英美文學(xué)選讀要點(diǎn)中英文對(duì)照

1、 Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世紀(jì)至十七世紀(jì)中葉）文藝復(fù)興1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主義是文藝復(fù)興的核心。2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主義作為文藝復(fù)興的起源是因?yàn)楣畔ＥD羅馬文明的基礎(chǔ)是以“人”為中心，人是萬(wàn)物之靈。3. Renaissance humanists found in then classi

2、cs a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主義者們卻從古代文化遺產(chǎn)中找到充足的論據(jù)，來(lái)贊美人性，并開(kāi)始注意到人類是崇

3、高的生命，人可以不斷發(fā)展完善自己，而且世界是屬于他們的，供他們懷疑，探索以及享受。4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托馬斯.摩爾，克利斯朵夫.馬洛和威廉.莎士比亞是英國(guó)人文主義的代表。5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.懷亞特將彼特拉克的十四行詩(shī)引進(jìn)英國(guó)。6. The first period of the English Ren

4、aissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興初期只是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)模仿與同化的階段。7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of king1970uage, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to fra

5、me the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主義詩(shī)歌的主要目標(biāo)是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的熟練運(yùn)用，語(yǔ)言的力度與氣概，而最重要的是發(fā)展了修辭模式，即將格律，韻腳（式），組織結(jié)構(gòu)，意象（比喻，描述）與議論都結(jié)合起來(lái)勾畫出情感主題，并將其極為鮮明生動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期英國(guó)最著名的戲劇家有克利斯朵夫.馬洛，威廉

6、.莎士比亞與本.約翰遜。9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.費(fèi)蘭西斯.培根是英國(guó)歷史上最重要的散文家。 Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯賓塞10. the theme of Red Crosse is not “Arms and the man,” but something more romantic-“Fierce wars and faithful loves.”仙后的主題并非“男人與武器”，而是更富浪漫色彩的“殘酷戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與忠貞愛(ài)情”。11. It is Spensers idealis

7、m, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as “the poets poet.”正是斯賓塞的理想主義，對(duì)美的熱愛(ài)以及精美優(yōu)雅的詩(shī)文韻律是他成為“詩(shī)人中的詩(shī)人”。 Christopher Marlowe克利斯朵夫.馬洛12. As the most gifted of the “University Wits,” Marlowe composed six plays within his short lifetime. Among them the most important are: Tambur

8、laine, Parts I & II, Dr. Faustus, The Jew of Malta and Edward II.馬洛是當(dāng)時(shí)“大學(xué)才子”中最富才華的人，在他短暫的一生中完成了六部劇本的創(chuàng)作。其中最負(fù)盛名的是帖木爾浮士德博士的悲劇馬耳他島的猶太人愛(ài)德華二世。13. Marlowes greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English drama.馬洛的藝術(shù)成就在于他完善了無(wú)韻體詩(shī)并使之成為英國(guó)戲劇中最重要的文體形

9、式。14. Marlowes second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.馬洛的第二項(xiàng)貢獻(xiàn)是他創(chuàng)造了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的英雄形象。15. His brilliant achievement as a whole raised him to an eminence as the pioneer of English drama.他對(duì)戲劇發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)是不可磨滅的，為此被后世尊為英國(guó)戲劇的先驅(qū)。16. The passionate shepherd to his love激情的牧人致心愛(ài)的姑娘. T

10、his short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics in English literature.這首短詩(shī)是英國(guó)文學(xué)詩(shī)中最優(yōu)美的抒情詩(shī)。 William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亞17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The

11、Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Loves Labors Lost.在他戲劇創(chuàng)作生涯的第一個(gè)階段，他創(chuàng)作了五部歷史劇:亨利六世理查三世泰托斯.安東尼以及四部喜劇:錯(cuò)誤的戲劇維洛那二紳士馴悍記愛(ài)的徒勞。18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer N

