大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用(閱讀)模擬試卷試題280-(1)

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷280(總分：60.00，做題時(shí)間：90分鐘)一、 Reading Comprehension(總題數(shù)：6，分?jǐn)?shù)：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）_解析：2.Section C（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）_解析：How does food affect mood and mind The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurotransmitters (神經(jīng)傳遞素) a

2、re chemical messengers. They carry a nerve impulse across the gap between nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitter molecules from one neuron and their attachment to receptor sites on another keep a nerve impulse moving. Nerve impulses carry messages from the environment to the brain, for example

3、, the pain you feel when you stub (踢碰) your toe. They also carry messages in the other direction, from the brain to the muscles. That's why you back away from the obstacle that initiated the pain signal and exclaim, "Ouch! " "Many neurotransmitters are built from the foods we eat,

4、" says neuroscientist Eric Chudler of the University of Washington. Too little or too much of a particular nutrient in the diet can affect their production, Chudler says. For example, tryptophan from foods such as yogurt, milk, bananas, and eggs is required for the production of the neurotransm

5、itter serotonin. Phenylalanine from beets, almonds, eggs, meat, and grains goes into making the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dozens of neurotransmitters are known; hundreds may exist. Their effects depend on their amounts and where they work in the brain. The neurotransmitter serotonin, for example, i

6、s thought to produce feelings of calmness, relaxation, and contentment. Drugs that prevent it from being taken again (into the neuron that released it) are prescribed to treat depression. In at least some healthy, nondepressed people, carbohydrate foods seem to enhance serotonin production and produ

7、ce similar effects. "It is the balance between different neurotransmitters that helps regulate mood," Chudler says. Proper nutrition may also enhance brainpower. Choline is a substance similar to the B vitamins. It's found in egg yolks, whole wheat, peanuts, milk, green peas, liver, be

8、ans, seafood, and soybeans. The brain uses it to make the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. To test the effects of choline on memory and learning, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology gave memory tests to college students before increasing the amount of choline in their subjects

9、9; diets. Later, they retested. On the average, memories were better, and the students learned a list of unrelated words more easily.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）(1).The function of neurotransmitters can be best compared to that of_.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.a transport vehicle  B.a protective shield C.a power p

10、lant D.a food factory解析：解析：從第1段第3句末的messenger和第4句中的carryacross可以知道neurotransmitters就像傳遞信息的信使，有“運(yùn)輸、輸送”信息的功能，因此，本題應(yīng)選A。(2).According to the second paragraph, messages sent from the brain to the muscles make you_.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.feel the pain B.stub your toe C.see an obstacle D.excl

11、aim "Ouch" 解析：解析：第2段第3句開(kāi)頭的That's why表明當(dāng)信息從大腦傳到肌肉的時(shí)候，會(huì)使你躲開(kāi)障礙物并發(fā)出“哎喲”的叫聲，D就是這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的其中之一，故為答案。A最具干擾性，因?yàn)閜ain一詞在第3句也有提及，但根據(jù)本段第一句可知A應(yīng)屬于“信息從肌肉傳到大腦”的過(guò)程，和題干中的from the brain to the muscles正好相反，因此，A并不正確。(3).When is depression resulted（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.When the level of serotonin is low. &

12、#160;B.When the level of serotonin is high. C.When serotonin is released from neurons. D.When people eat carbohydrate foods.解析：解析：第4段第5句末的similar effects指的是“同樣可以使人不再情緒低落”，由此可見(jiàn)，本句指出了serotonin的含量高，情緒就不會(huì)低落，反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)，serotonin的含量低就會(huì)導(dǎo)致情緒低落，這就是A的內(nèi)容。C項(xiàng)具有干擾性，但原文并沒(méi)有依據(jù)表明神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞釋放serotonin時(shí)人的情緒就會(huì)低落，故不選。(4).

13、Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology intended to find out_.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.how choline is produced out of foods B.how choline is converted into acetylcholine C.if the improvement of brainpower is related to choline  D.if the improvement of brainpower is relat

14、ed to proper diets解析：解析：最后一段第5句開(kāi)頭的To test the effects of choline on memory and learning明確表明了麻省理工學(xué)院的研究目的是為了找到choline對(duì)學(xué)生記憶和學(xué)習(xí)的影響，記憶和學(xué)習(xí)都與“腦力”有關(guān)，由此可見(jiàn)，C是對(duì)這個(gè)研究目的的正確描述，為本題答案。(5).What is the message the author intends to convey（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.The chemistry of the brain and nervous system. B.The influe

15、nce of foods on our mood and mind.  C.The functions of neurotransmitters. D.The importance of a balanced diet.解析：解析：本文首句提出的問(wèn)題是全文要解答的問(wèn)題，也就是說(shuō)，全文圍繞這個(gè)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)討論，由此可見(jiàn)，本文是為了說(shuō)明食物對(duì)情緒和思維的影響，因此，本題應(yīng)選B。A可以說(shuō)是第1段至第4段的主要內(nèi)容，C是第1段的內(nèi)容，均沒(méi)有全面概括全文內(nèi)容。D中的balanced diet在文中不斷提及，但本文的重點(diǎn)不是為了說(shuō)明均衡飲食的重要性，而是飲食和情緒、思維的關(guān)系。L

