雅思基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法3（課堂PPT）

1、1Vino Yu2Lesson 3 名詞性從句名詞性從句 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)3名詞性從句名詞性從句我想說(shuō)我喜歡那個(gè)女孩。我想說(shuō)我喜歡那個(gè)女孩。I want to say I want to say that I love that girlthat I love that girl. .我想說(shuō)的是我喜歡那個(gè)女孩。我想說(shuō)的是我喜歡那個(gè)女孩。What I want to sayWhat I want to say is is that I love that girlthat I love that girl. .我想說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，我喜歡那個(gè)女孩。我想說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，我喜歡那個(gè)女孩。I want to tell

2、the truth I want to tell the truth that I love that girlthat I love that girl. .4名詞性從句名詞性從句 Describe a person who has done a lot of work to help people.(劍劍9，T4，S，P2) You should say:who this person is/waswhere this person lives/livedwhat he/ she has done to help peopleand explain how you know about t

3、his person.5名詞性從句名詞性從句who this person is/wasWho I want to tell youWho I want to tell you is my bosom friend. She has is my bosom friend. She has done a lot to help other people. done a lot to help other people. I want to say I want to say that my bosom friend is the person who that my bosom friend i

4、s the person who is willing to help peopleis willing to help people . .It isIt is my bosom friend my bosom friend who I want to tell youwho I want to tell you. . She She often helps the person who is in trouble . often helps the person who is in trouble . The one The one that I want to tell you abou

5、tthat I want to tell you about is my bosom is my bosom friend. She always likes helping others. friend. She always likes helping others. 6名詞性從句名詞性從句7名詞性從句名詞性從句 That It is our project that we will solve the problem. ( (同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句) ) Whether The fact is whether we want or not, we have to solve the pro

6、blem. （表語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句） What What we should do is to confirm that we have solved the problem. （主語(yǔ)從句）（主語(yǔ)從句） Whenever We confirm whenever it is, we could solve the problem. （賓語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）8常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞 thatthat：只引導(dǎo)，本身無(wú)意義，不作句子成分：只引導(dǎo)，本身無(wú)意義，不作句子成分Johannes Kepler, in the early 17th century, had Johannes Kepler, in

7、the early 17th century, had shown shown that that the distances of the planets from the Sun governed the distances of the planets from the Sun governed their orbital speedstheir orbital speeds, which were easily measurable. , which were easily measurable. ( (劍劍9 9，T2T2，R2)R2)在在1717世紀(jì)早期，世紀(jì)早期，Johannes

8、 KeplerJohannes Kepler就認(rèn)為行星與太就認(rèn)為行星與太陽(yáng)之間的距離控制著行星的軌道速度，這個(gè)很容陽(yáng)之間的距離控制著行星的軌道速度，這個(gè)很容易就能測(cè)量到。易就能測(cè)量到。9常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞 thatthat：只引導(dǎo)，本身無(wú)意義，不作句子成分：只引導(dǎo)，本身無(wú)意義，不作句子成分Lozanovs instructional technique is based on Lozanovs instructional technique is based on the evidencethe evidence that that the connections made in the c

9、onnections made in the brain through unconscious processingthe brain through unconscious processing (which he calls non-specific mental reactivity) (which he calls non-specific mental reactivity) are more durable than those made through are more durable than those made through conscious processingco

10、nscious processing. . ( (劍劍7 7，T1T1，R3)R3)LozanovLozanov的指導(dǎo)方法基于這樣的證據(jù)，即大腦通過(guò)的指導(dǎo)方法基于這樣的證據(jù)，即大腦通過(guò)無(wú)意識(shí)處理所取得的聯(lián)系比通過(guò)有意識(shí)處理所取無(wú)意識(shí)處理所取得的聯(lián)系比通過(guò)有意識(shí)處理所取得的更持久。得的更持久。10常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞 if, whetherif, whether：引導(dǎo)：引導(dǎo), ,不作句子成分，有意義不作句子成分，有意義You might wonder how we can tell You might wonder how we can tell whetherwhether fossil an

11、imals lived on land or in waterfossil animals lived on land or in water, , especially if only fragments are found.especially if only fragments are found.（劍（劍9 9，T1T1，R3R3）你可能會(huì)問(wèn)，我們是如何通過(guò)動(dòng)物化石來(lái)判斷它你可能會(huì)問(wèn)，我們是如何通過(guò)動(dòng)物化石來(lái)判斷它們是生活中水中還是陸地上的，尤其當(dāng)我們只找們是生活中水中還是陸地上的，尤其當(dāng)我們只找到一些化石碎片的時(shí)候。到一些化石碎片的時(shí)候。11常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞 who, whom,

