Medical Terminology_ A Word-Building Approach 7th Edition rice_ch07

1、A Word-Building Approach Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceCHAPTER Seventh EditionMuscular System7 Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Appro

2、ach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Describe the muscular system. Describe the three basic types of muscle tissue. Explain the primary functions of muscles. Analyze, build, spell, and pronounce medical words. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building

3、 Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Comprehend the drugs highlighted in this chapter. Describe diagnostic and laboratory tests related to the muscular system. Identify and define selected abbreviations. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building

4、 Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice The muscular system is composed of all the muscles in the body and works in coordination with the skeletal and nervous systems. Muscles Provide the mechanism for movement of the body. Produce heat. Help maintain posture and stability. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Edu

5、cation, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Muscles make up approximately 42% of body weight. Muscles are composed of long, slender cells known as fibers. Each muscle consists of a group of fibers held together by connective tissue and encl

6、osed in a fibrous sheath or fascia. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceInsert Table 7-1 Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh

7、 EditionJane RiceSkeletal muscle consists of a group of fibers held together by connective tissue. It is enclosed in a fibrous sheath (fascia). Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Each fiber within a mus

8、cle receives its own nerve impulses and has its own stored supply of glycogen as fuel for energy. Blood and lymphatic vessels in muscle tissue supply nutrition and oxygen to muscles. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh E

9、ditionJane Rice As a person grows older: the number and size of muscle fibers diminish the water content of tendons is reduced Decrease in handgrip strength can make performing routine activities such as opening a jar or turning a key more difficult. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All righ

10、ts reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceClick on the screenshot to view an animation of the muscular system.Back to Directory Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Ric

11、e Three basic types of muscles: Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Composed of striated or smooth muscle tissue and classified according to their functions and appearance. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceTypes o

12、f muscle tissue. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Skeletal Muscle Also known as voluntary or striated muscle. Controlled by the conscious part of the brain and attaches to the bones. Has a cross-strip

13、ed appearance (striated). Varies in size, shape, arrangement of fibers, and means of attachment to bones. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceSelected skeletal muscles and the Achilles tendon (anterior an

14、d posterior view). Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceInsert Table 7-2 Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice

15、Table 7.2 (continued)Selected Skeletal Muscles Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice The process of skeletal muscle movement Contractility Extensibility Excitability Elasticity Copyright 2012 by Pearson Ed

16、ucation, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice A newborns movements are uncoordinated and random. Muscular development proceeds from head to foot and from the center of the body to the periphery. Head and neck muscles are the first ones that

17、the baby can control. A baby can hold his head up before he can sit erect. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Muscles have three distinguishable parts: the body or main portion. the origin (the more fix

18、ed attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone). the insertion (the point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that it moves). Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Means of attachment for skeletal mu

19、scle: Tendon (a band of connective tissue, varies in length from less than 1 inch to more than 1 foot). Aponeurosis (a wide, thin, sheetlike tendon). Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Muscles and nerve

20、s function together as a motor unit. Skeletal muscles perform in groups and are classified as follows: Antagonist Prime mover or agonist Synergist Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceCoordination of antag

21、onist muscles to perform movement. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Smooth muscle Also called involuntary, visceral, or unstriated. Not controlled by the conscious part of the brain. Under the control

22、 of the autonomic nervous system. Includes muscles of internal organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract plus certain muscles of the eye and skin. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Cardia

23、c muscle Muscle of the heart (myocardium) is involuntary but striated in appearance. Under control of the autonomic nervous system. Has specialized neuromuscular tissue located within the right atrium. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building

24、Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Cardiac muscle Contraction can occur even without an initial nervous input because of pacemaker cells. Cardiac muscle cells rely on an ample blood supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products, such as carbon dioxide. Copyright 2012 by Pearson

25、 Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice In the older adult, the heart muscle becomes less able to propel the large amount of blood that is needed by the body. This makes a person feel tired more quickly, and it takes longer for reco

26、very to occur. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Muscles are responsible for movement. The types of movement are: Locomotion, when chemical energy is changed into mechanical energy. Propulsion of subst

27、ances through tubes, as in circulation and digestion. Changes in the sizes of openings, as in the contraction and relaxation of the iris of the eye. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Muscles help to ma

28、intain posture and produce heat. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceCommon sites of amputation. (A) Upper extremities. (B) Lower extremities. The surgeon determines the level of amputation based on blood

29、 supply and tissue condition. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceLipoatrophy, wrist. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, MD.) Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A

30、Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceDupuytrens contracture. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, MD.) Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Dactylospasm Dermatomyositis Diaphragm Diathermy Copyright 20

31、12 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceDermatomyositis. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, MD.) Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane R

32、iceDiaphragm, the major muscle of breathing. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceThe 18 tender points of fibromyalgia. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A W

33、ord-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice MD can affect people of all ages. No specific treatment exists for any of the forms of MD. Physical therapy, orthopedic appliances, and corrective orthopedic surgery could be needed to improve the quality of life in some cases. Copyright 2012 by Pearso

34、n Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceThis young boy with muscular dystrophy needs to receive tube feedings and home nursing care. He attends school when possible and is able to use an adapted computer. Copyright 2012 by Pearson E

35、ducation, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceGowers maneuver (A) and (B) The child first maneuvers to a position supported by arms and legs. (C) The child next pushes off the floor and rests one hand on the knee. (D) and (E) The child then

36、pushes himself upright. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceInsert Table 7-3 Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane

37、 RiceTable 7.3 (continued)Types of Patient Positions Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceTotal hip prosthesis. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Buil

38、ding Approach, Seventh EditionJane RiceGiant cell tumor of tendon sheath. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, MD.) Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Skeletal Muscle Relaxants Skeletal Muscle Stimulants Neurom

39、uscular Blocking Agents Anti-inflammatory agents and analgesics Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh EditionJane Rice Aldolase (ALD) Blood Test Test performed on serum that measures ALD enzyme present in skeletal and heart muscle. Calcium Blood Test Test performed on serum to determine levels of calcium. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seven