2018年高考英語專題三閱讀理解第三步題型突破(十)含答案

1、題型突破（十）詞義猜測之句意猜測題A（2017漂陽竹餐中學檢測）Have you ever picked a job based on the fact that you were good at it but later found it made you feel very uncomfortable over time ? When you select your career, there' s a whole lot more to it than assessing your skills and matching them with a particular positi

2、on. If you ignore your personality , it will hurt you long-term regardless of your skills or the job ' s pay.There are several areas of your personality that you need to consider to help you find a good job.Here are a few of those main areas：Do you prefer working alone or with other people?There

3、 are isolating（使孤立）jobs that will drive an outgoing person crazy and also interactive jobs that will make a shy person uneasy.Most people are not extremes in either direction but do have a tendency that they prefer.There are also positions that are sometimes a combination of the two , which may be b

4、est for someone in the middle who adapts easily to either situation.How do you handle change?Most jobs these days have some elements of change to them, but some are more than others.If you need stability in your life , you may need a job where the changes don' t happen so often.Other people woul

5、d be bored of the same daily routine.Do you enjoy working with computers?I do see this as a kind of personality characteristic.There are people who are happy to spend more than 40 hours a week on a computer, while there are others who need a lot of human interaction throughout the day.Again , these

6、are extremes and you' ll likely find a lot of positions somewhere in the middle as well.What type of work environment do you enjoy?This can range from being in a large building with a lot of people you won' t know immediately to a smaller setting where you' ll get to know almost all the

7、people there fairly quickly.How do you like to get paid?Some people are motivated by the pay they get, while others feel too stressed to be like that.The variety of payment designs in the sales industry is a typical example for this.Anyway , these are a great starting point for you.I ' ve seen i

8、t over and over again with people that they make more money over time when they do something they love.It may take you a little longer, but making a move to do what you have a passion for can change the course of your life for the better.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。主要講述工作和個性之間的關(guān)系。要找一份好工作，考慮自己的個性是很有必要的。1. What does

9、 the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?A . Before you select your job , you should assess your skills and match them with your position.B . There are more important things than assessing skills and match them with the position when you select your job.C. Nothing is important than assessing ski

10、lls and match them with the position when you select your job.D. You should ignore your skills when you select your job.答案 B解析 句意猜測題。理解該句關(guān)鍵在于more than ”不僅僅，超過;且下文講到考慮個性也是找工作必不可少的。所以該句句意為：在選擇職業(yè)的時候，不僅僅要考慮技術(shù)以及技術(shù)與 工作的對口。故正確答案為Bo2. What is the best title for this passage?A . Lifestyles and Job PayB . Job

11、s and EnvironmentC. Job Skills and AbilitiesD. Personalities and Jobs答案 D解析 標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了人的個性和工作之間的關(guān)系。故正確答案為Do（2017江蘇高考壓軸卷）One hundred years ago, “Colored" was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent.Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for “ N

12、egro” . By the late 1960s, that term was overtaken by “ Black” . And then , at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that “African American " was the term to welcome.This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as “Italian Americans " and "I

13、rish Americans ", that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.A century ' s worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise.A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term “Black” carried connotations（涵義）that we

14、re more negative than those of a African American ".But if it was known that “Black“ people were viewed differently from aAfrican Americans" , researchers, until now , hadn' t identified what that gap in perception was derived from.A recent study , conducted by Emory University ' s

15、 Erika Hall , found that “Black" people are viewed more negatively than a African Americans" because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status.As a result, “ Black" people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The study' s most striking findin

16、gs shed light on the racial discriminations permeating the professional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a CV , it appears, can tap into recruiters"（招聘人員）discriminations.A job application might mention affiliations（關(guān)系）with groups such as the aWisconsin Association of African-American La

17、wyers" or the aNational Black Employees Association ” , the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members' control.In one of the study ' s experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams.To one group

