英語完形填空解題技巧點撥

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上第 2 講 英語完形填空解題技巧點撥完形填空是一種綜合題型，它測試了學生對空缺語篇的準確修補能力，考查了學生對詞匯意思的辨析，對詞法規(guī)則的靈活處理和運用能力，以及對生活常識和文化知識的掌握程度。 綜觀近年高考完形填空題，大部分都是記敘文或夾敘夾議的故事類文章。故事情節(jié)曲折、線索清晰、結構完整，并有一定的教育意義。1.利用邏輯關系解題嘗試從邏輯關系的高度整體上把握，就會不無驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯關系才是征服完形填空的最佳途徑。所謂邏輯關系并不縹緲，它就隱藏在句子中、句與句之間以及段落的銜接中。通過邏輯關系的方法，我們可以通過確切、具體的線索，把答案的邏輯意義推測出來，從而在答案

2、中尋找表現(xiàn)了相同邏輯意義的選項。這樣做，使得題目的難度大大降低。如：(1) 句中邏輯關系Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and_45_nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.45. A

3、. mostly              B. partly              C. sometimes              D. rarely(2) 句間邏輯關系在此，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)所謂邏輯關系并不

4、抽象，它往往通過轉折、讓步、遞進、因果等明確的邏輯關系詞來體現(xiàn)。當然，句子的邏輯關系也不一定體現(xiàn)在一句話的內部，它還可以滲透到篇章的層面上，在句與句之間表現(xiàn)出來。如：Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash（束縛）. _13_, she encourages them to get better ways to do business.13. A. Still              B. Ye

5、t              C. Instead              D. WhileThere is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, _1_ would prove that there h

6、as always been a warm relationship between the various areas of human activity.1. A. therefore              B. however                     C

7、. moreover              D. otherwise(3) 段間邏輯關系這種邏輯關系主要體現(xiàn)在段落之間的銜接上。如：. Not everyone sees that process（過程） in perspective(客觀地). It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, _29_, that the introduction of the computer in the earl

8、y 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit （集成電路）during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.29. A. indeed              B. hence  

9、60;           C. however               D. therefore2.利用語法分析解題完形填空雖然以語境填空為主，但也有部分考查語法項目的題目。對于這類題，考生可以利用平時所學的詞匯知識，分析單詞(組)的使用范圍、動詞的及物和不及物，并利用句子結構、句式特點等知識全面衡量所有選項排除干擾。如：A blind person wante

10、d to buy scissors(剪刀). _51_do you suppose he asked for them?51. A. What  B. How  C. Who  D. Which_8_ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.8. A. Because   B. While  C. If   D. Since3.利用固定搭配解題完形填空題中對詞匯知識的考查，主要體現(xiàn)在習慣用法和同義詞、近義詞的辨析兩方面。習慣用法是英語

11、中某種固定的結構形態(tài)，即所謂的“習語”，不能隨意改動。所以，考生平時應掌握好習慣用法。對詞義辨析題的考查有加大力度的趨勢。要做好這類題，需要有較大的詞匯量和詞語搭配能力、詞語辨析能力，特別是在特定的語境中能靈活運用的能力。如：They couldnt read or write. They didnt like to work and they never _12_ baths.12. A. took               B. washed  &#

12、160;            C. ran              D. coveredI did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he said, “Youre never going to be _2_ but a failure.

13、”2. A. anything              B. something          C. everything              D. nothing4.利用固定句型解題完形填空雖然注重考查語境理解，但同時也會考到一些固定句

14、型，考生掌握好這些句型，對確定題目的答案很有幫助。如：I havent had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and its several days _19_ I used a phone box.19. A. as              B. when             

15、 C. if              D. sinceIt wasnt long _18_the police caught the thief.18. A. after              B. when          

16、60;   C. before              D. until“Why _14_ you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who is drunk.”14. A. dont              B. couldnt  

17、;             C. cant              D. do5.利用復現(xiàn)信息解題語篇復現(xiàn)的信息包括原詞復現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞復現(xiàn)、上義詞和下義詞復現(xiàn)、概括詞復現(xiàn)和代詞復現(xiàn)等。語篇中有詞匯和結構同現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象，如與語篇話題相關、意義相關的詞匯同時出現(xiàn)，結構同現(xiàn)，同義同現(xiàn)，修飾同現(xiàn)，因果同現(xiàn)等。因此，利用上下文尋找解題信息，確定正確答案。

18、如：First of all, I respected his _3_ to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom.3. A. attention              B. introduction      

19、        C. relation              D. devotionI put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. An

20、d then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _44_, dressed neatly. A. roommate              B. classmate               C. neighbor       

21、0;       D. companion 6.利用跳讀法解題一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中總有一些空是相對簡單的。 對于這類空格考生可以先將其確定下來，之后再逐個去突破其他空。跳過那些不太容易得出答案的題。切忌做題時循規(guī)蹈矩地一個順著一個地去完成。如：“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He_1_ up and looked around. A short distance away, a group of_2_ stood quietly watching us. One

22、 of them _3_ walking toward us. We both jumped to our _4_ not knowing what to expect.1. A. sat              B. stayed              C. thought     

23、;         D. put2. A. pilots              B. natives              C. editors         

24、     D. assistants3. A. avoided              B. delayed              C. began            &

25、#160; D. desired4. A. boat              B. car              C. horses              D. feet7.巧用排除法解題在有些情況下

26、，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道題的答案，可以把排除法和詞匯、語法分析結合起來運用，縮小選擇的范圍，提高正確率。如：The woman looked carefully at me _5_ through her glasses, and then questioned me in a low voice.5. A. as usual              B. for a while      

