

17、構(gòu)中的系動詞be只有一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)。例Themachineisbeingrepaired.八、被動語態(tài)與高考試題賞析1.高考對謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查例析1) .Insomepartsoftheworld,teawithmilkandsugar.(NMET1993)A. isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served解析B因為serve是及物動詞,其動作承受者tea作主語,表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況,故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。2) .ThisisTed'sphone.Wemisshimalot.Hetryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(NM

18、ET2002)A. killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling解析CTed是kill的承受者,用被動語態(tài),且Ted救人發(fā)生在過去,所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。3) .Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?-Notyet,therooms.(NMET1991)A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting解析A“house和“paint應(yīng)該是被動的關(guān)系,排除B,D。后者未搬進新居的原因是房子正在油漆,所以要用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時表示習(xí)慣性動作,排除C。

19、4) .Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholidayyet.(上海春2003)A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided解析Ddecide是及物動詞,動作的發(fā)出者通常是人,句中的主語是動作的承受者,所以decide要用被動語態(tài)。從題干的語境和關(guān)鍵詞yet,可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時,不定式做主語用單數(shù),故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。5) .Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetic

20、kets_.(上海春2001)A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbookedC.werebookedD.havebeenbooked解析B句中tickets是book(訂票)的承受者,主謂為被動關(guān)系,又因票已被訂出應(yīng)發(fā)生在enteredtheoffice這個過去動作之前,所以要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。2. 高考對非謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查當(dāng)非謂語動詞的邏輯主語為動作的承受者時,須用被動式。弄清非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語動詞語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。1).Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainswhet

21、hertheywillenjoyit.(NMET2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen解析B根據(jù)題意,那對老夫婦是否到國外旅行是將來的動作,應(yīng)使用不定式,故排除掉C、D兩項;又因remains的邏輯主語it是動詞see說表示動作的承受者,即到國外旅行”這件事,這件事有待于被決定”應(yīng)使用動詞不定式的被動形式。2).Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelpintobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.(上海1996)A.topersuadedB.persuadingC.beingp

22、ersuadedD.bepersuaded解析Ccan'thelpdoing禁不住做某事”排除A和D;顧客應(yīng)是被勸說"購物的,要用動名詞的被動語態(tài)。3).Ifeelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledchild.(上海2002)A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame解析Afeel的賓語從句為強調(diào)句型,在betodo結(jié)構(gòu)中,在某些場合可用不定式的主動語態(tài)表示被動語態(tài),如toblame,tolet等。【強化訓(xùn)練】1.IfcitynoisesfromincreasingA.arenotk

23、ept;willhavetoC.donotkeep;willhaveto,peopleshouttobeheardevenatdinnerB. arenotkept;haveD.donotkeep;haveto2. Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligenee,areandperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC. arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3. -thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.C.rmtoldD.Itold-Ye

24、s,italldependsontheweatherA.rvebeentoldB.vetold4. Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5. Rainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6. Thenewsuspensionbridgebytheendofl

25、astmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7. Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken8. Greatchangesinthecity,andalotoffactories.A. havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB. havetakenplace;havebeensetupC. havetakenplace;ha

26、vesetupD. weretakenplace;weresetup9. Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10. -Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-What'stheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11. -Doyoulikethematerial?-Yes,itverysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfel

27、t12. ItisdifficultforaforeignerChinese.A.writeB.towriteC.tobewrittenD.written13. Ihavenomoreletters,thankyou.A.totypeB.typingC.tobetypedD.typed14. Takecare!Don'tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.twashingoutA.won'twashoutB.won'tbewashedoutC.isn'twashedoutD.isn15. Nobodynoticedthethie

28、fslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedtoA.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout16. ThecomputersonthetableProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17. -Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.It'sworthasecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18. Thesquirrelwasluckythatit

29、justmissed.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19. Thispageneededagain.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20. manytimes,theboystilldidn'tknowhowtodotheexercisesA.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.Teachingkey1-5ACADC6-10BCBDA11-15CBCAD16-20DCCDB被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)題1.Ourhouse,A.isgett

30、ingpaintB.isgettingpaintedC.isgotpaintedD.hasgottopaint2. HearrivedinBeijing,wherehehisfriend.A.wasmetbyB.wasmetC.wasmeetingD.metby3. Thewarin1937A.wasbrokenoutB.hadbeenbrokenoutC.hasbrokenoutD.brokeout4. Themistakesintheexerciseswilltheteacher.A.crossB.becrossingC.becrossedbyD.crossby5. Mybrotheran

31、dIhaveherbirthdayparty.A.beeninvitedB.beeninvitedforC.invitedtoD.beeninvitedto6tthiswayA.ishadtodoB.ishadtobedoneC.hadtobedoneD.hastodo7tthisway.AusedtodoB.usedtobedoneC.isusedtodoD.isusedtodoing8. Chaplin.A.Thechild'snamewascalledB.Thechild'snamecallsC.ThechildcallsD.Thechildisnamed9. Thesp

32、ortsmeeting.A.isputoffB.istoputoffC.istobeputoffD.putsoff10. MaryrealizedsheA.wasmakingfunofB.wasmadefunC.wasbeingmadefunofD.wasbeingmadefun11. tosayathinginthatwayA.ItisconsiderswrongB.ItisconsideredwrongC.Itisconsideredit'swrongD.Itisconsiedringwrong12. Heorderedthatthebooksatonce.A.wouldbepri

33、ntedB.wouldprintC.beprintedD.print13. ThestoryinChinA.A.wastakenplaceB.washappenedC.tookplaceD.hasbeentakenplace14. ThehousemyparentsA.isbelongtoB.belongtoC.belongstoD.isbelongedto15. Hebyhisteacher.A.happenedtoseeB.washappenedtoseeC.happenedtobeseenD.washappenedtobeseen16. Greatchangesinourprovince

34、.Manytallbuildings.A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetupB.havetakenplace,havebeensetupC.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetupD.weretakenplace,weresetup17. Thehall'sbutit'snotyetwithlamps.A.furnished,finishedB.beenfinished,beenfurnishedC.beingfinished,beingfurnishedD.setup,full18. Thenewhallisthetall

35、estbuildinginthistown.fromhere?A.CanitseeB.CanitbeseenC.CanitseenD.Cansee19. Assoonaswegottotheairport,wefoundthattheplane.A.hadalreadytakenoffB.alreadytookoffC.wasalreadytakingoffD.wasalreadytakenoff20. Someofthehotelsinmyhometown.A.havenowbeenrebuildingB.arenowrebuildingC.arenowbeingrebuiltD.arere

36、builtnow21. Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing,peopleshouttobeheardevenatdinner.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;haveC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto22. Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligenee,areandperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped23

37、. -thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'mtoldD.Itold24. Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted25. Rainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.

38、arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut26. Thenewsuspensionbridgebytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned27. Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken28. Greatchangesinthecity,andalotoffactories.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

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