12、ights Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二階段，他寫了五部歷史劇:理查三世約翰王亨利四世亨利五世以及六部喜劇:仲夏夜之夢(mèng)威尼斯商人無(wú)事生非皆大歡喜第十二夜溫莎的風(fēng)流娘兒們，還有兩部悲劇:羅密歐與朱麗葉裘利斯.凱撒。19. Shakespeares third period inc

13、ludes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are Alls Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三階段誕生了莎翁最偉大的悲劇和他自稱的黑色喜?。ɑ虮矂。?，悲劇有:哈姆雷特奧賽羅李

14、爾王麥克白安東尼與克利奧佩特拉特羅伊勒斯與克利西達(dá)克里奧拉那斯。兩部喜劇是終成眷屬和一報(bào)還一報(bào)。20. The last period of Shakespeares work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winters Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一個(gè)時(shí)期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜劇:伯里克利辛白林冬天的故事暴風(fēng)雨。他最后兩部劇是亨利八世魯克里斯受辱記。

15、21. Shakespeares sonnets are the only direct expression of the poets own feelings.這些十四行詩(shī)都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。22. Shakespeares history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的歷史劇都有這樣一個(gè)主題：在一個(gè)強(qiáng)大英明的君主統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下的國(guó)家，統(tǒng)一是非常必要的。23. In his romantic

16、comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play.在他的浪漫喜劇中莎士比亞以樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度對(duì)待愛(ài)情與青春并將浪漫色彩渲染到極致。24. The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness.莎

17、翁在成功的浪漫主義悲劇羅密歐與朱麗葉頌揚(yáng)了對(duì)愛(ài)的忠貞及對(duì)幸福的追求。25. Shakespeares greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero.莎士比亞的四大悲劇是：哈姆雷特奧賽羅李爾王麥克白. 26. “The Kings government must be carried on”but carried on for the good of the nation

18、, not for the pleasure of the king.“國(guó)王的統(tǒng)治一定要萬(wàn)古不變”-但是這種流傳百世萬(wàn)古不變的統(tǒng)治是有利于國(guó)家利益的，而不是只為國(guó)王自己服務(wù)。27. Thus, he finds no way to solve the social problems. In the end, the only thing he can do as a humanist is to escape from the reality to seek comfort in his dream.正因如此，他才無(wú)力尋求到醫(yī)治各種社會(huì)痼疾的靈丹妙藥，最后，他作為人文主義所能做的唯一事情便是逃

19、避現(xiàn)實(shí)，從夢(mèng)幻中找安慰。28. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality.他認(rèn)為文學(xué)應(yīng)該是真善美的結(jié)合，應(yīng)該反映天性與現(xiàn)實(shí)。29. Shakespeare is above all writers in the past and in the present time.古往今來(lái)，沒(méi)有一個(gè)作家能與莎士比亞媲美，他對(duì)后世文學(xué)家的潛移默化也是無(wú)可估量的。30. Almost all English write

20、rs after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view, in literary form or in king1970uage.在他之后幾乎所有的英國(guó)文學(xué)家都在藝術(shù)觀點(diǎn), 文學(xué)形式及語(yǔ)言技巧方面受到他的影響。31. Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare.十四行詩(shī)第十八首詩(shī)莎翁最出色的十四行詩(shī)。 Francis Bacon弗蘭西斯.培根32. The most import works of his f

21、irst group include The Advancement of Learning, Written in English; Novum Organum , an enlarged Latin version of The Advancement of Learning.培根的作品可分為三類：第一類中最重要的作品有學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展（用英文著述）新工具（是學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展的拉丁文增補(bǔ)版）33. One is the knowledge obtained from the Divine Revelation, the other is the knowledge from the workings

22、of human mind.他將知識(shí)分為兩種：一種是通過(guò)神的啟示獲得的知識(shí)，另一種是通過(guò)人類用腦思考而獲得的知識(shí)。34. According to Bacon, mans understanding consists of three parts: history to mans memory, poetry to mans imagination and creation, and philosophy to mans reason.培根認(rèn)為，人類的認(rèn)識(shí)與學(xué)問(wèn)分為三部分：基于人類回憶的歷史學(xué)，基于人類想象力創(chuàng)造力的詩(shī)歌與基于人類理性的哲學(xué)。35. Bacon, as a humanist i

