英語(yǔ)句子分類講解與專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、句子The Sentences知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：句子按使用的目的可分為四類：1、陳述句2、疑問(wèn)句3、祈使句4、感嘆句從結(jié)構(gòu)上看句子可分為三種類型：1、簡(jiǎn)單句2、并列句3、復(fù)合句一、句子的種類（Kinds of Sentences）1、陳述句：（1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我們熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)。（2）否定句：They dont go to work on Sundays. 他們星期日不上班。說(shuō)明：敘述或否定一個(gè)事實(shí)或看法。2、疑問(wèn)句：（1）一般疑問(wèn)句：Are you a worker? 你是個(gè)工人嗎？Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。Havent you seen the f

2、ilm? No, I havent. 你沒(méi)看過(guò)這部電影嗎？沒(méi)看過(guò)。說(shuō)明：以一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞be開(kāi)始的問(wèn)句?；卮鹨脃es或no。（2）特殊疑問(wèn)句：Who is the man? 這人是誰(shuí)？When do you watch TV? 你什么時(shí)間看電視？What are they doing now? 他們現(xiàn)在正在干什么？說(shuō)明：以一個(gè)疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞開(kāi)頭的句子一般要用倒裝句語(yǔ)序（或稱為疑問(wèn)詞加一般疑問(wèn)句）（3）選擇疑問(wèn)句：Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水還是要咖啡？哪種都行。Does he learn Japanese or

3、 French? He learns French. 他學(xué)日語(yǔ)還是學(xué)法語(yǔ)？他學(xué)法語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明：提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的情況，選擇一個(gè)作為答案。（4）反意疑問(wèn)句：They are going to the airport, arent they? 他們要去機(jī)場(chǎng)，是嗎？You havent finished your homework, have you? 你沒(méi)做完作業(yè)，是嗎？說(shuō)明：提出情況或看法問(wèn)對(duì)方是否同意。在陳述句后附加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的疑問(wèn)句，即前面句子肯定，后為否定；前面句子否定，后為肯定。He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十點(diǎn)鐘上床睡覺(jué)？是嗎？He k

4、nows little Russian, does he? 他幾乎不懂俄語(yǔ)，是嗎？說(shuō)明：當(dāng)陳述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意義的副詞時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句用肯定形式。3.祈使句：a陳述句：Be sure to get there at eight. 八點(diǎn)鐘一定要到那兒。b否定句：Dont worry. Ill help you out. 別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)幫助你的。說(shuō)明：表示命令，請(qǐng)求，叮囑，號(hào)召等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。4.感嘆句：感嘆句通常有what, how引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、等感情。what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞，副詞或動(dòng)詞，感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要

5、有以下幾種： 掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感嘆句的重點(diǎn)。 How +形容詞+ a +名詞+ 陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！ How+形容詞或副詞+陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛頭真可愛(ài)！ What +名詞+陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：What noise they are making! 他們真吵！ What +a/an+形容詞+名詞+陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！ What+ 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have

6、）! 我們的主意真棒！ What+ 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！ What a clever boy he is!的省略形式為：What a clever boy!what + n.：What great changes we have had these years! 這幾年我們有了多么大的變化啊！What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！how + adj.：How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！how + adv. ：How hard they are working! 他們工作多努力呀！How

7、 time flies! 時(shí)間過(guò)得多么快呀！How + adj. + a (an) + n.How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊！說(shuō)明：表示說(shuō)話時(shí)驚異，喜悅，氣忿等情緒。what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞、副詞或句子。二、句子的類型（Types of Sentences）1、簡(jiǎn)單句的句子的類型：一個(gè)主語(yǔ)+一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，例：The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天彈鋼琴。兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)+一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，例：Tom and I are good friends. 湯姆和我是好朋友。一個(gè)主語(yǔ)+兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，

8、例：He opened the door and left. 他打開(kāi)門出去了。兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)或兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或更多，例：Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends. 史密斯夫婦去市場(chǎng)，買了些水果，并看望了朋友。結(jié)構(gòu)特殊：只含有一個(gè)詞或一個(gè)詞組，例：Hello! 喂！Help! Help! 救命啊！救命！Many thanks. 萬(wàn)分感謝。2、簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：S + Vi.，例：Birds fly.

