英語九大詞性歸納(共10頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上 九大詞性1. noun(n.) 名詞：to describe a person or thing英語中的名詞根據(jù)是否可數(shù)又分為可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞。（1）可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞規(guī)則變化：規(guī)則變化構成方法例詞一般情況加-s如：pens、girls 以“s, x, ch, sh”結尾加-es如：bus-buses、box-boxes Watch-watchesdish-dishes以輔音字母+y結尾變y改i再加es如：baby-babies、family-families以元音字母+y結尾加-s如：boy-boys、day-days以輔音字母+o結尾加-es如：potatoes、

2、tomatoes以元音字母+o結尾加-s如：photos以f或fe 結尾的變f或fe為v再加es如：half-halves、wife-wives thief-thieves可數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則變化A、單復數(shù)同形：deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep B、詞尾發(fā)生變化：ox-oxen child-childrenC、內部單詞發(fā)生變化：foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese woman-women man-men mouse-mice policeman-policemenD、表示某國人時,中日不變,英法變,其他國家加s：(1)Chinese-Chi

3、nese Japanese-Japanese (2)Frenchman- Frenchmen Englishman- Englishmen (3)German-Germans Russian-Russians Americans 特殊情況i. 另一些名詞本身即是復數(shù)形式，不可用作單數(shù)。如：people，police，trousers，pants，clothes，scissorsii. 有些名詞以s結尾，但不是復數(shù)形式，如：news，maths，physics，politicsiii. 有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞又是不可數(shù)名詞，如：room(空間)a room(房間) work(工作)works(著作

4、)(2)不可數(shù)名詞：（前面不能用a,an等來修飾）到目前為止我們所學的不可數(shù)名詞有：A 液體類: water：juice,tea , soup ,milk,cola,coffeeB 肉類: meat，beef, pork, muttonC 粉末類：breadD 抽象名詞類news,information,money,advice,friendship,work,homework,housework schoolwork ,help ,fun,health,priceE 食物類: food, broccoli, rice, porridge, junk food ,tofu不可數(shù)名詞計

5、量的表達:A個數(shù)單位詞：piece （張、片、塊、條）,如：a piece of newsB 容器單位詞：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）如：a bottle of milkC 類別單位詞：kind( 種、類) D 度量衡單位詞：kilo(千克、公斤) 翻譯下面的詞組:1.兩杯咖啡: 2.四塊面包: 3. 七袋大米： 4. 八只鹿： 5.一滴水： 6.三個男孩： (3)名詞所有格（翻譯為：的）：構成方法例句一般在有生命名詞后加s構成 Lindas desk若以s結尾復數(shù)名詞，則在s后加s，若不是以s結尾復數(shù)名詞，則加sthe boys friends the children

6、s day表示幾個人共同的東西，只在最后一個人后加sLucy and Lilys mother表示幾個人都分別有的東西，則每個人都加sLucys and Lilys book表示時間、距離的名詞可以加s 或 構成所有格形式Todays newspaperFifteen minutes walk表示某人的家、店鋪、診所時，常省略所有格后面的名詞at my uncles=at my uncles home表示無生命事物的所有關系：一般用.of.結構來表示無生命的名詞所有格：a map of China 中國地圖 the name of the film 書的封面the cover of the b

7、ook 電影的名字 用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空：1The two girls are ( Japan ) 2. The ( baby ) are asleep 3. Do you know the two ( man teacher ) ?當一個名詞作定語說明另一個名詞時，這個名詞一般用單數(shù)。eg.an apple tree，five apple trees，a girl friend，two girl friends，a twin sister但是，當man和woman作定語修飾復數(shù)名詞時，就要用其復數(shù)形式。eg.two men teachers，three women doctors4.

8、 The ( child ) are washing their ( foot ) .5.There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields .6. September 10 is ( teacher ) Day .7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than maths 8. Dont you think the ( radio ) are too noisy ?9. Whose ( knife )are these ?10. “ Whose house is this ?”