18、 , he was identified as aAfrican-American ", and another was told he was “ Black” . With little else to go on , they were asked to estimate Mr Williams' salary, professional standing , and educational background.The a African-American " group estimated that he earned about 37,000 a yea

19、r and had a two-year college degree.The “Black“ group, on the other hand, put his salary at about 29,000, and guessed that he had only "some" college experience.Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr Williams worked at a managerial level , while only 38.5 percent of the s

20、econd group thought so.Hall' s findings suggest there' s an argument to be made for electing to use “African American ” , though one can ' t help but get the sense that it ' s a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress.Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can b

21、ring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois' original , idealistic hope : "It' s not the name it: s the Thing that counts.”語篇解讀本文是關(guān)于種族歧視的議論文，探討了非洲血統(tǒng)的美國人被稱為“黑人”和“非裔美國人”時人們的不同態(tài)度。3. We can conclude from Erika Hall ' s findings that .A. racial discriminations are widespread i

22、n the professional worldB . many applicants don ' t attend to details on their CVsC. job seekers should all be careful about their affiliationsD. most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases答案 A解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句"The study' s most striking findings shed light on theracial di

23、scriminations permeating the professional world.” 可知研究最弓I人注目的發(fā)現(xiàn)是揭示了 種族歧視滲透到職業(yè)世界。故選 A項。4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Jesse Jackson embraced the termi “ African American " because it is free from discrimination.B . The naming of any ethnic（種族）group i

24、s politically sensitive.C. Before the study conducted by Erika Hall , researchers had identified the causes of the gap in perception of racial discrimination.D. A man identified as aAfrican American ” is thought of as more capable than he is identified asBlack答案 C解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句 "But if it wa

25、s known that ' Black' people were viewed differently from "African Americans ' , researchers, until now , hadn' t identified what that gap in perception was derived from."可知，如果人們知道 "黑人"與"非裔美國 人”有著不同的C項是不正確的?？捶?，那么研究人員到目前為止還沒有意識到這種差異是由何產(chǎn)生。故5. Erika Hall ' s

26、 experiment about a man with the last name Williams indicates that .A . African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groupsB . black people' s socioeconomic status in America remains lowC. people' s conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeledD. one' s

27、professional standing and income are related to their educational background 答案 C解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知，種族歧視影響著人們的求職。又根據(jù)第五、六段舉的 例子可知，人們對一個人的認識是與這個人被貼上的標簽緊密相關(guān)的。故選C項。6. From the underlined sentences in the last paragraph , we can know that Dr Du Bois ' hope is .A . all Americans enjoy equal rightsB . a

28、person is judged by their worthC. a new term is created to address African AmericansD. all ethnic groups share the nation ' s continued progress答案 B解析 句意猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，Dr Du Bois希望判斷一個人不是根據(jù)他的名稱而是根據(jù)這個人創(chuàng)造的價值。故選B項。C（2017姜堰、如東、沐陽、前黃四校聯(lián)考）At a time when many students still see college as their best ho

29、pe for a rewarding career , higher education has become more expensive, far more than the steady increase in the cost of living.As a consequence, average student debt at graduation is currently pushing - 30,000.In some cases, student debt reaches six figures.But falling beyond the reach of these fri

30、ghtening statistics are many capable students who don' t accumulate student debt because they can' t afford to go to college in the first place.Which raises a question : Wouldn' t our nation be better off if all American students were encouraged, or even assisted, by public policy to pus

31、h their intellectual capacities to their maximums ? What if all higher education in our country were extremely affordable ? Or even free?As it happens , the Associated Press reported that both Oregon and Tennessee are considering the feasibility（可行性）of no-tuition policies for their community college

32、s.The logic behind these efforts is well explained by Oregon State Senator Mark Hass : " I think everybody agrees that with a high school education by itself, there is no path to the middle class.There is only one path, and it leads to poverty.And poverty is very expensive.”Hass may overstate t