12、 what, which, whoever, whatever,who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever,whicheverwhichever等等: :有意義，作成分有意義，作成分WhatWhat the government needs nowthe government needs now is a lot of is a lot of loyal supporters.loyal supporters.In fact, In fact, whichwhich we should complete firstwe should complete f

13、irst is is to ensure what is needed to established, to ensure what is needed to established, which is whether or not this is actually which is whether or not this is actually true.true.12常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞 where, when, how, why, how much, how often, where, when, how, why, how much, how often, wherever, when

14、ever, howeverwherever, whenever, however等等: :有意義，作狀語(yǔ)有意義，作狀語(yǔ)We can cause the lightening We can cause the lightening to strike to strike wherewhere we want it to we want it to using rockets, says Ralpgh using rockets, says Ralpgh Bernstein, manager of Bernstein, manager of lightening projects at EPRI.

15、(lightening projects at EPRI.(劍劍8 8，T3T3，R1)R1)“我們可以利用火箭使得閃電襲擊我我們可以利用火箭使得閃電襲擊我們希望它襲擊的地方。們希望它襲擊的地方?！盓PRIEPRI閃電閃電計(jì)劃經(jīng)理計(jì)劃經(jīng)理Ralgh BernsteinRalgh Bernstein如是說(shuō)。如是說(shuō)。13名詞性從句名詞性從句 賓語(yǔ)從句：賓語(yǔ)從句：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后 主語(yǔ)從句：主語(yǔ)從句：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞之前謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞之前 表語(yǔ)從句：表語(yǔ)從句：系動(dòng)詞之后系動(dòng)詞之后 同位語(yǔ)從句：同位語(yǔ)從句：表同一意義的名詞之后表同一意義的名詞之后14名詞性從句名詞性從句 合并句子合并句子 W

16、henWhen will will he come?he come? I dont know. I dont know. _ He asked the young lady.He asked the young lady. Where Where does does the bus the bus headhead to? to? _ _ _I dont know when he I dont know when he willwill come. come.He asked the young lady where the bus He asked the young lady where

17、the bus headedheaded to. to. 注意：語(yǔ)序；時(shí)態(tài)注意：語(yǔ)序；時(shí)態(tài)15賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句 e.g. I think (I think (thatthat) ) communicating with friends communicating with friends by phone is more convenient than by phone is more convenient than writing email or text messageswriting email or text messages. . People now wonder People

18、now wonder what what makes makes children feel so much pressures in their children feel so much pressures in their liveslives. .16賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句e.g.Sensors and circuits were on the brink of Sensors and circuits were on the brink of failing and NASA experts realisedfailing and NASA experts realised thattha

19、t they they had to do something or lose contact with had to do something or lose contact with their probe forevertheir probe forever. .( (劍劍9 9，T3T3，R3)R3)傳感器和電路已經(jīng)接近崩潰的邊緣。美國(guó)宇傳感器和電路已經(jīng)接近崩潰的邊緣。美國(guó)宇航局專(zhuān)家意識(shí)到他們必須采取措施，否則就會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)航局專(zhuān)家意識(shí)到他們必須采取措施，否則就會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)和和“旅行者旅行者1 1號(hào)號(hào)”失去聯(lián)系。失去聯(lián)系。 17賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句18賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句 填空填空 She suggest

20、ed _ we should complete the task as soon as possible. I cant imagine _ my life will be without your help. Can you tell me _ is responsible for the project? Please tell us _ people did not subscribe to the resolution. 19Task 翻譯20Task 翻譯21主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 e.g.22主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 e.g.23主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 判斷What they had done to

21、tackle the problem are What they had done to tackle the problem are useless.useless.When will the new movie release is not known When will the new movie release is not known to any of us.to any of us.What they had done to tackle the problem What they had done to tackle the problem is is useless.usel

