導(dǎo)學(xué)教程屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法考點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)通（四）動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞短語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣課件

1、專題四動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語、情態(tài)專題四動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣一、動(dòng)詞.動(dòng)詞的分類(根據(jù)動(dòng)詞在句子中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為四大類)動(dòng)詞行為(實(shí)義)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)能否接賓語及物動(dòng)詞(帶賓語)tell，ask，learn，produce，develop等不及物動(dòng)詞(不帶賓語)go，work，come，rise，wait等根據(jù)詞匯意義狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞belong，exist，love，like，prefer等動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞work，sleep等非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞arrive，open等動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞表示人或事物的特征或狀態(tài)be，appear，feel，look，seem，smell，sound，tast

2、e等表示狀態(tài)的變化become，fall，go，get，grow，turn等表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)keep，remain等助動(dòng)詞必須與動(dòng)詞原形或分詞構(gòu)成謂語，不能獨(dú)立作謂語be，do，have，shall，will，should，would等動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用can，could，must，may，might，ought to可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作助動(dòng)詞shall，should，will，would可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作行為動(dòng)詞need，dare半情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had better，have to.助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞功能熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背do/does/did構(gòu)成疑問句、否定句和強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語單句填空：Where_y

3、ou have your breakfast today?He_(的確) work as a teacher.He_(praise) for what he had done.The guests all_(leave) when he got to the party.We_(graduate) in three months.be(am/is/are/was/were)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)have/has/had構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)will/shall/would構(gòu)成將來時(shí)diddoeswas praisedhad leftwill graduate.易混動(dòng)詞歸納對(duì)比(1)lay(

4、放)，lie(躺)與lie(說謊)：這三個(gè)易混動(dòng)詞區(qū)分如下：語法填空：He_(lay) the table for supper when I went to see him.中文原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞說明放laylaidlaidlaying及物動(dòng)詞躺lielaylainlying不及物動(dòng)詞說謊lieliedliedlying不及物動(dòng)詞was laying/had laid You_(lie)on the bed for almost a whole dayget up and do something.Dont believe her; she is_(lie)(2)rise和raise

5、：rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過去式是rose，過去分詞是risen，而raise是及物動(dòng)詞，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。 He_to his feet and_his hands to greet me warmly.have lain lying rose raised (3)hear與listen to：hear側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到，聽見什么，而listen to是側(cè)重于聽的傾向，但hear用于無意中的聽見，而listen to卻用于集中注意力的聽。 I was attentively_what they were talking about, but_nothing.(4)see，watch和look: see強(qiáng)

6、調(diào)看的結(jié)果；watch則用作看電視、比賽，還有在旁觀看之意；look一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。 I was_Im a Singer on TV when I heard a k n o c k a t t h e d o o r, a n d I o p e n e d t h e d o o r and_but_no one.listening to heard watching looked saw (5)wind和wound：wind意為“蜿蜒而行”，其過去式與過去分詞都是wound，而動(dòng)詞原形wound意為“傷害”，其過去式、過去分詞都是wounded。 We_our way th

7、rough the valleys, during which, some got_in the feet by thorny bushes.(6)hang的用法：hang有兩個(gè)意思：一為“懸掛”，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過去式、過去分詞都是hung；二為“絞刑”，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。 Many of his finest pictures_in the National Gallery.Sadam was_on March, 20, 2007.wound wounded hang/are hung hanged (7)sit與seat：seat為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)作“容納”講，se

8、at如果表示就座時(shí)要用be seated或用seat oneself；sit只表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，為不及物動(dòng)詞。 Katherine was found_in the concert hall which_400 people.(8)borrow，lend與keep：“借入”用borrow，“借出”用lend，但這兩個(gè)詞都是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(瞬間動(dòng)詞)，不能用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)作，所以能借多久應(yīng)用keep。 From her mother, Betty_the necklace, which her mother_for twenty years, and_it to her friend.seated/sit

9、ting seated borrowed had kept lent (9)win與beat：win作“勝、贏”講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race，a bet等，但不能接人，而beat是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“擊敗、勝過”，直接接人、隊(duì)。 Our school team_the first two rounds of the match but was_by Xin Hua School in the final.won beaten (10)steal與rob：steal意為“偷”；rob意為“搶”，其用法不同。ste

10、al其后接物from某人/某地，而rob其后接人of搶的物品。 What a terrible day! the old lady was_of her handbag on the way home and on arriving home, she found her house broken into and a lot of possessions_.(11)fit與suit：fit用于尺寸、大小的合適，而suit則多用于顏色式樣的合適。 Though the new dress_her very much in size it doesnt_her in colour.robbed