33、he case slightly.Despite the lack of good blue-collar jobs in our country jobs that would firmly establish a worker in what ' s left of the middle class and provide paid vacation , a pension, and health insurancea high school graduate might still piece together enough work to keep himself more o

34、r less above the poverty line , even though access to the true a American Dream " will still be very difficult.But the second part of Hass ' s argument is undeniable.Our failure to educate ourselves to our full potential is very expensive.Hass refers to research from the Oregon University S

35、ystem that indicates that Oregonians with only a high school degree make less money and , therefore, pay fewer taxes than those with college degrees.They are also more likely to require food stamps and other sorts of public assistance.Republicans and Democrats agree on this.Clearly , the closer we c

36、ome to reaching our full educational capacity , as individuals and as a nation, the less likely we are to become criminals and prisoners.In fact , it' s hard to think of a social ill that ' s unlikely to be improved by more education.But, of course, there' s no such thing as “free colleg

37、e” . The taxpayers have to come up with the money.But, would our country be better off if all students had a real opportunity to push their educational capacities to the limit ? Of course.There are long-term social benefits that ideology fools us into believing are unattainable.But versions of these

38、 goods and others have been achieved elsewhere, and they could be achieved in the United States as well.They may require some remedy（矯正，補救）to our nation' s unfair redistribution of wealth in the direction of the already-wealthy , but more equality in income and wealth would be a healthy step , a

39、s well.So, good for you, Oregon and Tennessee.Most of the world' s problems come from ignorance, intolerance, greed and backwardness.Education is a very important remedy. 語篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。美國大學教育學費高漲，導致畢業(yè)生債臺高筑，甚至一些有才華的學生根本上不起大學。據(jù)美聯(lián)社(the Associated Press)的報道，俄勒岡州和田納西州正 在考慮實施免費社區(qū)大學政策的可能性。本文作者分析了大學教育對社會

40、的影響，并表明了 對此做法的態(tài)度。7. What' s the problem with the current college education?A . It can ' t prepare students for a promising future.B . It fails to recognize and admit talented students.C. It becomes less accessible to students financially.D. It lacks a set of evaluating criteria for students.

41、答案 C解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句和第二段的內(nèi)容可知，高等教育學費越來越貴，大學畢業(yè)生負債多，甚至很多有才華的學生負擔不起上大學的費用。在經(jīng)濟上讓學生難以接近,這就是大學教育目前存在的問題。故選 C項。8. According to the passage, a graduate with only a high school degree will .A. likely become an established workerB . have no means to make a livingC. never be a member of middle classD. find i

42、t hard to realize American Dream答案 D解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第二句可知，好的藍領(lǐng)工作很少，中學畢業(yè)生可能要獲取足夠的工作才能讓自己生活在貧困線之上，而實現(xiàn)真正的美國夢仍然十分困難。故選D項。9. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Poor people are a costly burden to society.B . Poor families can ' t afford schooling.C. Education for poor children

43、 is expensive.D. Poverty is related to high education fees.答案 A解析 句意猜測題。根據(jù)第七段第三、四句可知，中學畢業(yè)的人比大學畢業(yè)的人掙錢少，交稅少，而且他們更有可能要求獲得食物救濟和其他的社會援助。因此，畫線部分是指窮人給 社會帶來高昂的負擔。故選A項。10 What s the purpose of the author writing this passage?A To describe the long-term plans for education.B To argue for free higher education

44、.C To explain the importance of education.D To fight against unfair wealth distribution.答案 B解析 寫作意圖題。在文章開頭作者提及，面對大學學費貴所導致的一系列問題，俄勒岡州和田納西州正在考慮實施免費社區(qū)大學政策的可能性。在文章結(jié)尾，作者通過分析論證后，為這兩個州叫好?？梢?，作者的寫作目的是贊成免費的高等教育，故選B 項。D（2017南京、鹽城一模）Dad and I loved baseball and hated sleep.One midsummer dawn when I was nine ， w