23、ntellect, shows the new empirical attitudes toward truth about nature and bravely challenges the medieval scholasticist.作為人文主義者的培根展示了自己對(duì)于自然界真理的實(shí)驗(yàn)主義態(tài)度，并向中世紀(jì)的經(jīng)院哲學(xué)家們提出挑戰(zhàn)。36. Bacons essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and powerfulness.培根的散文以簡(jiǎn)潔，緊湊，有力度而著名。37. The essays are well-arranged and

24、enriched by biblical allusions, metaphors and cadence.這些散文不僅結(jié)構(gòu)巧妙還大量使用了圣經(jīng)的典故，隱喻和基調(diào)。38. Of Studies論學(xué)習(xí). Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智。 John Donne約翰.鄧恩39. The imagery is drawn from the actual life.詩(shī)中的意象都是從現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中提取的。40. His poems give a more inhe

25、rently theatrical impression by exhibiting a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods.他的詩(shī)歌給人一種固有的戲劇性，展示了看上去零散多樣的經(jīng)歷與觀念，以及漫無(wú)邊際的情感與心境。41. The Sons and Sonnets, by which Donne is probably best known, contains most of his early lyrics.歌與短歌是鄧恩最有名的詩(shī)

26、集，囊括了他早期大多數(shù)愛(ài)情詩(shī)作。42. In his gloomy poem “Farewell to love,” we can see his disillusionment.在憂傷的詩(shī)作告別愛(ài)情中我們就可以感受到他對(duì)愛(ài)情幻想的破滅。43. With the brief, simple language, the argument is continuous throughout the poem.議論依附于一種簡(jiǎn)潔平白的語(yǔ)言，并貫穿于整首詩(shī)作。 John Milton約翰.彌爾頓44. he was entirely occupied with the thoughts of fight

27、ing for human freedom.他頭腦中充滿了為人類自由而戰(zhàn)的思想。45. Miltons literary achievements can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the great poem.彌爾頓的文學(xué)作品可分為三類：早期詩(shī)作，中期的散文小冊(cè)子和后期的偉大詩(shī)作。46. Milton wrote his three major poetical works: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Sam

28、son Agonistes.他的三部偉大詩(shī)作:失樂(lè)園復(fù)樂(lè)園和力士參孫。47. The theme of Paradise Lost is the “Fall of Man”. In the fall of man Adam discovered his full humanity.失樂(lè)園的主題是人類的沉淪。在沉淪之中，亞當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己身上的人性。48. Milton held that God created all things out of Himself, including evil.他認(rèn)為上帝是按照他自己的樣子造出的世界，其中也包括罪惡。49. It opens the way for

29、 the voluntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of evil.為基督自愿獻(xiàn)身開(kāi)辟了道路，這也顯示出上帝欲將人類從罪惡與苦難中拯救出來(lái)的同情心。50. In Samson Agonistes, the whole poem strongly suggests Miltons passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own li

30、fe.在力士參孫中，整首詩(shī)都強(qiáng)烈暗示著彌爾頓渴望他自己也能像參孫一樣以生命為代價(jià)與敵人同歸于盡。51. In his life, Milton shows himself a real revolutionary, a master poet and a great prose writer.彌爾頓畢生都展現(xiàn)了真正的革命精神和非凡的詩(shī)歌才華。52. paradise Lost:人類由于理性不強(qiáng)意志薄弱經(jīng)不起考驗(yàn)，暗示英國(guó)自產(chǎn)主義革命失敗的原因。 Chapter2 The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798)新古典主義1. In short, it was an age

31、full of conflicts and divergence of values.總之，這一時(shí)期是矛盾與價(jià)值觀分歧的時(shí)期。2. The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.英國(guó)的十八世紀(jì)也同時(shí)是啟蒙主義時(shí)代，或曰理性時(shí)代。3. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.運(yùn)動(dòng)的主旨便是用當(dāng)