9、鳥(niǎo)飛They disappeared. 他們消失了。（2）主 + 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)：S + V + P，例：She is a university student. 她是一名大學(xué)生。He has become a pilot. 他已成為一名飛行員。（3）主 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)：S + Vt + O，例：He likes swimming. 他喜歡游泳。We help each other. 我們互相幫助。（4）主 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)：S + Vt + O + O，例：I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。They

10、sent us a telegram. 他們給我們拍了電報(bào)。（5）主 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：S + Vt + O + C，例：They named the boy Jack. 他們給孩子起名叫杰克。I want everything ready by eight oclock. 我要求一切都要在八點(diǎn)前準(zhǔn)備好。注：S = Subject（主語(yǔ)）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物動(dòng)詞）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物動(dòng)詞）P=Predicative（表語(yǔ)）O=Object（賓語(yǔ)）C=Complement補(bǔ)語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：否定陳述句要注意下列幾點(diǎn)：（1）否定陳述句

11、主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 構(gòu)成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意義的副詞也可構(gòu)成否定陳述句。常用的詞有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。（2）其他成分的否定形式有些句子的結(jié)構(gòu)上屬于肯定式，但含有否定意義的詞，可分以下幾種。否定的主語(yǔ)：Nobody will agree with you. 沒(méi)人同意你的意見(jiàn)。None of the students like the novel. 沒(méi)有學(xué)生喜歡這本小說(shuō)。No student here studies Russian. 這里沒(méi)有一個(gè)學(xué)

12、生學(xué)俄語(yǔ)。否定的賓語(yǔ)：We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我們什么都看不見(jiàn)。He will borrow the book from nobody. 他從誰(shuí)那都借不來(lái)這本書(shū)。You must remember not to be late for class. 你必須記住上課不準(zhǔn)遲到。否定的狀語(yǔ)：They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是騎車來(lái)的而是走著來(lái)的。We could find him nowhere. 我們什么地方也找不到他。（3）不定代詞all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定

13、句時(shí)，表示部分否定。All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. )這里的樹(shù)并非都是蘋(píng)果樹(shù)。（有的是蘋(píng)果樹(shù)，有的不是。）Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.)這姐兒倆并不都是護(hù)士。Everybody cant do it. (= Not everybody can do it. )并不是人人都能做這件事?！緦ｍ?xiàng)訓(xùn)練】：一、陳述句和疑問(wèn)句：1、Theyhappy

14、when they hear the news. AwillBwill beCwereDdont2、 “ Is your uncle a driver?” “.” ANo, but my aunt isBYes, but my anut isCNo, he doesntDYes, he does3、Wesatisfied with their work.AdontBare notCwontDwerent being4、Hecoffee at all. Hetea.Adoesnt like, prefersBlikes, doesnt preferCwould like, not prefers

15、Dprefers, is not fond of5、Sheme only twice since last year.AseesBwas seeingChas seenDhave seen6、My grandmain the country. Now shein the city.Aused to live, livesBused to living, livedCuses to live, is livingDwas used to live, lives7、Youmake such mistakes again.Ashould neverBshould not alwaysCwould a

16、lways notDwould not forever8、 “Can you drive a car?” “.”AYes, and Jim cant tooBYes, but Jim cantCNo, but Jim can, tooDNo, but Jim cant9、 “Are you going to the super market?” “ No, .”AI cycle thereBI walk thereCto the workDIve already been there10、In England teawith milk or sugar in it.Ausually drink

17、sBis usually drunkCusually is drunkDdrank usually11、 “Is she going to the post office?” “No, .”Ashe doesntBshe goes by bikeCto the shopsDshes on the bike12、Tomlike reading at all. Heinterested in playing basketball.Adoesnt, isBdoesnt, wereCis, doesDwas, is13、Whenhome from work?Ado your parents comeB

18、does your parents comeChave your parentsDour parents come14、Which of the studentsthe examination?Anot passBdidnt passCpassDdidnt passed15、Theytrouble lifting the heavy box.Adidnt have manyBhadnt a lot ofCdidnt have muchDhavent a great deal of16、 “Did you have breakfast this morning? “.”AYes, I hadBY

19、es, I didCNo, I hadntDNo, I didnt have.17、colour is the cover of the dictionary?AWhatBWhichCHowDWhose18、 “does he brush his teeth a day?” “Twice.”AWhat timeBHow longCWhenDHow many times19、There are many pictures on the wall.do you like best?AWhatBWhich oneCWhich of the pictureDWhich one picture20、Si

20、nce whenher?Adid you knowBhave you knownCdo you knowDyou know21、 “That ten pound note belongs to me.” “.”AYes, it isBYes, it belongsCNo it doesntDNo, it isnt22、 “Would you rather wait or come back later?” “.”AId rather come backBYes, Id rather not waitCNo, Id rather waitDto come back23、 “shoes do yo

21、u take?” “Size 42.”AWhich numberBWhat numberCWhat sizeDWhat 24、 “is the weather like today?” “ Its windy.”AWhatBHowCWhat kindDWhich25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, ?Aif haveBif anyCif everDif not26、is the distance between these two villages?AHow farBWhatCHow longDHow much27

22、、do you go to the cinema? Twice a month.AHow many timeBHow muchCHow longDHow often28、Howit in English?Ayou sayBdo you speakCdo you sayDto speak29、is the population of the city?AHow muchBHow manyCHowDWhat30、did she get this information?AWhomBWhoCWhereDWhat31、does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan.AHo

23、w manyBWhat priceCWhatDHow expensive32、Aboutdo you want to know more?AWhomBwhoCwhichDwhat33、We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you supposeto her.Awas happeningBto happenChas happenedDhaving happened34、Have you heard the news about Jim?No. What?Ais itBit isCare theyDthey are35、Would yo