11、stolen fits suit (12)bring, take與fetch：“拿來、帶來”是bring，“拿去、帶走”是take，而“去取回來”是fetch。 Please_the bag of trash to the garbage can.Spring_warm weather and flowers.Could you run and_a doctor for me？(13)cost，spend和take：cost作“花費(fèi)”講，主語不能是人，spend的主語不能是物，而take作“花費(fèi)”講時(shí)，可用人也可用物作主語，更多的用法是用形式主語it。The apartment_me all

12、my savings, some of which I should have_buying a car, and it would_me a long time to save enough for that. take brings fetch cost spent take (14)have on，wear，put on與dress：have on與wear作穿著狀態(tài)講；但have on不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而wear則常要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。put on是動(dòng)作，但dress既可用作狀態(tài)，又可用作穿衣的動(dòng)作，但用作狀態(tài)時(shí)要用be dressed in；作動(dòng)作講時(shí)，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物

13、的名詞。 _in black, I felt embarrassed at the party, where others were_colourful dresses._quickly and dont forget to_your socks.She_a bright silk dress at the gathering.Dressed wearing Dress put on had on/wore (15)begin與start：begin與start 均可作開始講，并無多少區(qū)別，同樣可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞。但在下面的場合多要用start：機(jī)器的開動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)；旅途的開始。 After the

14、 tea break, we_to work, first having the machine_.(16)find與found：find“找到”的過去式和過去分詞都是found，而found是動(dòng)詞“建立”的原形，其過去式和過去分詞都是founded。 After two hours, he_himself in front of the university_in 1930s.began/started started found founded (17)advise(v.)，advice(n.)；accept(v.)，except(prep.)；pass(v.)，past(prep.)；b

15、athe(v.)，bath(n.)；breathe(v.)，breath(n.)；choose(v.)，choice(n.)；succeed(v.)，success(n.) My class asked me for some_on learning English and I often_them to practice more speaking.Its so airless in hereIm almost out of_；lets go out to_in some fresh air.adviceadvisedbreathbreathe(18)ring“搖鈴，打鈴，電話鈴響”；str

16、ike專指“敲鐘，打幾點(diǎn)，撞擊”。 T h e c l o c k w a s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 w h e n m y phone_； it was from my son.(19)discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，指找到早已存在但未被人所了解的東西；invent“發(fā)明”，指研制出不存在的東西。 While the chemist tried to_a new drug, he_this antiinfection bacteria.striking rang invent discovered (20)stay“停留，逗留”； remain“遺物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分”

17、。 During the camping, some of us went to_in the local villagers homes while others_in the camp.(21)look指由視覺得出的印象，seem暗示有一定根據(jù)的判定，appear指外表印象而實(shí)際或結(jié)果并非如此。 It_to me that he isnt the right person for the job.Things arent always what they_to be.The twins_just like their mother.stay remained seems appear lo

18、ok (22)suggest提出實(shí)驗(yàn)性或推測(cè)性的建議，advise表示對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足人的一種忠告。 Liz_I try the shop on Mill Road.She_us when to come.suggestedadvised二、動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞短語是指動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動(dòng)詞短語的測(cè)試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含義上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。.動(dòng)詞短語的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞副詞(不及物)turn up 出現(xiàn)；調(diào)大； come up 出現(xiàn)；go off 爆炸， 消失， 響起動(dòng)詞副詞(及物)turn off 關(guān)閉；take up從事；占據(jù)；pick up撿起；恢復(fù)動(dòng)詞介詞(

19、及物)look for 尋找； care for喜歡；照料； get through 通過；完成動(dòng)詞副詞介詞look forward to 盼望； catch up with 趕上； come down with感染be形容詞介詞be proud of 以自豪；take interest in 對(duì)感興趣復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)make up ones mind決心； wind ones way蜿蜒前進(jìn)同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)look after照料；look at看；look for尋找同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí)ring back回電話；ring off掛斷電話；ring up打電話不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞搭配時(shí)lo

20、ok for尋找；ask for請(qǐng)求；wait for等候不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)carry out進(jìn)行，開展；go out熄滅；hand out分發(fā)；let out放出；look out當(dāng)心；sell out賣完；set out出發(fā)；work out算出.動(dòng)詞搭配(1)add to增加，增進(jìn)add.to把加進(jìn)add up相加add up to總計(jì)，合計(jì)(2)break away from打破，脫離，掙脫，改掉break down出毛病，身體(精神)衰弱，分解，拆開break off暫停，中斷break in強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入，插話break into闖入break into pieces成為碎片bre

