1998年同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)真題

1、1998年同等學(xué)力人員申請(qǐng)碩士學(xué)位外國(guó)語(yǔ)水平全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試Paper One 試卷一(90 minutes)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes, 15 points) （略）Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each )Section ADirections: In each item, choose one word that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlin

2、ed word. Mark out pour choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16. People of diverse backgrounds now fly to distant places for pleasure, business or education. A) different B) distinctiveC) similar D) separate17. The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the p

3、rize. A) motive B) initiativeC) excitement D) entertainment18. Sometimes the messages are conveyed through deliberate, conscious gestures; other times, our bodies talk without our even knowing.A) definite B) intentional C) delicateD) interactive 19.Hunters have almost exterminated many of the larger

4、 animals while farmers destroyed many smaller animals. A) wounded B) reduced C) killed D) trapped20. Today black children in South Africa are still reluctant to study subjects from which they were effectively barred for so long. A) anxious B) curiousC) opposed D) unwilling21. If a cat comes too clos

5、e to its nest, the mockingbird initiates a set of actions to protect its offspring. A) hastens B) triggers C) devises D) releases22. Panic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly. A) Tension B) Excitement C) Fear D) Nervousness23. Lighting levels are ca

6、refully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience. A) ideal B) required C) optional D) standard24. Many observers believe that country will remain in a state of chaos if it fails to solve its chronic food shortage problem. A) transient B) starving C) severe D) ser

7、ial25. The exhibition is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese TV industry and overseas TV industries. A) establish B) maximize C) guarantee D) promoteSection BDirections: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if insert

8、ed at the place marked. Mark out pour choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.26. Anyone who can study abroad is fortunate; but, of course, it is not easy to make the_ from one culture to another A) transaction . B) transportation C) transmission D) transition27. We_ that di

9、et is related to most types of cancer but we dont have definite proof. A) assure B) suspect C) ascertain D) suspend28. How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be_ to tourist spending? A) contributed B) applied C) attributed D) attached29. Not all persons arrested an

10、d_ with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law. A) sentenced B) accusedC) persecuted D) charged30. He_ in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it had been robbed. A) justified B) witnessedC) testified D) ident

11、ified31. If you are a member of a club, you must_ to the rules of that club. A) conform B) appeal C) refer D) access32. With the constant change of the conditions, the outcome is not always_. A) favorable B) predictable C) dependable D) reasonable33. Instead of answering the question, the manager_ h

12、is shoulders as if it were not important. A) shrugged B) touched C) raised D) patted34. I am sorry for the_ tone of your letter, but feel sure that things are not so bad with you as you say. A) apologetic B) threatening C) pessimistic D) grateful35. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the

13、throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily _. A) diminished B) alleviated C) relaxed D) abolishedPart II Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30 Points)Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of

14、 them there are four choices marked A , B, C and D . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage One Nuclear powers danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. Nuc

15、lear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It cant be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we cant sense radioactivity witho

16、ut a radiation detector .But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things. At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cell in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. Th

17、ere is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does nor hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they arc killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells ar

18、c only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years. This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without

19、the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents. Radiation can hurt u

20、s. We must know the truth.36. According to the passage, the danger of nuclear power lies in _.A) nuclear mystery B) radiation detectionC) radiation level D) nuclear radiation37. Radiation can cause serious consequences even at the lowest level _.A) when it kills few cellsB) if it damages few cellsC)

21、 though the damaged cells can repair themselvesD) unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves38. The word “significant” in paragraph 3 most probably means _.A) remarkable B) meaningfulC) fatal D) harmful39. Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can _.A) kill large numbers of cells in main o

22、rgans so as to cause death immediately.B) damage cells which nay grow into cancer years laterC) affect the healthy growth of our offspringD) All of the above.40. Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage?A) The importance of protection from radiation cannot be over-emphasized.B) T

23、he mystery about radiation remains unsolved.C) Cancer is mainly caused by radiation.D) Radiation can hurt those who are not aware of its danger.Passage TwoIn some ways, the United States has made spectacular progress. Fires no longer destroy 18,000 buildings as they did in the Great Chicago Fire of

24、1871, or kill half a town of 2,400 people, as they did the same night in Peshtigo, Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky, in 1977, it has been four decades since more than 100 Americans died in a fire. But even with such successes, the United States still has one of the

25、 worst fire death rates in the world. Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take Fires seriously enough. American fire departments are some of the worlds fastest and best equipped. They have to be. The United States has t

26、wice Japans population, and 40 times as man Fires. It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. American Fire-safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who die in disproportionately large numbers in fires but who, contrary to popular myth, start very few of them. Experts