24、u rather go there by train or by air? .AYes, I wouldBNo, I wouldntCYes, by airDBy air36、I go oryou go yourself?AWillwillBShallshallCShallwillDWillshall37、Do you think the question easy or not? .AYes, I doBNo, I dontCIt is easyDYes, its easy38、Shall we stay at home orto the park?Ato goBgoingCgoDwill

25、go39、writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?AWhicheverBWhetherCWhatDWhich40、was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic?It was open to traffic in 1968.AWhatBWhat timeCHow longDWhen二、感嘆句、祈使句41、from Beijing to London!AHow long way it isBWhat a long way it isCWhat a long w

26、ay is itDHow long a way is it42、Oh, John, you gave us!AHow a pleasant surpriseBHow pleasant surpriseCWhat a pleasant surpriseDWhat pleasant surprise43、terrible weather weve been having these days!AHow aBWhat aCHowDWhat44、girl she is!AWhat bright aBHow a brightCHow bright anDWhat a bright45、we have t

27、oday?AHow fine dayBWhat fine dayCHow a fine dayDWhat a fine day46、Howflowers are!AbeautifulBbeautifullyCbeautiful theDbeautiful that47、How!Adoes time flyBtimes flyCtime fliesDflies time48、Whatwork he does!AharderBhardChardlyDhardest49、careful our monitor is!AHow aBHowCWhat aDWhat50、advice he gave us

28、!AWhat aBHow goodCWhat goodDHow51、picture it is!AWhat wonderfulBHow a wonderfulCWhat wonderful aDHow wonderful a52、I wish to pay a visit to Hongkong!AHow doBWhat doCWhatDHow53、hardworking students they are!AWhatBWhat aCWhat anDHow54、long time it lasted!AWhatBWhat aCHowDHow a55、down the radio. The ba

29、bys sleeping in the next room.ATurningBTo turnCTurnDTurned56、Letsfootball in the street.Anot to playBnot playCdont playDnot playing57、careful when you cross the street.ADont beBDo beCBeingDDo58、the childall day long!ALet, not to cryBNot let, cryCDont let, to cryDDont let, cry59、afraid of make mistak

30、es!ADont beBNot to beCNot beingDBe not60、me again before coming.ACallingBTo callCDo callingDCall三、反意疑問(wèn)句61、Youd like some coffee, ?Awerent youBwouldnt youChadnt youDshouldnt you62、I dont think he will come to the meeting, ?Awill heBwont heCdo IDam I63、Harry and his brother promised to work harder, .A

31、do theyBdont theyCdid theyDdidnt they64、His father knows little about it, he?AdoesBdoesntCis heDisnt65、We all like reading story books, ?Ado weBdo youCdont weDdont you66、My sister seldom goes to the theatreshe?AdoesntBdoesCisDisnt67、Your fatherpromised to buy a computer for you, he?Aoften, didBnever

32、, didntCalready, didDnever, did68、Be sure to write to us, ?Awill youBarent youCwould youDcan you69、Dont smoke in the meeting room, you?Ado youBwill youCwouldDcan70、Its fine today. Lets go fishing, ? Awill weBshall weCdo weDdont we71、Mary has few friend in Japan, she?AhasBdontCdoesntDhasnt72、There is

33、 a beautiful lake in this city, ?Aisnt itBisnt thereCis itDhasnt it73、There is nothing wrong with my bike, ?Ais itBisnt thereCisnt itDis there74、He comes late sometimes, ?Aisnt heBcomes heCdoesnt heDis he75、You are not a new comer, are you?. I came here only yesterday.ANo, I amBYes, I amCNo, Im notD

34、Yes, Im not.76、She could hardly believe it,?Acouldnt sheBcould sheCdidnt sheDdid she77、You neednt go, ?Acan youBmust youCneed youDmay you78、You must work hard from now on, ?Acan youBwont youCmustnt youDneednt you79、After walking so long a way, you must have been tired, you?AwereBhave ChaventDmustnt8

35、0、He must have left home yesterday, he?AhasntBdidntCmustntDneednt81、You dont think Im going out in such wet weather, ?Aam IBdo youCdont youDdo I82、Youd better call in a doctor for your mother, you?AhadBwouldChadntDwouldnt83、You need to come earlier, you?Adont youBneedntCdontDwont84、You dare not go a

36、lone, you?AdontBdoCdareDdarent85、He shouldnt drink so much, he?AshouldBoughtCwouldDwill86、Nothing can stop us doing that, ?Acan weBcant weCcant itDcan it87、Im late for the meeting, ?Aamnt IBarent ICdont IDarent you88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class, ?Adoes heBdoesnt heCdo theyDdont they89、None of the workers attended the party, ?Adid theyBdid heCdidnt heDdidnt they90、Everything is right here, ?Aisnt itBarent