9、 “ Its the ( Smith )” . 2. verb(v.) 動詞eg. do, make, go, take, bring英語中動詞根據(jù)其后是否可以加賓語又分為：Vt. (及物動詞） eg. speak, give, singVi. (不及物動詞） eg. run, work英語中動詞有5中形態(tài)：原形，形式，過去式，過去分詞（用于完成時或被動語態(tài)中），現(xiàn)在分詞do does did done doingwork works worked worked workingI動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化(三單變化)規(guī)則變化動詞原形三單變化直接+shelp/makehelps/makes以字母s

10、/x/ch/sh為結尾+esguess/wash/watchguesses/washes/watches以“輔音字母+y”為結尾，變y為i+esstudy/carry/flystudies/carries/flies以o為結尾的部分單詞+esdo/godoes/goes特殊變化havehasII. 動詞過去式和過去分詞變化 (1) 規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化動詞原形過去式和過去分詞直接+edwork/call/wantworked/called/wanted以“輔音字母+y”為結尾，變y為i+edstudy/try/carrystudied/tried /carried重讀閉音節(jié)元音+輔音結尾+edst

11、op/planstopped/planned以字母e為結尾+dlive/hopelived/hoped(2) 不規(guī)則變化需要單獨記憶 III 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式變化規(guī)則變化動詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞直接+inghelp/workhelping/working以e為結尾，去e加ingmake/movemaking/moving重讀閉音節(jié)元音+輔音結尾+ingget/begingetting/beginning以ie為結尾，變ie為y+inglie/die/tielying/dying/tying時態(tài)（找時間標志詞）： 一般現(xiàn)在時：n 結構：am / is / are play / playsn 判斷：so

12、metimes, often, usually, always, every, 在if / as soon as等復合句中,主將從現(xiàn)1. If you_ hard, you will pass the exam. A. studies B. study C. will study D. is studying 現(xiàn)在進行時：n 結構： am / is /are playingn 判斷： Look, Listen, now, Wheres sb？n 典型例題：1. -Where s mom? I want to go shopping with her. -She_ in the bedroom.

13、 A. reads B. read C. is reading D. has read一般過去時：n 結構： was / were playedn 判斷： yesterday, last, ago及語境.n 典型例題：1. -You look tired. What did you do yesterday? -I _ till night. A. works B. worked 一般將來時：n 結構： will playn 判斷： tomorrow, next及語境, 在if /as soon as等主從復合句中,主將從現(xiàn) . n 典型例題：1. She _ me as soon as sh

14、e gets there. A. calls B. call C. called D. will call過去進行時：n 結構： was /were playingn 判斷： at that time, at this time ,yesterday , by+過去時間, by the end of+過去時間 常用于帶有when/ while 的主從復合句中. n 典型例題：1. Mom_ in the kitchen when I got home. A. cooks B. cook C. was cooking D. cooked2. I_ my homework at this time

15、 yesterday . A. did B. do C. will do D. was doing現(xiàn)在完成時（動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）：n 結構： has / have playedn 判斷： just, already, yet, ever, never, so far（到目前為止） 次數(shù)(once,twice) since+時間點, for + 時間段, how long n 典型例題：1. He_ in the factory for two years. A. works B. worked C. is working D. has worked被動語態(tài)，（主語與謂語構成被動關系）：主語

16、+be(am/is/was/were/will be)+done如： The hole should  (dig) deep enough. The students (tell) to clean the classroom.情態(tài)動詞（can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared)敢 , need等,另外,have to、had better也當作情態(tài)動詞使用）后加動詞原形(1)A    Tom _ (come) from America.&

17、#160;Now he       (teach) English in a middle school in Beijing. In his free time, he would like _ _ (go) in for a traditional sport so that he can        (learn) more about Chinese.     