21、ak out爆發(fā)break up搗碎，驅(qū)散，瓦解，結(jié)束break through突破(3)bring up撫養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出bring about造成bring out使某物出現(xiàn)，出版bring in引入，引進(jìn)，賺得bring back使回想起bring down使下降，使倒下(4)call on號(hào)召，要求call for要求，需要call up打電話給，征召入伍call in召來，打電話來(工作單位等)call off取消，不舉行(5)come about發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)come down下跌，落下，下降come in進(jìn)來come on改善，快點(diǎn)come out出版，結(jié)果是come along一道來

22、，進(jìn)展come to達(dá)到come over走過來come up被提出，走近c(diǎn)ome across偶然碰到come back回來come from來自，源自(6)cut across抄近路cut down砍倒，削減cut off切斷，割掉，使與外界隔絕cut up切碎cut through開辟cut out刪(省)掉cut in插嘴(7)die of (disease/hunger)死于(疾病、饑餓)die from死于(意外事故)die away漸漸消逝die out絕種，滅絕die down(爐火)漸熄(8)fall behind落后fall over ones feet 跌跤fall do

23、wn掉下，跌倒fall back撤退，后退 fall asleep入睡fall in love with愛上，迷上(9)go in for從事，喜愛，參加go through通過，經(jīng)受go over復(fù)習(xí)，檢查go up(價(jià)格)上漲go after追捕，追趕go against違反go ahead先行，開始吧，問吧，說吧go away離開go by時(shí)間過去go down下沉，降低，(日、月)落下go on(with)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行g(shù)o with相配go without沒有也行g(shù)o out外出，熄滅go off爆炸，變壞，斷電go back on違背，食言go beyond超出(10)get down記

24、下，使沮喪get down to開始做某事get on進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步，上車get off脫下，下車get in收集，插(話)get away 逃跑，逃脫，休假get over克服，從疾病中恢復(fù)get along with進(jìn)展，相處get up起床get through打通電話，用完，耗盡get close to sth.接近get back取回，收回(11)give away贈(zèng)送，泄露，出賣give out發(fā)出，用完，分發(fā)，公布give off發(fā)出(光、熱、氣體)give in (to sb.) 屈服give up放棄，讓(座位)(12)hand in交上，提交hand out分發(fā)hand dow

25、n公布，傳給(后代)(13)hang about閑逛hang up掛電話hang on堅(jiān)持下去；不掛斷；握住不放(14)hold back阻止，隱瞞hold up舉起，阻礙hold on別掛電話，等，堅(jiān)持hold out持續(xù)，堅(jiān)持，伸出(15)keep up (courage，English，spirits)保持keep up with跟上keep off (grass)不接近，離開keep away from避開，不接近，離遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的keep to 堅(jiān)持，遵守keep on繼續(xù)keep back阻止，隱瞞keep from克制，阻止(16)knock at/on敲knock into撞到某人身上

26、knock down撞倒knock out of把敲出knock over撞倒knock off停止工作，降價(jià)(17)look up查找，向上看look through翻閱，瀏覽look on旁觀look on.as把看作look into調(diào)查look after/at/for 照顧/看/尋找look out(for)當(dāng)心look about/around/round四下查看look down upon瞧不起look back (upon)回憶，回顧look sb.up and down仔細(xì)打量某人look over檢查，查看(18)make up編造，化妝，組成make up for彌補(bǔ)ma

27、ke into/of/from 制成make out應(yīng)付，看清，開具，理解make for向移動(dòng)；促使(19)pay back還錢，報(bào)復(fù)pay for付錢，為受到懲罰，因得到報(bào)應(yīng)pay off還清，付清(20)pick up拾起，獲得(information)，接人，收聽，自然習(xí)得(language/knowledge)，恢復(fù)重獲(pick up health)pick out挑選，辨認(rèn)，看出(21)put up搭起，張貼，舉起，安裝，投宿put up with忍受put out伸出，撲滅put off推遲put into放進(jìn)，翻譯put away放好，存錢put down記下，平息put o

28、n穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed)put forward 提出，提前put aside放到一邊put back放回(22)run across偶然碰到run after追逐，追捕run away逃跑run for競選run into偶然碰到(困難)、遇見(人)，相撞run out of用完(23)see off送行see through看透，識(shí)破see to照料，照管(24)send for派人去請(qǐng)send off送行send out發(fā)出(光亮)等send up發(fā)射(25)set up建立set off爆炸，引起set out動(dòng)身，著手(to do)，陳述set ab

29、out開始著手(doing)set back使推遲(26)take off脫掉，起飛take on呈現(xiàn)，雇用take away拿走take in吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)take up從事，占用(時(shí)間、空間)take down記錄，取下take back收回take over接管take charge of負(fù)責(zé)take sth.for granted想當(dāng)然take pride in以為自豪take the place of 代替take turns to do輪流做take office就職(27)think of想起think of.as把看作think out想出think up想出think about