32、代哲學(xué)與藝術(shù)思想的晨光啟迪整個(gè)世界。4. Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and rules.啟蒙者主張理性是任何人思想與行動(dòng)的唯一緣由。他們大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and

33、moralizing, became a very popular means of public education.其實(shí)當(dāng)時(shí)的文學(xué)作品種充滿了說(shuō)教與道德理念，就已經(jīng)成為大眾教育的良好工具。6. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays, Jonathan Swift, Dan

34、iel Defoe, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson.英國(guó)著名的啟蒙主義文學(xué)家有約翰.德萊頓，亞歷山大.蒲柏，約瑟夫.艾迪森與理查.斯蒂爾（這兩位是現(xiàn)代散文先驅(qū)），喬納森.斯威夫特，丹尼爾.迪福，理查.B.謝立丹，亨利.費(fèi)爾丁和塞繆爾.約翰遜。7. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域，啟蒙主義運(yùn)動(dòng)

35、還使人們重新對(duì)古典時(shí)代的著作產(chǎn)生興趣。8. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.他們認(rèn)為理想的藝術(shù)應(yīng)基于秩序，邏輯，確切及情感控制的基礎(chǔ)上，而文學(xué)作品的價(jià)值評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該看它是否為人文主義服務(wù)。9. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art

36、 developed.由此一種溫文爾雅，充滿靈性的知識(shí)分子文學(xué)藝術(shù)發(fā)展起來(lái)。10. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature.在幾乎所有的文學(xué)形式中，新古典主義者們都設(shè)定了創(chuàng)作的規(guī)矩與條框。11. Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space and action should b

37、e strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and type characters rather than individuals should be represented.戲劇必須用英雄體偶?。ㄒ謸P(yáng)五音步的押韻雙行詩(shī)）寫就, 時(shí)間地點(diǎn)事件三要素必須要遵循；寫作的規(guī)矩必須要遵守，而作品中的人物要代表一類人，而不是個(gè)性化。12. But it had a lasting wholesome influence upon English literature. (套話)但新古典主義對(duì)英國(guó)文學(xué)史產(chǎn)生過(guò)持

38、久全面的影響。13. The poetic techniques and certain classical graces such as order, good form, unified structure, clarity and conciseness of language developed in this period have become a permanent heritage.在這一時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的詩(shī)歌技巧與古典氣質(zhì)，如秩序，優(yōu)美的格式，統(tǒng)一的結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)明的語(yǔ)言都成為永恒的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。14. The mid-century was, however, predominated by

39、 a newly rising literary form-the modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people.十八世紀(jì)中葉，還興起一種嶄新的文學(xué)形式-英國(guó)現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)，這種文學(xué)與傳統(tǒng)貴族的騎士文學(xué)相反，著重描寫英國(guó)普通百姓的生活。15. Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson

40、, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias George Smollett, and Oliver Goldsmith.英國(guó)現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)先驅(qū)有丹尼爾.迪福，塞繆爾.理查德，亨利.費(fèi)爾丁，勞倫斯.斯泰思，托比亞斯.斯摩萊特以及奧立弗.哥爾斯密。16. From the middle part to the end of the century there was also an apparent shift of interest from the classicliterary tradition to originality and imagination

41、, from society to individual, and from the didactic to the confessional, inspirational and prophetic.從十八世紀(jì)中葉至十八世紀(jì)末，還出現(xiàn)了古典文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)向獨(dú)創(chuàng)性與豐富聯(lián)想性的轉(zhuǎn)移，社會(huì)描寫向個(gè)性描寫的轉(zhuǎn)移，說(shuō)教向懺悔，鼓勵(lì)及預(yù)示的轉(zhuǎn)移。17. Gothic novels-mostly stories of mystery and horror.哥特式小說(shuō)-主要講述恐怖神秘的故事。18. Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal being generally regard

