Unit9KidsandComputersDigitalDanger翻譯

1、WORD格式PAGE1 / NUMPAGES4Unit9KidsandComputers:DigitalDangerAlisonSperry1.Theresafamiliarsaying,Playischildrenswork.Throughplay,peoplewhostudychilddevelopmenttellus,childrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.Playinghouseorschool,forexample,helpsthemtryontherolesofMomorDado

2、rteacher.Athleticactivitieshelpkidsdevelopcoordination,learntoworkaspartofagroup,andgainconfidenceandasenseoffairplay.Evensolitaryactivitieslikereadingconnectchildrenwiththewiderworld,encouragingasenseofempathywiththegreaterhumanfamily.2.Butinveryrecentyears,otherformsofentertainmenthavehadanenormou

3、simpactongrowingchildren.Formanykids,computeractivitiesandvideogamesnowtakeupmuch-evenmost-ofthetimeformerlydevotedtomoretraditionalformsofplay.EnteringadulthoodnowarethefirstNintendobabies,agenerationraisedmoreonVirtualBoyandMortalKombatthanbaseballandUncleWiggly.Howhavetheybeenaffectedbythischange

4、intheconceptofplay?Socialscientists,parents,andtalkshowpunditswillbedebatingthequestionforyearstocome.Butwecanstartdrawingourownconclusions.Asamusingandingeniousaselectronicentertainmentcanbe,children-andsocietytheylivein-aretheloserswhentheyrelyontheseformsoffun.Unliketraditionalgamesandtoys,wirede

5、ntertainmentencourageskidstobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelydesensitizedtotheworldaroundthem.3.WatchachildtakeaballofPlay-Dohinherhandandbegintorollitexperimentally.Firstitsasimpleball,thenasnake.Thesnakemightbecomeafigureeightorabracelet.Shecoilsthebraceletontopofitselftocreateapotthatsh

6、eusesforamake-believeteaparty.Nextshesmashesthepotbackintoaball,whichmaynextmorphintoasnowman,ahorseshead,abunny,aseaserpent,oraskyscraper.Withnothingbutherhandsandaninexpensivechunkofflourandsalt,sheformsauniverseinwhichshemakestherulesandcreatestheinhabitants.Whenshetiresofit,shecanwaditbackintoas

7、hapelessmassthatawaitshernextcreativeimpulse.TheactofplayingwiththePlay-Dohsparksotherinterestsmaybeshellworkwithmodelingclaythatshecanbakeintoapermanentform,orpaints,orpapier-machAlthoughshedoesntgivewhatshesdoingagreatdealofthought,sheslearningsomethingvaluable:Iamacreator.Icangivemyideastangiblef

8、orm.4.Avideogame,ontheotherhand,iscynicallyprogrammedtogivetheillusionofcreativity.TheplayerisgivenvariouschoicesateveryturnWhichdoorwillIgothrough?WhichweaponwillIuse?WhatclueshallIread?Buttheyarechoicesinthesamesensethatapigeonspeckingatalevertogetagrainofcornisachoice.Theplayerisasmuchatooloftheg

9、ameasthejoystick.Hermomentaryfunisunsatisfyingbecauseitleadsnottoanygenuinesenseofachievementbutonlytothehypnoticexperienceofwatchingsomeoneelsescreationunfold.HandaballofPlay-Dohtoachildrearedonthesterileadventureofvideogames,andyoureapttogetablanklookandthehesitantquestion,WhatdoIdowithit?Thevideo

10、gameplayerlearnsherownlesson:Idontcreate.Iletsomeoneelsescreativityhappeninfrontofme.第1頁共4頁5.ItsabeautifulSaturdayinautumn,andagroupofkidsareplayingapickupgameofsoccer.Adisputearisesaboutwhetherakickwentoverthefoulline.Someofthekidsaresureitdid;othersinsistthatitdidnot.Voicesareraised;tempersflare.M

11、aybeahotheadortwowillstalkoffthefield.Buttheskyiscrystalblue,andtherearechoreswaitingathome.Makingaquickcalculationabouttherelativebenefitsofcontinuingthegame,theplayersworkoutasolution.Maybetheyreplaythekick.Maybetheyflipacoin.Maybetheyagreetosaythattheballwasfair,orfoul.Theirwillingnesstocompromis