27、 say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyones fault. Thai is not so in other countries, where both public education and the law treat Fires as either a personal failing or a crime. Japan has many wood houses; of the estimated 48 fires in world history that burned more than 10

28、,000 buildings, Japan has had 27. Penalties for by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment. In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary schools. But the lessons are aimed at too limited an audience; just 9 percent of all Fire deaths are caused by children playing with

29、 matches. The United States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are smoke detectors in 85 percent of all homes. Some local building codes now require home sprinklers. New heaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tipped.41. The reason why so many American

30、s die in fires is that _.A) they took no interest in new technologyB) they did not attach great importance to preventing firesC) they showed indifference to fighting FiresD) they did not spend enough money on fire facilities42. Although the Fire death rate has declined, the United States _.A) still

31、has the worst fire death rate in the worldB) is still alert to the fire problemC) is still training a large number of safety expertsD) is still confronted with the serious fire problem43. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A) fire safety lessons should be aimed at American adultsB) American

32、children have not received enough education of fire safety lessonC) Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the Untied StatesD) Americas large population accounts for high fire frequency44. In what aspects should the United States learn from Japan?A) Architecture and building material.B)

33、Education and technology.C) Laws and attitude.D) All of the above45. To narrow the gap between the fire death rate in the United States and that in other countries, the author suggests _.A) developing new technologyB) counting more on laws and social pressureC) placing a fire extinguisher in every f

34、amilyD) reinforcing the safeness of household appliancesPassage ThreeThere are hidden factors which scientists call “feedback mechanisms”. No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate. Heres one example: plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries. At the current

35、 estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation(植物) may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75kilometres a year-faster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment w

36、ill die. The 1000kilometre-wide strip of forest running through Canada, the USSR and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires, releasing ions of CO2 and further boosting global warming. There arc dozens of other possible. feedback mechanisms.

37、Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming. Others, like the albedo effect, will do the opposite. The. albedo effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earths surface. As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea a

38、nd land pokes( 戳) through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature increase.Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simply make the problem worse. The fact is that some of us are

39、doing quite well the way things are. In the developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels. Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 per cent of all the worlds energy is consumed by a quarter of the worlds population. The average rich world resi

40、dent adds about 3.2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere, more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen. The US, with just seven per cent of the global population, is responsible for 22 per cent of global warming.46.”Feedback mechanisms” in paragraph 1 most probably refer to _.A)

41、how plants and animals adapt to hidden factorsB) how plants and animals interact with the changing climateC) how climate changesD) how climate zones shift47. James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by _.A) the cutting of many trees.B) desirable environmental changes

42、.C) successful migration of species.D) unsuccessful migration of trees.48. We can learn from the passage that _.A) some feedback mechanisms may slow down global warmingB) the basic facts of global warming are unknownC) developing countries benefit from cheap fossil fuelsD) developed countries have d

43、ecided to reduce their energy consumption49. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A) the developing world has decided to increase its energy consumptionB) a third-world citizen adds less than a ton of CO2 yearly to the atmosphereC) the world climate would soon gain its balance if we stopped gr

44、eenhouse gas emissionsD) future prosperity of the world is dependent on cheap fossil fuels50. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?A) Material progress and energy consumption.B) Prosperity and cheap fossil fuels.C) Impact of global warming on climate.D) Plants and animals in the c

45、hanging climate.Passage FourLearning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities. Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are m

46、any different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized. You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There

47、is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong. In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person, who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the b

48、rain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together. The study was carried out unde

49、r the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not

50、connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed. Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brains electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals. Frank Duffy experimented with this technique at Children

51、s Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the

52、 brain, not just the left side.51. Scientists found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in _.A) structure and functionB) color and functionC) size and arrangementD) color and arrangement .52. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A

53、) Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brain.B) Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brain.C) Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of brain cells.D) Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the br

54、ain.53. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that _.A) many factors account for learning disorderB) a learning disabled person shows no outward signsC) reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the populationD) the brain activity of learning disabled children is

55、 different from that of normal children54. Doctor Duffy believed that _.A) he found the exact cause of learning disabilitiesB) the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brainC) the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brainD) the prob

56、lem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain55. According to the passage we can conclude that further researches should be made _.A) to investigate possible influences on brain development and organizationB) to study, how children learn to read and write, and use numbersC)

57、to help learning disabled children to develop their intelligenceD) to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learningPassage FiveVisual impairment(視覺(jué)障礙) carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through ones physical and social environment until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established. Because observational skills are more limited, self-control within the immediate surroundings is li