16、ike a needle climbing up a bathroom scale, the number keeps rising. In 1991, 15% of Americans were obese (肥胖的); by 1999, that proportion had grown to 27%. Youngsters, who should have age and activity on their side, are growing larger as well: 19% of Americans under 17 are obese. Waistbands have been

17、 popping in other western countries too, as physical activity has declined and diets have expanded. By and large, people in the rich world seem to have lost the fight against flab (松弛). Meanwhile, poorer nations have enjoyed some success in their battles against malnutrition and famine. But, accordi

18、ng to research presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, it is more a case of being out of the frying pan and into the fire. The most striking example actually in the poor world comes from the Pacific islands, home of the world's most obese commu

19、nities. In 1966, 14% of the men on this island were obese while 100% of men under the age of 30 in 1996 were obese. This increase in weight has been uneven as well as fast. As a result, undernourished and over-nourished people frequently live cheek by jowl (面頰). The mix can even occur within a singl

20、e household. A study of families in Indonesia found that nearly 10% contained both the hungry and the fat. This is a mysterious phenomenon, but might have something to do with people of different ages being given different amounts of food to eat. The prospect of heading off these problems is bleak.

21、In many affected countries there are cultural factors to contend with, such as an emphasis on eating large meals together, or on food as a form of hospitality. Moreover, there is a good measure of disbelief on the part of policymakers that such a problem could exist in their countries. Add to that r

22、eluctance on the part of governments to spend resources on promoting diet and exercise while starvation is still a real threat, and the result is a recipe for inaction. Unless something is done soon, it might not be possible to turn the clock back.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）(1).The first sentence of the passage most

23、 probably implies that_.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.many Americans are obsessed with the rising temperature in their bathroom B.more people are overweighed in the United States  C.people are doing more physical exercises with the help of scales D.youngsters become taller and healthier thank

24、s to more activities解析：解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第1段第2句可推斷第1句中的the number是指體重增加的人數(shù)，故答案為B。(2).As physical exercise declines and diet expands, _.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.other western countries has been defeated by fat B.obesity has become an epidemic (流行病) of the rich world  C.waistbands begin to be popular

25、in other western countries D.western countries can no longer fight against obesity解析：解析：推理判斷題。本題需要正確理解借代修飾手法。Waistbands have been popping形象刻畫出其他西方社會(huì)急劇肥胖化的過(guò)程，故答案為B。本題很明顯是考查因果關(guān)系的，第1段倒數(shù)第2句明確指出這個(gè)因果關(guān)系，只要根據(jù)該句做出選擇就可以了。如果看得過(guò)遠(yuǎn)，反而有可能誤選A或D。(3).Which is NOT the point of the example of the Pacific Islands（分

26、數(shù)：2.00） A.The poor community has shaken off poverty and people are well-fed now.  B.Obesity is becoming a problem in the developing world too. C.Excessive weight increase will cause no less harm than the food shortage. D.The problem of overweight emerges very fast.解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)

27、題。此處的例子是證明前一句話的，即But后面的內(nèi)容。同時(shí)，兩個(gè)年份的比較也突出問(wèn)題發(fā)展的迅猛，從而印證下一段的主題句“This increase in weight has been uneven as well as fast”說(shuō)明了貧窮與肥胖是并存的。例子一般是用來(lái)證明緊挨著的前面或后面的論述，此處證明的觀點(diǎn)在之前，其中的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是But后面的內(nèi)容，所以選項(xiàng)A與文中意思不符。注意本題要選的是NOT the point of the example。(4).Of tackling obesity in the poor world, we can learn from the passage

28、 that _.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.the matter is so complex as to go beyond our capacity B.no matter what we do, the prospect will always be bleak C.it is starvation, the real threat, that needs to be solved D.we should take immediate actions before it becomes incurable 解析：解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章最后一句扭

29、轉(zhuǎn)了整段的基調(diào)。作者呼吁解決這一問(wèn)題，前文正是為此作鋪墊，突出問(wèn)題的復(fù)雜性和時(shí)間的緊迫性。(5).What is the main idea of this passage（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.Obesity is now a global problem that needs tackling.  B.The weights increase fast throughout the whole world. C.Obesity and starvation are two main problems in the poor world. D

30、.Obesity has shifted from the rich world to the poor world.解析：解析：主旨大意題。本文話題為obesity，作者從美國(guó)談到所有西方國(guó)家，最后重點(diǎn)討論其在發(fā)展中國(guó)家的最新發(fā)展趨勢(shì)以及種種可能的成因，并強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)當(dāng)盡早解決問(wèn)題，故選項(xiàng)A正確。肥胖問(wèn)題的陣營(yíng)沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)移，只是擴(kuò)大了，故選項(xiàng)D不對(duì)。選項(xiàng)B只是片面信息，沒(méi)有包括最后一段關(guān)于如何解決肥胖問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)C中的starvation并非本文討論的主要話題。On a more mundane (世俗的) level, third-generation mobile telephones, de

