全球氣候變化與海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境-考試范圍(1)

1、1. The definition of climate2. The major components of the climate system3. The factors related to the temperature difference between equator and north polar?4. The major greenhouse gases and what is atmospheric greenhouse effect?5. The chemicalcomposition of the atmospheric6. The vertical structure

2、 of the atmosphere7. The meridional structure of the atmosphere8. The atmospheric circulation: three cells circulation9. What cause the abnormal characters of water?10. What is adiabatic change?11. The major chemical components of seawater and the Marcet-Dittmar rule of salinity12. What is wind-driv

3、en circulation and thermohaline circulation?13. The major ocean surface circulation system(Understand the figures describing the globalocean circulationSubtropic gyre, western boundary currentSubpolar gyreEquatorial currentsIndian Ocean monsoon systemThe circumpolar circulation system14. The conveye

4、r-belt circulation15. Global shortwave radiation and long-wave radiation energy balance16. What is albedo?17. Understand the major components of the ocean heat budget including Q s, Q b, Q e and Q h andthe definition of each component18. Where the absorbed solar energy will go in ocean?19. What is d

5、eep water convection?20. Ekmans theory on wave-driven current, Ekman spiral and Ekman transport et al.21. The implication of Ekmans theoryCoastal upwelling and downwelling (You should knowthe figures describing upwelling and downwelling22. Geostrophic currents and Geostrophic balance23. Divergence a

6、nd convergence24. Biological ocean desert25. How the Indian Ocean monsoon wind is formed?26. The solubility of the gases in ocean27. Why the solubility of CO2 is abnormally large in seawater28. Some physical processes that could affect global CO2 air-sea flux29. Why the O2 concentration in the surfa

7、ce ocean is general over-saturated?30. What are phytoplankton and zooplankton?31. Phytoplankton photosynthesis and respiration32. Factors to control phytoplankton abundance in the ocean33. What is photoinhibition?34. The major nutrients required for phytoplankton growth35. Seasonal variation of phyt

8、oplankton abundance such as spring bloom and fall bloom inNorth Atlantic Ocean36. What is bacterial demineralization?37. What is Chl-a subsurface maximum?38. What are the sources of marine DMS? The major characteristics of DMS and its role onclimate39. What is the mechanism of biological pump?40. Wh

9、y we generally get subtropical high pressure system?41. The others factors can modify the features of pressure system over land and ocean42. What is North Atlantic Drift?43. Understand the figures that describe positive and negative phase of NAO44. Understand the figures that describes the three sta

10、tes of ENSO including EL Nino, Normaland La Nina45. Understand that before the Quaternary period,that natural global climate variation is mostlyrelated to super-continents breakup46. Understand that during the Quaternary period, the energy variation associated with thesolar radiation has dominated t

11、he global climate changes47. What is glacial and inter-glacial period?48. Understand that we are currently experiencing inter-glacial period according to geologicaldata record.49. The three forms by which human beingshave direct impacts on the climate50. The major greenhouse gases that significantly increase in concentration due to humanactivities51. The major reasons that cause CO2 seasonal and long-term variations52. How the CFC cause the ozone depletion in the polar region53. The potential influence of aerosols might have on marine phytoplank