18、60;                                                 

19、60;          B    Now, people use satellites   to do many things. So far, man        (invent) four kinds of satellites. One of them        (use) to st

20、udy the weather.    (2)A    Henry, a 14-year-old boy, used  (be )too fat to play sports. He went to the doctor and        (tell) to have a balanced diet. So he tried _ _ (not eat) too much meat or sugar because they might make him

21、 get heavier. Now he isnt fat at all. He does sports every day and        (become) a member of the school soccer team. Next week Henry will take part in the school sports meet.B    My mother is very kind and easygoing, she helps me a lot. I 

22、;       (take) good care of in mydaily life by her. When Im in trouble, she always encourages me to face my difficulties. With her help, I       (become) a top student in my class already. I believe she     

23、60; (be) proud of me in the near future.3. adjective(adj.)形容詞eg. good, beautiful, nice, happy, long英語中形容詞有兩種形式：比較級和最高級 eg. good- better- best nice- nicer- nicest1.比較級、最高級的構成一般在詞尾加er或estgreat-greatergreatest以e結尾的只加r或stnicenicer-nicest以輔音字母加y結尾的，先變y為i，再加e或esheavyheavierheaviest easyeasiereas

24、iest busybusierbusiest funnyfunnierfunniestearlyearlierearliest以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的詞，先雙寫最末的一個輔音字母，再加er或estbigbiggerbiggest， thinthinnerthinnest，fatfatterfattest，fitfitterfittest音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞，前加more為比較級，加(the)most為最高級carefulmore carefulmost carefulusefulmore usefulmost usefulpopularmore popularmost popular不規(guī)則變化的詞go

25、odwellbetterbestbadillbadlyworseworstmanymuchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolderelderoldest(指年齡大小)eldest(指長幼順序)farfartherfurtherfarthest(指距離)furthest(指程度) 2.形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級的用法 (形容詞最高級前面要加定冠詞the)(1)形容詞和副詞比較級的用法用于兩者比較，表示“比更”（than前加比較級）：eg.I am two years older than my little sister.用于兩者之間的同級比較，表示“和一樣”（ as+原級

26、+as）：eg.Bill is as funny as his father.表示甲在某方面不如乙：“A+系動詞+not +asso+形容i司原級+as十B”（as/so+原級+as） eg.These books arent as interesting as those.表示某個范圍內的三者相比：“the+最高級+of短語(比較范圍)+復數(shù)名詞”eg.Penny is the tallest of these girls. .Penny是這些女孩中最高的一個。表示“越來越”：“比較級+and+比較級”eg.In spring the days are getting longer and

27、longer.在春天，白天變得越來越長。表示“越越”：“the+比較級the+比較級”eg.The mort：you practice using English，the better youll learn it你英語練得越多，就會學得越好。在比較級中，為了避免重復，可用that或those代替前面提到過的事情。The pants in this shop are a lot better than those(=the pants) in that shop.這家商店的褲子比那家商店的褲子質量好得多。4. adverb(adv.)副詞eg. fast, quickly, badly, we

28、ll, happily及頻率副詞：much，(a)little，a bit，very，so，too英語中副詞也有兩種形式：比較級和最高級 eg. fast-faster-fatest 副詞可修飾動詞與形容詞，分別放在動詞之后，形容詞前。Eg:She speaks English well.He has a very nice watch.(1)About 20 minutes later, Lizzie managed to (success) pull herself(2) The river was so polluted that it _ _ (actual) caught fire

29、and burned.(3)If so, you can (simple) do some online shopping.(4)They were (extreme) close!5. pronoun(pron.)代詞eg. this, that, it, she, he, I, you, they 英語中代詞有：，指示代詞人稱代詞又有主格和，形容詞性物主代詞和 I是主格作主語，一般位于句首。my 是形容詞性物主代詞，用于名詞前作定語：我的，如：my bookme的賓格形式，位于動詞后作賓語，如： you understand me?你懂我嗎？mine 是名詞性物主代詞，相當于my+名詞的意