22、ess.When the new movie When the new movie will will release is not known release is not known to any of us.to any of us.24主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 改寫(xiě)25主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 翻譯任何一個(gè)有責(zé)任感（任何一個(gè)有責(zé)任感（sense of responsibilitysense of responsibility）的人都）的人都應(yīng)該為自己的所作所為負(fù)責(zé)。應(yīng)該為自己的所作所為負(fù)責(zé)。目前除了學(xué)好英語(yǔ)、通過(guò)雅思考試我什么都不想考慮。目前除了學(xué)好英語(yǔ)、通過(guò)雅思考試我什么都不想考慮。26It is

23、+名詞名詞+ that從句從句27It is +名詞名詞+ that從句從句28It is +名詞名詞+ that從句從句29It is +形容詞形容詞+ that從句從句30It is +形容詞形容詞+ that從句從句 填空It is _ that women do most of the It is _ that women do most of the shopping. shopping. It is _ to note that these respondents It is _ to note that these respondents were interviewed at

24、the supermarket.were interviewed at the supermarket.It is _ global energy consumption will It is _ global energy consumption will rise nearly sixty percent in the next twenty rise nearly sixty percent in the next twenty years, which is due to factors such as years, which is due to factors such as po

25、pulation growth, urbanization, and population growth, urbanization, and economic and industrial expansion.economic and industrial expansion.31It is +形容詞形容詞+ that從句從句 改寫(xiě)改寫(xiě)32It is / has / can be +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+ that從句從句33It is / has / can be +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+ that從句從句 判斷改錯(cuò)34Task The graph below shows the quantiti

26、es of goods The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.different modes of transport.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting Summaries the information b

27、y selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.relevant.（劍（劍8 8，T4T4，W1W1）35Sample writingIt is shown by the line chart thatIt is shown by the line chart that million tonnes of goods million tonnes of goods were transpor

28、ted in the UK between 1974 and 2002.were transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002.It has been proved thatIt has been proved that there was a sharp rise to 95 there was a sharp rise to 95 million tonnes in 1999, with a slight rise lion tonnes in 1999, with a slight rise thereafter.It

29、 can be observed clearly thatIt can be observed clearly that there was a great increase there was a great increase to almost 60 million tonnes by 1982 and this level to almost 60 million tonnes by 1982 and this level remained for over a decade.remained for over a decade.36表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 e.g.37表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 e.g

30、.One glaring disadvantage of pesticides application One glaring disadvantage of pesticides application is is thatthat, while destroying harmful pests, while destroying harmful pests, they also wipe they also wipe out many useful non-targeted organismsout many useful non-targeted organisms, which kee

31、p , which keep the growth of the pest population in check. the growth of the pest population in check. （劍（劍8 8，T4T4，R2R2）使用殺蟲(chóng)劑的一個(gè)明顯缺陷是，殺死害蟲(chóng)同時(shí)也會(huì)消滅使用殺蟲(chóng)劑的一個(gè)明顯缺陷是，殺死害蟲(chóng)同時(shí)也會(huì)消滅許多有益的非定標(biāo)性的生物，這些生物可控制害蟲(chóng)數(shù)量許多有益的非定標(biāo)性的生物，這些生物可控制害蟲(chóng)數(shù)量的過(guò)分增長(zhǎng)。的過(guò)分增長(zhǎng)。38Task 翻譯39It +不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞+ that從句從句 It seems that. 似乎. It appears to sb

32、. that. 據(jù)某人看來(lái). It occurs to sb. that. 浮現(xiàn)在某人的腦海中 It goes without saying that 毋庸置疑40It +不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞+ that從句從句 翻譯據(jù)某些專(zhuān)家看來(lái)，英語(yǔ)并非學(xué)得越早越好。據(jù)某些專(zhuān)家看來(lái)，英語(yǔ)并非學(xué)得越早越好。我一看到這個(gè)視頻時(shí)，我一看到這個(gè)視頻時(shí)，SteveSteve曾提醒我注意那個(gè)人的事就浮現(xiàn)在了我曾提醒我注意那個(gè)人的事就浮現(xiàn)在了我的腦海中。的腦海中。對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們似乎應(yīng)該再多加一些考慮。對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們似乎應(yīng)該再多加一些考慮。毋庸置疑，現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)和健康之間的關(guān)系了解得更加清楚了。毋庸置疑，現(xiàn)在人們

33、對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)和健康之間的關(guān)系了解得更加清楚了。It appears to some experts thatIt appears to some experts that for English studying it is not for English studying it is not true that the earlier you start, the better you will learn.true that the earlier you start, the better you will learn.It occurs to me thatIt occurs to me

