新視界大學(xué)英語UnitFurtherreading學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1新視界大學(xué)新視界大學(xué)(dxu)英語英語 Unit Further reading第一頁，共68頁。Warming upWatch a video clip about placebo effect magic and discuss the questions.Have you ever experienced any “placebo effect” in your life? Does it work after you know that its just the placebo?第1頁/共68頁第二頁，共68頁。Warming upMichael was a regular v

2、isitor to his local hospital, often appearing around midnight, complaining of severe headaches and requesting an injection of a drug which had helped in the past. One night, the duty doctor gave him an injection of saline salt water instead, and it worked. 第2頁/共68頁第三頁，共68頁。Warming upIf you were Mich

3、ael, would you _?(a) be angry when you found out what the doctor had done(b) ask for the same treatment next time (c) conclude that your problem was psychological, not physical(d) think that there was no connection between the injection and the headache disappearing Now read the passage and find out

4、 more about Michael and the placebo effect.第3頁/共68頁第四頁，共68頁。Skimming & Scanning第4頁/共68頁第五頁，共68頁。Skimming & ScanningThe true statements are 1,3,4,6 and 8. 1 Michael used to get bad headaches. 2 He would go to his local hospital around midday to get treatment. 3 One night the doctor gave him a

5、n injection of salt water. 4 The injection made Michael feel better. 5 The doctor gave the injection by mistake. 6 The doctor told Michael what she had done. 7 Michael didnt believe the doctor. 8 Michaels case provides an example of the “placebo effect”.第5頁/共68頁第六頁，共68頁。Answer: (c)Skimming & Sca

6、nning Choose the best answer to the questions.(a) The determination of a patient to get better even without medicine. (b) The use of drugs to reduce pain but not to cure the illness. (c) What can happen when a patient believes a non-medicine is real medicine. (d) The use of drugs which affect the pa

7、tients consciousness.第6頁/共68頁第七頁，共68頁。Answer: (a)Skimming & Scanning(a) The effect of the emotions on physical health. (b) A type of medicine which was developed hundreds of years ago. (c) The relationship between stress and illness. (d) The fear that people traditionally have of doctors and med

8、icine. 第7頁/共68頁第八頁，共68頁。Answer: (a)Skimming & Scanning(a) It is modified by factors which seem to be related to culture. (b) It only works with a certain type of patients. (c) The less you spend on it, the more effective it is.(d) It has more benefits than we realize. 第8頁/共68頁第九頁，共68頁。Answer: (d

9、)Skimming & Scanning(a) To ensure that people do not mix them up.(b) Because different colours are associated with different brands. (c) To make patients feel more cheerful. (d) Because of the placebo effect.第9頁/共68頁第十頁，共68頁。Answer: (a)Skimming & Scanning(a) Whether or not to tell their pati

10、ents they are using placebos. (b) The fact that they dont believe placebos are useful. (c) The fact that placebos may do more harm than good. (d) The fact that placebos can be more expensive than real medicine. 第10頁/共68頁第十一頁，共68頁。Answer: (d)Skimming & Scanning(a) Not enough patients respond to t

11、reatment with placebos. (b) Placebos are more important than traditional medicine.(c) Doctors should be more careful in their use of placebos. (d) It teaches us about the human dimension of the doctor-patient relationship. 第11頁/共68頁第十二頁，共68頁。1 Michael was a regular visitor to his local hospital, oft

12、en appearing around midnight, complaining of severe headaches and requesting an injection of a drug which had helped in the past. One night, the duty doctor gave him an injection of saline salt water instead, and it worked. The doctor explained what she had done, and thought this would convince him

13、that the problem was psychological. But Michael then said, “Can I get that new medicine next time, its really effective!”譯文Mind over bodythe placebo effectDigging第12頁/共68頁第十三頁，共68頁。2 The phenomenon which Michael experienced is known as the placebo effect, where something fake in this case the saline

14、 becomes something real seemingly because someone believes in it. On this occasion, the placebo effect was working in two ways. First, the doctor was using it to highlight the power of the mind over the body to Michael. Secondly, despite the doctors explanation, and even though its effect was imagin