27、        C. in a minute              D. once againHe put the books into the return box. And after a brief _6_ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to meet Eric.6. A. rest  

28、            B. break              C. walk              D. stopWhen I started playing _19_ him, he told me I needed

29、to relax because I looked nervous.19. A. at              B. by                            C. for 

30、60;                          D. around8.跳讀首尾句進行預測一般來講，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳讀這兩句，便可判斷體裁，猜想它要講什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what，即四個W，那么就是記敘文，很可能就是一個故事，為了測試語篇的理解能力，出題者特別注意選材的趣味性，其結尾往往出人

31、意料，耐人尋味；若首句是提出或解釋說明某事物，一般來說是說明文；若首句提出一個論點，那么就是議論文。首句往往開宗明義，是文章的主題。細讀首句可啟示全文。而尾句又往往是對文章主題的總結。所以，它們是了解文章大意的一個窗口，對我們理解全文有著重要的啟示作用。因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，尋找文章的脈絡與線索。如：Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打

32、擊樂器獨奏演員) in spite of her disability.本文主要講述的是蘇格蘭第一位女打擊樂器獨奏演員Evelyn Glennie在耳聾的情況下成功學習打擊樂器的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)首句給出的信息，下面我們可以猜想Evelyn Glennie學習打擊樂器過程必然充滿困難，而能夠在耳聾的情況下學習打擊樂器，Evelyn Glennie對音樂肯定也是充滿熱情的。9.巧用背景常識解題解答完形填空題時，有時文章中提供的信息還不夠，還需要把讀者頭腦中儲存的一般知識信息結合起來考慮，最后作出符合常識的最佳答案。因此，考生的知識范圍越廣，則對文章的理解會更容易，整體上知道所選短文在說什么，那么局部上的

33、每一個空填起來也會得心應手。因此解答完形填空題時，考生的英語語言知識和有關世界的知識，都發(fā)揮著重要的作用。當對語言的把握不很準確時，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常識，巧妙地加以運用，先找出并理解文章主題和主線，并根據(jù)主題猜測細節(jié)，注意從重復出現(xiàn)的詞語中尋找、體會文章表達的氛圍。這樣將會大大簡化復雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間，順利地沿作者的思路閱讀下去。如：After _2_ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile jour

34、ney back.2. A. growing              B. putting              C. planting              D. layingSalina Joe

35、began to _2_ when she was one-year old.2. A. say              B. cry              C. sing              D.

36、 talkEvery morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to _30_A. check              B.read              C. keep      

37、;        D.signOwning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the _37_ areas like the desert.37. A. dry              B. distant        

38、0;     C. deserted              D. wild10.利用對比結構解題對比結構常把兩種對立的事物或同一事物的兩個不同方面并列出來加以比較或對比。高考完形填空題常常利用句子之間的對比關系或者同一個句子的不同部分之間的對比關系設計題目。如：A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and_59_room is in a much better positio

39、n than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. 59. A. furnished              B. expensive              C. comfortable  

40、0;           D. suitableIf he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather, _15_ he did, he would ask about their families or make jokes, always cutting his cloth according to his customers.15. A. and then  

41、0;           B. and so              C. even if              D. but if。11.利用平行結構解題平行結構指的是結構相同或相似，意思密切關聯(lián)，語法一致的句子或詞組成串排列的語言

42、現(xiàn)象。這些結構的形式整齊勻稱，內容聯(lián)系緊密。命題者常從平行結構的句式相同或相似這一角度，利用其表現(xiàn)意義的關聯(lián)或對比這一特點來設空。高考完形填空短文常常會出現(xiàn)這樣一些平行結構，掌握這些結構極為相似的句子可大大提高我們的解題效率。如：Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is_51_for children to work at home in their free time. _52_, they argue that most teachers do not_53_

43、 plan the homework tasks they give to pupils.51. A. unnecessary               B. uninteresting          C. unfortunate            

44、 D. unimportant52. A. Nevertheless              B. however              C. Therefore               D. Moreover

45、53. A. considerably              B. favorably              C. properly              D. pleasantlyCompanie

46、s with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them _42_ and active.42. A. alive              B. vivid           

47、60;  C. mobile              D. diverse12.利用暗示和對應解題完形填空題中雖然也穿插了對語法、短語和詞的辨析、句子結構的考查等，但對文章故事情節(jié)發(fā)展線索的邏輯考查仍是重點。暗示與上下對應的思維方法，是突破此類完形填空最關鍵的思維方式?？忌谧鲱}時要有全局觀念，進行連貫性思維，做題時要把每個空白處的含義與前后句的意思聯(lián)系起來理解，進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。難選之處前后通常多有暗示，這種暗示多為后面暗示前面。如：.he wo

48、uld join student groups to discuss a variety of _47_: agriculture, diving and mathematics.47. A. questions              B. subjects              C. matters  

49、60;           D. contentsEverybody moved quickly in order to _6_ the seats they wanted. I was _7_ to get a seat near the tail, but6. A. fetch              B. hold    

50、;          C. keep              D. get13.根據(jù)文章的感情色彩解題考生在第一遍通讀時，應在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基礎上，著重尋找反映語境褒貶性的標志性詞匯或句子，這些標志性詞匯或句子往往對文章的語境褒貶性起著決定性的作用。如：When Ed first phoned and _37_(suggested) we play, I 1aughed quietly, figuring on an _38_(easy) victory. After all, Eds idea of _ 39_ (exercise) has always been nothing more _40_(effort-making) than lifting a fork to his mouth. _41_(As long as) I can remember, Eds been the least physically fit member in the family, and _42_(strangely) proud of himse