34、that Steve has reminded me of the person as Steve has reminded me of the person as soon as I see the video.soon as I see the video.It seems thatIt seems that we should consider more about the issue. we should consider more about the issue.It goes without saying thatIt goes without saying that people

35、 understand the relationship people understand the relationship between the sport and health better now.between the sport and health better now.41同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 e.g. It is It is the factthe fact that everyone should knowthat everyone should know. .The truthThe truth that the car was crashed that the car

36、 was crashed unexpectedlyunexpectedly has been proved by the police. has been proved by the police.42與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別連接詞連接詞/ /引導(dǎo)詞是否在從句中充當(dāng)成分引導(dǎo)詞是否在從句中充當(dāng)成分 e.g.e.g. Here is Here is the problemthe problem that that produced a lot of produced a lot of troubles to ustroubles to us. .that: that: 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)從句定

37、語(yǔ)從句 Here is Here is the problemthe problem that we should tackle the that we should tackle the troubles immediatelytroubles immediately. .that: that: 不充當(dāng)任何從句中的成分不充當(dāng)任何從句中的成分 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句43同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 e.g. You might say that this is a problem of their You might say that this is a problem of their own mak

38、ing, own making, oneone that that they could avoid simply by they could avoid simply by changing their habitschanging their habits. .也許你會(huì)說(shuō)它們天生就是這樣，只要改變生活習(xí)性在也許你會(huì)說(shuō)它們天生就是這樣，只要改變生活習(xí)性在白天出來(lái)捕食就可以了。白天出來(lái)捕食就可以了。(劍劍7，T1，R1)44同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句45Task 他們面臨的問(wèn)題是，最近他們面臨的問(wèn)題是，最近的加油站也在的加油站也在3030英里以外。英里以外。46Task 翻譯翻譯一個(gè)人的實(shí)際能力才是

39、我們應(yīng)該真正看重的。一個(gè)人的實(shí)際能力才是我們應(yīng)該真正看重的。然而，關(guān)于這是一件好事還是壞事，不同的人有然而，關(guān)于這是一件好事還是壞事，不同的人有不同的看法。不同的看法。來(lái)中國(guó)的留學(xué)生越來(lái)越多這一事實(shí)上我們無(wú)法否來(lái)中國(guó)的留學(xué)生越來(lái)越多這一事實(shí)上我們無(wú)法否認(rèn)的。認(rèn)的。在給出我的觀(guān)點(diǎn)之前，我認(rèn)為看一看問(wèn)題的兩面在給出我的觀(guān)點(diǎn)之前，我認(rèn)為看一看問(wèn)題的兩面是很重要的。是很重要的。不同的人們對(duì)于全球化是否有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展這不同的人們對(duì)于全球化是否有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展這個(gè)問(wèn)題持有不同的看法。個(gè)問(wèn)題持有不同的看法。令人感到遺憾的是大多數(shù)人對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有令人感到遺憾的是大多數(shù)人對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。清晰

40、的認(rèn)識(shí)。47Task Sample answers一個(gè)人的實(shí)際能力才是我們應(yīng)該真正看重的。一個(gè)人的實(shí)際能力才是我們應(yīng)該真正看重的。What we should value mostWhat we should value most is the persons is the persons real capabilities.real capabilities.然而，關(guān)于這是一件好事還是壞事，不同的人有然而，關(guān)于這是一件好事還是壞事，不同的人有不同的看法。不同的看法。However, different people have different views However, differen

41、t people have different views on the issue on the issue whether it is good or just the whether it is good or just the oppositeopposite. .來(lái)中國(guó)的留學(xué)生越來(lái)越多是我們無(wú)法否認(rèn)的。來(lái)中國(guó)的留學(xué)生越來(lái)越多是我們無(wú)法否認(rèn)的。It is undeniable thatIt is undeniable that an increasing number of an increasing number of foreign students are coming to C

42、hina for foreign students are coming to China for study.study.48Task 翻譯翻譯在給出我的觀(guān)點(diǎn)之前，我認(rèn)為看一看問(wèn)題的兩面是很重要的。在給出我的觀(guān)點(diǎn)之前，我認(rèn)為看一看問(wèn)題的兩面是很重要的。Before discussing my point of view, Before discussing my point of view, whats whats important in my mindimportant in my mind is to consider about two is to consider about tw