15、ary, Michael still believed in the new medicine so much that the physical pain faded away.譯文Digging第13頁/共68頁第十四頁，共68頁。3 But the placebo effect is merely part of a much more extensive phenomenon called the Mind-Body effect. The term refers to the effect of beliefs and fears on physical health, and ha

16、s been described as a special form of hope. For centuries physicians and most members of the general public have been aware of the importance of good emotional health. We know either consciously or unconsciously how our thoughts, feelings and behaviour can make us feel better, as well as how fatigue

17、 and stress can be tackled by developing certain strategies, such as how to breathe and to relax.譯文Digging第14頁/共68頁第十五頁，共68頁。譯文Digging第15頁/共68頁第十六頁，共68頁。譯文Digging第16頁/共68頁第十七頁，共68頁。譯文DiggingPills to treat anxiety are usually coloured green because of its association with calm and peace; painkillers

18、are often packaged in red and orange boxes. The placebo effect lies beyond the chemical effect: Its the ceremony and cultural meaning of the treatment which is more important.第17頁/共68頁第十八頁，共68頁。譯文Digging6 Furthermore, since the placebo is in effect something fake, it raises an ethical dilemma: Shoul

19、d a doctor deceive their patients? Surely this would undermine our belief in medicine, and challenge the doctors code of conduct. At least Michaels doctor revealed her deceit after the treatment. But should she have practised it in the first place?第18頁/共68頁第十九頁，共68頁。譯文Digging7 This recent insight in

20、to the Mind-Body effect has taught both doctors and patients that their relationship has undergone a change. Its no longer one which is restricted simply by the reactions of the body to chemicals. It has become a human relationship where the doctor interacts with us, the patients. The doctor is some

21、one who is caring for us, and offering to help. Its a relationship which may explain to us why we feel sick and what we can do to get better. 第19頁/共68頁第二十頁，共68頁。譯文DiggingWe get hope, support and human warmth. The meaning of the treatment becomes more important than its chemical effects, and this may

22、 lead to a genuine reaction, where our pulse rate drops, we relax, and our stress levels decrease.第20頁/共68頁第二十一頁，共68頁。譯文Digging第21頁/共68頁第二十二頁，共68頁。Difficult sentences As the examples which follow show, patients feel even better if the sham medicine they are given appears to come from a well-known dr

23、ug company and is the psychologically “correct” colour. Although the passage does not go into it, even ethnic background can affect which sort of placebo works for you.1. Patients responses to the placebo effect take us beyond the world of emotional and physical well-being into areas such as brandin

24、g or cultural association. (Line 1, Para 5)Text第22頁/共68頁第二十三頁，共68頁。Difficult sentences Having a nurse come and give one an injection is an example of a medical ritual or ceremony. In other cultures you might expect someone to move their hands over you and sing ancient songs the expected treatment di

25、ffers, but the effect is the same.Text第23頁/共68頁第二十四頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)n. C a substance that is not medicine but that a patient who is taking it believes is medicine, so they get better 安慰劑placebo 如果病人知道是安慰劑的話，那它就沒有效果了。WordsThe placebo will not work if the patient knows it is a placebo.例句翻譯It

26、 is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body.我們?nèi)匀徊磺宄参縿┑降资侨绾沃尾〉摹?Text第24頁/共68頁第二十五頁，共68頁。釋義(shy)1a. serious and unpleasant (病痛(bngtng) 劇烈的； (傷勢(shì)或病情) 嚴(yán)重的 severe This drug relieved the severe pain in my chest. Words例句(lj)翻譯這個(gè)藥減輕了我胸部的劇痛。I have a severe toothache. 我的牙疼很嚴(yán)重。例句翻譯第25頁/共68頁第二

27、十六頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)2a. very serious and worrying (問題)嚴(yán)重的有些地方專業(yè)人員嚴(yán)重短缺。 WordsShortages of professional staff are very severe in some places. 改革使貧困人口遇到了嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。The reforms have caused severe economic hardship for the poorest members of the population. 例句翻譯severe As soon as the danger from ene