30、義如：It is mine=it is my book. Mine is missing=my pen is missing.主格IyouhesheItweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsourYourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineYourshishersitsoursyoursTheirs帶有反身代詞的常用短語。 teach oneself自學 help oneself to隨便吃些吧learn.by oneself自學 enjoy oneself過得愉快不定代詞（1）each"每個各個”(強調個體)（2

31、）every"每個各個”(強調全體)（3）both表示兩者“都”(強調全體)（4）all“全體大家一切”用于三者以上（5）either“兩者之一”，用于兩者(強調個體)（either of）（6）neither“兩個都不”，用于否定兩者。（neither of）（7）none“沒有一個人物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可數(shù)名詞（none of+可數(shù)名詞）（8）one用來代替前面剛提到的一個東西或一個人，以免重復；復數(shù)ones用來代替前面提到的一些物或一些人（9）few(+復數(shù)名詞)，little(+不可數(shù)名詞)表示“沒多很少”(表否定)。afew(+復數(shù)名詞)，alittle(+不可數(shù)名

32、詞)表示“有一些有幾個”(表肯定)。（10）1. onethe other 表示兩個人或兩件東西中的“一個另一個” 2. one another 表示不定數(shù)目中的“一個”與“另個”。3. one the others 強調在一定范圍中的“一個”與“其余的”。 4. some the others 表“一部分”與“其余的全部”。疑問代詞(1) whowhom誰(指人).(2) whose誰的（作定語）(3) which哪一個，哪一些（指人或物）(4) what什么（指物）6. preposition(prep.)介詞eg. in, on, by, at, under, behind, from,

33、 to, for, with,介詞為英語中的小詞，但它們的作用可大著呢！7. numeral(num.)數(shù)詞eg. one, two, three, first, sencond, third數(shù)詞分為和兩類注意下列變化：(1)不規(guī)則變化onefirst，twosecond，threethird，fivefifth，eighteighth，nineninth，twelve-twelfih(2)以y結尾的十位整數(shù)，變y為ie再加thtwentytwentieth， fortyfortieth， ninetyninetieth8. conjunction(conj.)連詞eg. and, but,

34、because, so, after, before，then,連詞連接兩個句子，并能表示兩個句子之間的關系I 從屬連詞(用來引導從句) 引導時間狀語從句： after，before，when，while，as，until，till，since，as soon as引導原因狀語從句：because，as，since引導目的狀語從句：so that，in order that 為了引導結果狀語從句：so that，sothat，such.that 以至于9. article(art.)冠詞 英語中冠詞共3個，分為兩類：不定冠詞a an、定冠詞the （選擇時可選擇代入翻譯）如：23Look at

35、 _  horse over there   Aa       Ban        Cthe      D 25There is _  old woman in the car   A      Bthe       Ca    

36、;    Dan 不定冠詞：a an“一個”文章第一次提到的人或事物表示“每(個)”，相當于every。(twice a week.=twice every week) 定冠詞：the“那個”文章第二次提到的人或事物用在形容最高級和部分比較級前。the taller用在序數(shù)詞前。the second day of a week用在世界上獨一無二的事物前(如太陽、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。the earth在某些形容詞前，表示類人或物。therich(富人)，the poor(窮人)，the deaf(聾人)，the blind(盲人)，the dead(死

37、者)，the wounded(傷員)用在樂器前。Play the piano不用冠詞的情況：在球類運動和棋類游戲前時不用冠詞。.play basketballsoccerchess在三餐前不用冠詞。have breakfastlunchsupperdinner在人名、地名、節(jié)假日、星期、月份前不用。Tina，China， New Years Day，Tuesday，January在學科和節(jié)目名稱前不用冠詞。My favorite is English.在某些固定搭配中不用冠詞。eg.at noon， at work，at home，by bus, by air，on foot，from morning till night，at nig