30、考慮think over仔細(xì)考慮think well of sb.對(duì)某人看法好(28)turn off/on 關(guān)上/打開turn over翻身，認(rèn)真思考，翻轉(zhuǎn)turn out證明是，結(jié)果是turn to轉(zhuǎn)向，求助turn down調(diào)低，拒絕turn against變得敵視turn back 原路返回，往回走turn round轉(zhuǎn)過身來turn up 露面，出現(xiàn)，音量調(diào)大turn in上繳turn upside down使倒置，弄得亂七八糟三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(1)can/could能力(體力，智力，技能)He_speak five foreign lang

31、uages when he was young.You_take two books home with you._the news be true?允許或許可(口語中常用)可能性(表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問句中)could can Can/Could 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(2)may/might可以(問句中表示請(qǐng)求)_I ask you a question?She_come to the party, but Im ot sure._all your dreams come true!可能，或許(表推測(cè))祝愿(用于倒裝句中)(3)must必須，應(yīng)該(表主觀要求)Must I come

32、 too？Yes, you_.No, you_.He_be in，for the light is on.肯定，想必(肯定句中表推測(cè))May/Can may/might May must neednt must 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(4)have to只好，不得不(客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱變化)Ill_be back before ten oclock.(5)ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)(表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語中多用should)You ought _(take) careof your parents.(6)shall用于一、三人稱表示征求對(duì)方意見_he have a try?Dont worry

33、；you_get your car on Saturday.用于二、三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅、規(guī)定等have to to take Shall shall 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(7)should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該(表義務(wù)責(zé)任)You_be more patient in future.The roads_be less crowded todayit is raining.想必；應(yīng)該(表示推測(cè))(8)will意愿，決心Do what you_and leave others for someone else.She_read books whenever I see her.傾向性，習(xí)

34、慣性shouldshouldwillwill情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(9)would愿意She said she_take care of the child.When I was a child, I_go swimming in summer.過去的習(xí)慣(10)dare敢(常用于否定句和疑問句中)How_(敢)you talk like that?wouldwoulddare情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(11)need需要，必須(常用于否定句和疑問句中)Need I help you with your cooking?Yes, you_.No, you_.(12)used to過去常

35、常(現(xiàn)在已不再)He used_(smoke), but he no longer smokes.mustneedntto smoke.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done類別意義熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背cant have done絕不可能做過The accident could _(avoid), but the driver drove too fast.He cant _(pass) the testhe looks sad.He_have arrived there by now, but youd better call him to make sure.could have done本來能做但卻沒做

36、may/might have done可能做過must have done一定做過neednt have done本來不必做某事，而實(shí)際上做了should/ought to have done本該做某事，而實(shí)際上沒做would have done本來會(huì)，而實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生have been avoided have passed may/might 類別意義熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背would like to have done過去愿意做但卻沒做It_have rained yesterday，as the ground is wet.I actually_have bought so much food

37、only three people came.You should_(come) here five minutes earlier.I would like _(go) to your party，but my cousin came.neednthave comemay to have gone.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的慣用法類別意義熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背cannot .too/enough無論怎么都不為過；越越好You cannot be_careful.I cannot_admire your bravery.He_well be proud of his son.You_as well do it at

38、 once.If you_(偏要) know，I am twice my sons age.Its surprising that she_say that.cannot but do sth.不得不have to do sth.may well do sth.很可能be likely to do sth.may as well do sth.最好had better do sth.must偏偏，偏要should竟然(表示對(duì)某事不理解，驚異之意)toobutmay/mightmay/mightmustshould四、虛擬語氣.虛擬語氣在從句中的應(yīng)用類別用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背if引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)

39、在事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式(be用were)主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形If he_(be) here, he would help us.If I_(be)free，I would have visited you.If it_rain tomorrow，we would not go camping.If he_(live)here, we would often get together swimming and fishing.If I had known your number, I would_(get) in touch with you.與

40、過去事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：had過去分詞主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式/should動(dòng)詞原形/were不定式主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形werehad beenshouldlivedhave got類別用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背其他狀語從句as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去完成式They are talking as if they_(be) friends for years.賓語從句demand，suggest，order，insist后接的從句中動(dòng)詞為should動(dòng)詞原形He suggested that we_(not change) our mind.wish后的從句中分別用過去式、過去完成式和should/would動(dòng)詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反I wish I_(have)a good rest this weekend.How I wish I_(take)your advice.had beennot changewould havehad taken類別用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背主語從句在It is necessary/important/strange that.，It