43、o sides of the problem.sides of the problem.不同的人們對(duì)于全球化是否有利于促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展這個(gè)問(wèn)題持不同的人們對(duì)于全球化是否有利于促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展這個(gè)問(wèn)題持有不同的看法。有不同的看法。People have various points on the argument People have various points on the argument that that the globalization is beneficial to improve the the globalization is beneficial to improve the

44、economical development or noteconomical development or not. .令人感到遺憾的是大多數(shù)人對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。令人感到遺憾的是大多數(shù)人對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。The unfortunate reality is The unfortunate reality is that most people dont that most people dont get a crystal clear about the issueget a crystal clear about the issue. .49Task50Sample

45、 writingWhenever people talk about Whenever people talk about what make successful what make successful personspersons such as outstanding athletes or musicians, their such as outstanding athletes or musicians, their views will certainly views will certainly differ from thatdiffer from that nature f

46、ills a dominant nature fills a dominant role in determining if one may possibly become an role in determining if one may possibly become an expert expert in some field in some field to thatto that it is nurture that exerts direct effects it is nurture that exerts direct effects. .51Sample writing52S

47、ample writingIt must be admitted thatIt must be admitted that there indeed exist some people there indeed exist some people born with talentsborn with talents which predict the possibility for a would-be which predict the possibility for a would-be winner. In other words, without these suitable char

48、acters winner. In other words, without these suitable characters which which more or less are beneficial to master some skills, more or less are beneficial to master some skills, there is there is little little likelihoodlikelihood to become elites in an area. Also, to become elites in an area. Also

49、, there is growing there is growing evidence thatevidence that those with born talents achieve more than those with born talents achieve more than those those who do not havewho do not have, which naturally become a motivator for , which naturally become a motivator for further triumph. Therefore, a

50、n increasing number of parents further triumph. Therefore, an increasing number of parents begin to observe or even experiment to judge begin to observe or even experiment to judge if their children if their children fortunately possess some talents to allow them to excelfortunately possess some tal

51、ents to allow them to excel. .53Sample writing54Sample writingHowever, some people still argue for the belief However, some people still argue for the belief that that with professional and systematic training, each one with professional and systematic training, each one may may have not surprisingl

52、y brilliant performance in not only have not surprisingly brilliant performance in not only academic but also entertainment fieldacademic but also entertainment field. Those who are . Those who are capable of making amazing achievement in later days, capable of making amazing achievement in later da

53、ys, as a matter of fact, have inherited some talents via as a matter of fact, have inherited some talents via genes if researched carefully. As a result, if not having genes if researched carefully. As a result, if not having enviable talents, sound education system and hard enviable talents, sound

54、education system and hard working can at most quality someone in one field, but working can at most quality someone in one field, but never send him/her to the top.never send him/her to the top.55Sample writingIn conclusion, my strongly held view is In conclusion, my strongly held view is that natur

55、al that natural talents talents are the prerequisite for anyoneare the prerequisite for anyone who desire to be excellent who desire to be excellent in in some areas like sport and art, but subsequent professional some areas like sport and art, but subsequent professional training will unquestionabl

56、y endow anyone with basic skills. training will unquestionably endow anyone with basic skills. 56被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) They allow the cans to cool. They sterilize the cans using a special heating process. They take the fruit to the cannery in large trucks. They check the fruit before storage and they reject any

57、poor quality fruit. The cans are allowed to cool. The cans are sterilized using a special heating process. The fruit is taken to the cannery in large trucks. The fruit is checked before storage and any poor quality fruit is rejected.57被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)不重要或不明確強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)不重要或不明確All applications All applicat

58、ions are processedare processed on the spot. on the spot.正式語(yǔ)體，降低主觀(guān)性正式語(yǔ)體，降低主觀(guān)性You You are advisedare advised to return the application form within three to return the application form within three days.days.描述過(guò)程（自然、生物等除外）描述過(guò)程（自然、生物等除外）The company now The company now is controlledis controlled by a ch

59、airman and twelve by a chairman and twelve executive officers who are elected by employees.executive officers who are elected by employees.接前面的話(huà)題或句子，或與下面的相連接前面的話(huà)題或句子，或與下面的相連 Does the government run Does the government run the universitythe university? ? No, No, the universitythe university is runis

60、run by a private Limited by a private Limited Company which set up it ten years ago.Company which set up it ten years ago. The executive officers The executive officers are heldare held accountable by accountable by the the union councilunion council. . The councilThe council is is also also elected