31、spite all the delays and the billions squandered on 3G licenses by telecom firms, are still expected to offer consumer highspeed, always-on mobile internet access, complete with video, in the next few years. Rapidly proliferating "wi-fi" (無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)) networks already offer wireless access on a

32、local basis. Tiny tracking chips called radio-frequency identification devices are being used as passports. Soon they will be small, powerful and cheap enough to be implanted into everything. Sensors of every kind, including video cameras, should also become much smaller and cheaper. Forrester Resea

33、rch, a technology consultancy, predicts that 14 billion such devices will be connected to the internet by 2005. How rapidly such new technology is introduced will depend on a number of factorsthe state of the economy, the supply of investment capital and the appetite of consumers for new products or

34、 services! Fortunes will be made and lost many times over. But whatever happens, the power of computing and communications looks set to continue to grow, and its price to fall, at a steady rate for the next few decades. That will make it possible, at least in rich countries, to record most human int

35、eractions, wherever and whenever they take place, and to store and analyze this ocean of data at low cost. For the sake of argument, this survey will assume that we are heading towards a networked society of ubiquitous (到處存在的), mobile communication capable of constant monitoring. Whether this arrive

36、s in 20, 30 or 40 years does not really matter. The point is that the destination seems not merely possible, but probable, so it is not too soon to ask: What do we want this technology to do The internet has already thrown up a host of legal and political problems, but these are only a small foretas

37、te of the dilemmasabout privacy, security, intellectual property and the nature of government itselfthat will have to be faced over the coming decades. The debate has already begun. This survey will outline some of main issues, and speculate on the way they are likely to go.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）(1).At present,

38、 a radio-frequency identification device enables people to _.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.get small, powerful and cheap passports B.get wireless access to the "wi-fi" networks  C.get smaller and cheaper sensors of every kind D.get wireless internet access complete with video解析：解析：第

39、1段第3句中的謂語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)成份表明“無(wú)線電頻率識(shí)別裝置”充當(dāng)“通行證”，結(jié)合該段第2句就可以推斷出，passport指的就是使用無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的通行證，即：有了這種“無(wú)線電頻率識(shí)別裝置”，就等于可以連接到無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)上，由此可見(jiàn)，B為本題答案。(2).According to Forrester Research, _.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.3G mobile phones will be more widely used B.the tiny tracking chips will be more powerful C.the wireless networks wil

40、l provide a wider coverage  D.sensors of every kind will become smaller and cheaper解析：解析：第1段最后一句提到Forrester Research預(yù)測(cè)將有140億個(gè)這樣的設(shè)備連接到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，such devices指的是上文提到的radio-frequency identification devices，即連接無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的通行證。由此可以推測(cè)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的覆蓋面會(huì)更廣，C正確。(3).By saying "its price to fall" (line 4, Para.

41、2), the author means that_.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.the cost of computing and communications will fall B.the cost of new technology will fall  C.the cost of new products will fall D.the cost of recoding human interactions will fall解析：解析：第2段第3句開(kāi)頭的But一詞表明該句與前兩句形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，圍繞的主題都是new technology，

42、本句主要說(shuō)明新技術(shù)發(fā)展的結(jié)果，而且，題干中的its指代的應(yīng)該是單數(shù)名詞，由此可見(jiàn)，最合理的選項(xiàng)為B。A最具干擾性，因?yàn)槠渲械腸omputing and communications與its price距離最近，而且位于同一個(gè)句子里面，但是computing and communications是兩個(gè)事物，its只能代指單數(shù)名詞，由此可排除。(4).Which of the following best describes the problems derived from the internet（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.The internet has helped solve ma

43、ny legal and political problems. B.The internet will produce more than legal and political problems. C.Problems involved with the internet are too complicated to solve.  D.Problems involved with the internet will be solved within decades.解析：解析：最后一段第1句中的dilemmas表明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)引發(fā)的問(wèn)題難以解決，即C表達(dá)

44、的內(nèi)容。(5).The passage is most probably _ of a research paper.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.the introductory part  B.the conclusion part C.the supporting data D.the new findings解析：解析：第3段第1句和最后一段最后一句都表明“本調(diào)查”將要做什么，由此可見(jiàn)，原文介紹了“調(diào)查”展開(kāi)的背景，如果這是一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告的一部分，那它應(yīng)該是開(kāi)頭的介紹部分。由此可見(jiàn)，A為本題答案。Of all the components of

45、 a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud stated that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists (神經(jīng)學(xué)家

46、) had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise". Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain stops thinking logically. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not o

47、nly harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it, change it." The link between dreams and emotions shows up

48、 among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. (In studying divorced couples, Cartwright has found that

49、 those who don't follow this dream progression have a much harder time getting over the hurt.) Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's eventsuntil, it appears, we begin to dream. And this process need not

50、be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Imagine how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. Wit

51、h much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or we wake up in a panic. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, sleepor rather dreamon it and you'll feel better in the morning.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）(1).By saying that "dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,&q