28、my action, people had to cope with a severe shortage of food, clothing, fuel, and almost everything. (Jun. 2003, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題Text第26頁/共68頁第二十七頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)vt. to make someone believe that something is true 使確信；使信服 這樣的解釋無法使我信服。WordsSuch explanation doesnt convince m

29、e. The waste disposal industry is finding it difficult to convince the public that its operations are safe. 例句翻譯垃圾處理業(yè)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難讓公眾相信其操作是安全的。 convince We are convinced that you mean to do us good by your proposal; and we thank you heartily. (Jan. 1989, CET4, Reading comprehension)真題Text第27頁/共68頁第二十八頁，共68頁。

30、例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)n. C (pl phenomena) an event or situation that can be seen to happen or exist 現(xiàn)象有些人將“真人秀”節(jié)目視作一個(gè)令人不安的新現(xiàn)象。WordsSome people see reality TV shows as a disturbing new phenomenon. phenomenon例句翻譯公路暴力似乎是最近才有的現(xiàn)象。 Road rage seems to be a fairly recent phenomenon. Text第28頁/共68頁第二十九頁，共68頁。例句

31、(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)a. made to look like something real in order to trick people 假的；偽造的；冒充的 fake It is filled with famous works of art, and every one of them is a fake. 市場(chǎng)有很多假名牌。 WordsOn the market you can find many fake brands.例句翻譯這里滿是藝術(shù)名品，但每一件都是贗品。 Text第29頁/共68頁第三十頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)vt. to r

32、eport or describe something in a way that makes people notice it and think about it 使突出；使強(qiáng)調(diào)；使注意力集中于 用對(duì)比色會(huì)突出你房間的形狀和尺寸。 WordsUsing contrasting colours will highlight the shape and dimensions of your room. 例句翻譯你的簡(jiǎn)歷應(yīng)突出你的技能和成績(jī)。 Your resum should highlight your skills and achievements. highlight Text第30頁/

33、共68頁第三十一頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)a. not real but only created by your mind 想象中的；假想的 該劇中的人物都是虛構(gòu)的。 WordsAll the characters in this play are imaginary. 例句翻譯赤道只是一條假想的線。The Equator is just an imaginary line. imaginary Text第31頁/共68頁第三十二頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)vi. to gradually become less clear or not

34、iceable until it finally disappears 逐漸消失 fade 他們聽見有人經(jīng)過房門的腳步聲，后來聲音逐漸在遠(yuǎn)處消失。 WordsThey heard footsteps go past the room, then fade into the distance. 例句翻譯噴氣式飛機(jī)的聲音逐漸消失了。The sound of the jet plane faded away. Text第32頁/共68頁第三十三頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)a. an unconscious feeling or thought is one that you

35、 do not realize you have (感情或想法) 無意識(shí)的，不自覺的 父母很多時(shí)都沒有意識(shí)到自己在各方面影響著孩子。 WordsParents are often quite unconscious of the ways in which they influence their children. 例句翻譯這些沖動(dòng)通常是完全潛意識(shí)的。 These impulses are often totally unconscious. unconscious Text第33頁/共68頁第三十四頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)vt. to make an orga

36、nized and determined attempt to deal with a problem 解決；應(yīng)付；處理 tackle 毒品問題必須毫不回避地解決處理。 WordsThe drugs problem has to be tackled head-on. 例句翻譯果斷處理這些問題的首要原因是為了挽救孩子們的生命。 The first reason to tackle these problems is to save childrens lives. Text第34頁/共68頁第三十五頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)n. C a particular par

37、t, feature, or quality of something 方面；特色；特點(diǎn)aspect When everything turns green, the countryside presents a truly beautiful aspect. 因特網(wǎng)影響著我們生活的方方面面。 WordsThe Internet affects every aspect of our lives. 例句翻譯當(dāng)一切都變綠后，鄉(xiāng)間呈現(xiàn)出一派美麗宜人的景色。 TextThe most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emot