45、e drove to the local park with our baseballs ， gloves， and Yankees caps.“ If you thought night baseball was a thrill ， just wait ，” Dad told me. “ Morning air carries the ball like you ve never seen.”He was right.Our fastballs charged faster and landed more lightly.The echoes of our catches popped a

46、s the sun rose over the dew-sprinkled fields.The park was all ours for about two hours.Then a young mother pushed her stroller toward us.When she neared， Dad politely leaned over the stroller ， waved， and gave the baby his best smile.The mother stared at him for a second ， and then rushed away.Dad c

47、overed his mouth with his hand and walked to the car.“ Let s go， bud，” he said.“ I m not feeling well. ”A month earlier , Bell' s palsy（貝爾氏神經(jīng)麻痹 ）had struck Dad , paralyzing the right side of his face.It left him slurring words and with a droopy eyelid.He could hardly drink from a cup without spi

48、lling onto his shirt.And his smile ， which once eased the pain of playground cuts and burst forth at the mention of Mick Jagger ， Woody Allen ， or his very own Yankees， was gone.As I slumped in the car ， I began suspecting that our sunrise park visit wasn t about watching daylight lift around us.Thi

49、s was his effort to avoid stares.It was a solemn drive home.After that day ， Dad spent more time indoors.He left the shopping ， driving ， and Little League games to Mom.A freelance editor , he turned our dining room into his office and buried himself in manuscripts.He no longer wanted to play catch.

50、At physical therapy , Dad obeyed the doctor： ”Now smile as wide as you can.Now lift your right cheek with your hand.Now try to whistle.”O(jiān)nly the sound of blowing air came out.My earliest memories were of Dad whistling to Frank Sinatra or Bobby McFerrin.He always whistled.He had taught me to whistle

51、too.Of the roughly 40,000 Americans suffering Bell ' s palsy every year, most recover in several weeks.Other cases take a few months to heal.But after nine weeks of therapy , the doctor confessed she couldn' t help Dad."I' ve never seen anything like this , " she told him after

52、 his final session.Then she handed him the bill.Dad coped through humor.He occasionally grabbed erasable markers and drew an even-sided wide smile across his face.Other times , he practiced his Elvis impersonation , joking that his curled lips allowed him to perfect his performance of “ Hound Dog &q

53、uot;.By the time I entered fourth grade that September , Dad could blink his right eye and speak clearly again.But his smile still hadn ' t returned.So I made a secret vow : I would abstain from smiles of any kind.Nothing about fourth grade made this easy.Classmates were both old enough to laugh

54、 about pop culture and young enough to appreciate fart jokes.Kids called me Frowny the Dwarf.(I was three foot ten.) Teachers accompanied me into hallways, asking what was wrong.Breaking the promise I had made myself was tempting . but I couldn ' t let Dad not smile alone.When I asked my PE coac

55、h , "What' s so great about smiling ? ” He made me do push-ups while the rest of the class played Wiffle ball.Then he called Dad.I never learned what they discussed.But when I got off the school bus that afternoon , I saw Dad waiting for me , holding our gloves and ball.For the first time i

56、n months , we got in the family car and went to the park for a catch."It' s been too long, “ he said.Roughly a half-dozen fathers and sons lined the field with gloved arms in the air.Dad couldn' t smile , but he beamed, and so did I . Sundown came quickly.The field ' s white lights

57、glowed , and everyone else left.But Dad and I threw everything from curve balls to folly floaters into the night.We had catching up to do.語篇解讀本文是記敘文。貝爾氏神經(jīng)麻痹奪走了作者父親的微笑，作者立誓放棄微笑，直至父親“重獲微笑”。11 Why did Dad choose to play baseballs one summer dawn?A . They could perform better in the morning.B . He tried to escape others' attention to his face.C. Morning air was more suitable for playing baseball.D. The park was empty and they could enjoy themselves.答案 B解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段第一句 "A month earlier , Bell'