42、ed as the best model of satire, not only of the period but also in the whole English literary history.喬納森.斯威夫特的一個(gè)小小的建議被公認(rèn)為英國(guó)文學(xué)史上諷刺作品的經(jīng)典。 John Bunyan約翰.班揚(yáng)19. As a stout Puritan, he had made a conscientious study of the Bible and firmly believed in salvation through spiritual struggle.作為一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的清教徒，他認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)

43、圣經(jīng)并深信人一定能通過(guò)精神上的奮斗得到拯救。20. he made it possible for the reader of the least education to share the pleasure of reading his novel and to relive the experience of his characters.他的語(yǔ)言具體生動(dòng)，情節(jié)鮮明真實(shí)，連沒(méi)受過(guò)教育的人也能享受到閱讀他的作品的樂(lè)趣。21. Bunyans other works include Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, The Life and D

44、eath of Mr. Badman, The Holy War and The Pilgrims Progress, Part II.班揚(yáng)其他的作品還有罪人頭目的赦免拜得門先生生死錄圣戰(zhàn)天路歷程第二部. 22. The Vanity Fair.名利場(chǎng)（節(jié)選天路歷程第一部）The Pilgrims Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek sal

45、vation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils.天路歷程是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓言。主旨是讓人們遵循基督教教義并通過(guò)不斷戰(zhàn)勝自身弱點(diǎn)與身外邪惡來(lái)獲得拯救。 Alexander Pope亞歷山大.蒲伯23. pope, a very sensitive man, would strike back hard, and in the constant verbal battles he developed a style of biting satire.蒲伯本身是

46、個(gè)很敏感的人，自然要用筆墨來(lái)反擊，在此期間他發(fā)展了犀利的諷刺文體。24. For him the supreme value was order-cosmic order, political order, social order, aesthetic order, and this emphasis on order found expression in all of his works.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)秩序有著至高無(wú)上的價(jià)值-宇宙秩序政治秩序社會(huì)秩序美學(xué)秩序。這種對(duì)秩序與理性的強(qiáng)調(diào)深入到了他各部作品中。25. Pope made his name as a great poet with th

47、e publication of An Essay on Criticism in 1711. The next year, he published The Rape of the Lock, a finest mock epic.1711年他出版了散文論批評(píng)從此奠定了他在詩(shī)壇的地位。次年又出版了奪發(fā)記，一部極妙的諷刺史詩(shī)。26. Pope was the greatest poet of his time. He strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by cla

48、ssical rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.蒲伯是當(dāng)時(shí)最偉大的詩(shī)人，他大力提倡新古典主義，強(qiáng)調(diào)文學(xué)作品的優(yōu)劣應(yīng)由古典的秩序尺度，理性，邏輯，情感的克制，高雅品位以及是否體面，正派來(lái)衡量。27. He worked painstakingly on his poems, developed a satiric, concise, smooth, graceful and well-balanced style.他致力于詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作，發(fā)展了諷刺，簡(jiǎn)練，通順，優(yōu)雅，平衡的風(fēng)格。 Dani

49、el Defoe丹尼爾.迪福28. His quick mind, abundant energy and never-failing enthusiasm always brought him back on his feet after a fall.他過(guò)人的才智，充沛的精力，旺盛而持久的熱情總是使他在失敗后能重新站起。29. Robinson Crusoe, an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time, is universally considered his masterpiece.魯賓遜漂流記是一部體現(xiàn)時(shí)代精神的游記

50、歷險(xiǎn)小說(shuō)，是笛福的代表作。30. In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hard-working, study middle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate poor.在他大部分作品中他都表達(dá)了對(duì)勤勞堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的贊譽(yù)，以及對(duì)破落不幸的窮苦人的同情。31. Defoe was a very good story-teller.笛福很會(huì)講故事。32. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and pl

51、ain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration.他的語(yǔ)句時(shí)而短小干脆樸素直白， 時(shí)而又氣勢(shì)磅礴潑墨如水，為讀者留下了敘述自由悠閑的印象。33. His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular.他的措辭簡(jiǎn)樸易懂又口語(yǔ)化，有時(shí)甚至是俗語(yǔ)方言。34. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is common Englis