38、ional needs of each member of the family. (Jun. 1999, CET4, Short Answer Questions)真題第35頁/共68頁第三十六頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)n. sing, U the size of something, especially when it is big 大小，規(guī)模scale 這種布娃娃正以商業(yè)規(guī)模大量生產(chǎn)。 WordsThe dolls are now produced on a commercial scale. The break-down of law and order

39、could result in killing on a massive scale. 法律和秩序一旦崩潰便可能導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模的屠殺。 例句翻譯Text第36頁/共68頁第三十七頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)n. C, U physical damage done to a person or a part of their body 傷害；損害injury 醫(yī)治傷害的方法便是忘卻傷害。 WordsThe remedy for injuries is not to remember them. The doctor said he would risk serious in

40、jury if he were to fall again. 醫(yī)生說如果他再次跌倒的話，會(huì)有受重傷的危險(xiǎn)。 例句翻譯Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. (Jan. 1989, CET4, Reading Comprehension )真題Text第37頁/共68頁第三十八頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)a. not as good as something else 次等的；較差的 inferior He

41、preferred the company of those who were intellectually inferior to himself. 如果讓孩子們感覺他們不如其他孩子，他們的信心就會(huì)減弱。 WordsIf children were made to feel inferior to other children their confidence declined. 例句翻譯他喜歡與那些智力水平不如他的人共處。 Their products are frequently overpriced and inferior in quality. (Jun. 2002, CET4,

42、Vocabulary and Structure)真題Text第38頁/共68頁第三十九頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)n. C, U medical treatment in which a doctor cuts open someones body 外科手術(shù) surgery Truth, like surgery, may hurt, but it cures. 你也許根本不需要?jiǎng)邮中g(shù)。WordsYou may not need surgery after all. 例句翻譯真理，像外科手術(shù)一樣，可能使人疼痛，但卻可治愈疾病。 Text第39頁/共68頁第四十頁，共

43、68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)n. C a reaction 反應(yīng)；回應(yīng) response Her response was to leave the room and slam the door. 我留了口信，但沒有得到回復(fù)。 WordsIve left messages, but theres been no response. 例句翻譯她的反應(yīng)是離開房間并把門砰地關(guān)上。 Text第40頁/共68頁第四十一頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)1n. C a connection between two things 關(guān)系；聯(lián)系 association M

44、y association with him goes back to our days in high school. 該研究顯示飲食與多種疾病之間存在著聯(lián)系。 WordsThe research showed an association between diet and various diseases. 例句翻譯我和他的交往可以追溯到我們的高中時(shí)代。They are building the dam in association with another firm. (Jan. 1992, CET4, Vocabulary and structure)真題第41頁/共68頁第四十二頁，

45、共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)2n. C a group of people who have joined together because they have similar interests or aims 協(xié)會(huì)；聯(lián)盟Research associations are often linked to a particular industry. 她是牙科醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)長(zhǎng)。WordsShe is president of the dental association. 例句翻譯研究協(xié)會(huì)經(jīng)常與某個(gè)特定的行業(yè)相關(guān)。 association Text第42頁/共68頁第四十三

46、頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)n. U a worried feeling you have because you think something bad might happen 焦慮；憂慮 There was a lot of anxiety about the results of the talks. 人們對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)情況的憂慮在增加。 Words Peoples anxiety about the economy is increasing. 例句翻譯對(duì)于會(huì)談的結(jié)果大家都很焦慮。 anxiety In fact, the analysis showed, norm

47、al children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. (Dec. 2003, CET4, Reading Comprehension)真題Text第43頁/共68頁第四十四頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)vt. to trick someone by behaving in a dishonest way 欺騙 deceiveYoure just deceiving yo

48、urself if you think hell come back to you. 他們騙那個(gè)老人在文件上簽了字。 WordsThey deceived the old man into signing the papers. 例句翻譯如果你認(rèn)為他會(huì)回到你身邊，那你是在自欺欺人。 名詞詞性： deceit Text第44頁/共68頁第四十五頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)n. C, U dishonest behaviour that is intended to trick someone 欺騙；欺詐 deceitWords例句翻譯Her account of the

49、 affair was shown to be full of lies and deceits. 這則廣告的內(nèi)容大都是騙人的。 There is too much deceit in this advertisement. 她對(duì)這一事件的陳述已被證明滿是謊言與欺騙。 Text第45頁/共68頁第四十六頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)vt. to make something or someone become gradually less effective, confident, or successful 逐漸削弱；逐漸損害undermine His positio

50、n within the government has been seriously undermined. 工作壓力損害了她的健康。WordsHer health was undermined by the stress of her job. 例句翻譯他在政府中的地位遭到嚴(yán)重削弱。 Text第46頁/共68頁第四十七頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)n. U (fml) the way someone behaves, especially in relation to particular rules or accepted ways of behaving 行為；舉

51、止conductEfforts were made to regulate the conduct of crowds at football games. 這個(gè)囚犯因品行良好而獲得提前釋放。 WordsThe prisoner was released early for good conduct. 例句翻譯當(dāng)局作出努力規(guī)范足球比賽中球迷的行為。 Text第47頁/共68頁第四十八頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)n. C, U ( into) a chance to understand something or learn more about it 洞悉；深入了解；

52、見解 insight經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的專家具有專業(yè)的技術(shù)和洞察力。 WordsThe experienced specialist has professional skills and insight. 真題那篇文章使我們對(duì)中國(guó)文化有了深刻的理解。The article gives us a real insight into Chinese culture. 翻譯TextThe film provides a deep insight into a wide range of human qualifies and feelings. (Jan. 2003, CET4, Vocabulary an

53、d structure)真題第48頁/共68頁第四十九頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)1vt. to experience a process of change 經(jīng)歷（變化的過程）undergo公司經(jīng)歷了幾次重大變化。 WordsThe company underwent several major changes. 真題很多昆蟲在發(fā)育過程中身體形態(tài)會(huì)經(jīng)歷幾種變化。Many insects undergo several changes in body form during their development.翻譯第49頁/共68頁第五十頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯

54、(fny)釋義(shy)2vt. to experience something, especially something that is unpleasant but necessary 經(jīng)受，承受 (尤指不愉快的事情)那家公司正在經(jīng)受著嚴(yán)重的財(cái)政危機(jī)。 WordsThe company is undergoing severe financial crises. 真題戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)發(fā)生以來，我們經(jīng)歷了許多苦難。We have undergone many hardships since the war. 翻譯undergoText第50頁/共68頁第五十一頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋

55、義(shy)vi. if one person interacts with another, they communicate with one another and react to one another, often while performing an activity together 相互交流；互動(dòng)interact做游戲是一家人互相交流的一個(gè)途徑。 WordsPlaying a game is a way for a family to interact. 真題桌子被擺成U字形，這樣老師和學(xué)生交流會(huì)很方便。 Desks are arranged in a U-shape, s

56、o the teacher can interact easily with the students. 翻譯Text第51頁/共68頁第五十二頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)1to say you have a pain or are ill 訴說 (病痛)complain of老婦人總是抱怨頭疼但又不去看病。 WordsThe old woman kept complaining of the headache but refused to go to see the doctor. 真題他是個(gè)非常自我克制的人，從不抱怨病痛的折磨。 He is quite a sel

57、f-restraint person, never complain of the suffering from the illness. 翻譯Many people complain of the rapid pace of modern life. (Jun. 1991, CET4, Vocabulary and structure)真題第52頁/共68頁第五十三頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)2to say that something bad has happened 控訴 年輕人有時(shí)抱怨無法與父母溝通思想。 WordsYoung people sometimes

58、 complain of not being able to communicate with their parents. 真題游客抱怨需要花六周時(shí)間等簽證，并且簽證官還索賄。 visitors complain of six-week waits for visas and of officials demanding bribes.翻譯complain ofText第53頁/共68頁第五十四頁，共68頁。例句(lj)翻譯(fny)釋義(shy)used for giving a summary of what you think the situation really is 事實(shí)上；實(shí)際上in effect她的答復(fù)事實(shí)上是一種道歉。 WordsHer reply is in