52、h at its beat.他的語(yǔ)言毫無(wú)造作，完全是大眾英語(yǔ)。35. Robinson Crusoe: The novel consists actually of three parts.魯賓遜漂流記: 整部小說(shuō)分為三個(gè)部分. The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson single-handedly against the hostile nature forms the best part of the novel. Robinson is here a real hero: a typical eightee

53、nth-century English middle-class man., the pioneer colonist.對(duì)魯賓遜徒手與惡劣的大自然作斗爭(zhēng)的描述是小說(shuō)最精彩部分。在此魯賓遜是真正的英雄：一個(gè)典型的英國(guó)十八世紀(jì)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)人士。 Jonathan Swift喬納森.斯威夫特36. In 1704 he published two powerful satires on corruption in religion and learning, A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, which established his name a

54、s a satirist.1704年他針對(duì)宗教和學(xué)術(shù)界的腐敗出版了兩篇犀利的諷刺小品:桶的故事書籍的戰(zhàn)斗。這兩篇作品奠定了他在諷刺作品中地位。37. Even today Swift is still respected as a national hero in Ireland.直至今日斯威夫特還被尊為愛(ài)爾蘭的民族英雄。38. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed. To better human life, enlightenment is needed.他認(rèn)為人性永遠(yuǎn)有著嚴(yán)重的瑕疵，為了使人的生活

55、更美好人們需要啟蒙。39. In his writings, although he intends not to condemn but to reform and improve human nature and human institutions.在他的作品中他提倡的不是譴責(zé)而是采取行為改良人性與人為的機(jī)構(gòu)。40. His “A Modest Proposal” is generally taken as a perfect model.他的一個(gè)溫和的建議被認(rèn)為是一篇完善的典范。41. Swift is one of the greatest masters of English pr

56、ose.斯威夫特是一名優(yōu)秀的散文作家。42. He defined a good style as “proper words in proper places.”Clear, simple, concrete diction, uncomplicated sentence structure, economy and conciseness of language mark all his writings-essays, poems and novels.他創(chuàng)立了一種良好的文風(fēng)即“在恰當(dāng)?shù)牡胤接们‘?dāng)?shù)脑~”。無(wú)論是散文詩(shī)歌還是小說(shuō)，簡(jiǎn)潔具體精確，沒(méi)有復(fù)雜的句式永遠(yuǎn)是他寫作風(fēng)格。43. Swi

57、fts chief works are: A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, The Drapiers Letters(note rapier=Swift, alias), Gullivers Travels and A Modest Proposal.斯威夫特的作品主要有桶的故事書籍的戰(zhàn)斗德拉皮爾的信格列佛游記一個(gè)溫和的建議。44. Gullivers Travels: Jonathans best fictional work, the book contains four parts. Its social significance

58、is great and its exploration into human nature profound.格列佛游記是斯威夫特最精彩的一部小說(shuō)，全書分為四卷，它具有重大的社會(huì)意義同時(shí)對(duì)人性的探索與揭示也是深刻的。 Henry Fielding亨利.費(fèi)爾丁45. During his career as a dramatist, Fielding had attempted a considerable number of forms of play.在他戲劇創(chuàng)作生涯里，費(fèi)爾丁曾嘗試過(guò)許多不同的戲劇模式。46. Of all his plays, the best known are Th

59、e Coffee-House Politician, The Tragedy of Tragedies, Pasquin, and The Historical Register for the Year 1736.他的作品中最有名的要數(shù)咖啡屋的政治家悲劇中的悲劇巴斯昆1736歷史年鑒。47. a “comic epic in prose,” whose subject is “the true ridiculous” in human nature.“散文體喜劇史詩(shī)”，主題是人類本性中的荒唐，對(duì)人性進(jìn)行了真實(shí)的諷刺。48. The dominating qualities of the novel are its excellent character-portrayal, tim