12、e,toaccepttheideathatsuchgive-and-takeispartoflife,allowsthegametoproceed.Theplayersmoveon,havinglearnedasmalllessonaboutgettingalongwithothers.6.ContrastthatscenewiththeworldoftheInternetchatrooms,wheremanyadolescentsspenduncountablehours.OnthatsamelovelySaturday,ayoungInternetqueenhunchesoverherke

13、yboard,aloneinherroom.Herbuddylistincludesdozens,evenscores,offriendsshesnevermet.Herfingersflyacrossthekeyboardassheracesfromonedialogueboxtoanother,keepingupmultipleconversations.Thesearepeculiarconversations,however,includingnoneofthevulnerabilitythatispartofreal-worldfriendship.Inthebuddy-chatwo

14、rld,statusisbasedontheabilitytokeepuparapidpaceofone-liners,insultingzingers,causticput-downs.Thechatqueensmostintimatefriendshipstaketheformofbriefallianceswithbuddieswhojoinwithhertoflameanotherchatterwhohasdispleasedthem.Ifthatallyeventuallybecomesannoying,too,zap!Shecaninstantaneouslyerasehimfro

15、mherbuddylist,orevenblockhimsoheisunabletocontactheragain.Itsnogreatloss.Thereareliterallymillionsofnewacquaintanceswaitingtobepickedupinachatroomtofillthatvoid.Thelesson:Ishouldnthavetoworkatrelationships.Theycomeandgoinstantlyandatmyconvenience.Ifsomeonedispleasesme,Icanmakethatpersondisappear.7.W

16、henkidssitdowntoplayMonopoly,theyformalooselyknitgroupthatisstillpartoftheworldaroundit.Whencompanyarrivesatthehouse,itsnoproblemtohaltthegamebriefly.Theplayerscangreetvisitors,laughtogether,talkaboutthegame,evenquicklyrearrangeittoincludenewplayers.Evenafterthegamecontinues,chattingwithotherplayers

17、andnon-playersiseasilyaccomplished.Despitetheirinvolvementinthegame,theplayersarenotruledbyit.Humancontact,courtesy,andcommunicationarenotseenasthreatstotheirenjoyment.Theyarelearningthattheycanenjoytheirownactivitiesandstillbesensitivetothelargerworldaroundthem.8.Contrastthisboardgamescenewithoneth

18、athasbecomedepressinglyfamiliarinmanylivingrooms.VisitorsarriveatahometofindachildhunchedinfrontoftheTVset,videocontrolsinhislap.Evenwhenspokentodirectly,hedoesnotpullhiseyesfromthescreen.Implaying!ishisfuriousresponseifthevisitorspersistintryingtoengagehisattention.Fartoooften,evenhisparents,intimi

19、datedbythehigh-priced,high-techgadgetthathassuckedtheirchildshumanityaway,tiptoearoundratherthandisturbhim.Thegameitselfisalltoolikelytobeonethatpresentsthemosthideoussufferingasentertainment,withtheplayerintheroleofpsychotickiller-maybeinDukeNukem,withitstwenty-threelevelsofnonstopcarnage!orBloodyR

20、oar,whichofferstheplayermorewaystomaim,crush,anddevouryourenemiesthanever.第2頁共4頁9.Thelesson?10.Isntittooawfultothinkabout?ChineseTranslationofParagraphs1.有一句眾人皆知的俗語：“玩是孩子們的工作?！毖芯績和l(fā)展的人告訴我們，孩子就是在玩的過程中培養(yǎng)技能和世界觀，并由此決定他們長成怎樣的成人。比如說，扮家家或假裝上學(xué)幫助他們“嘗試”媽媽、爸爸或老師的角色。體育活動幫助他們養(yǎng)成協(xié)作精神，學(xué)會作為團(tuán)隊(duì)一員的工作方法，以及培養(yǎng)自信心和光明磊落意識。甚

21、至獨(dú)自一人開展的活動，像閱讀，讓孩子們接觸更為廣闊的世界，鼓勵他們養(yǎng)成對更多人富有同情心。2.然而，近幾年來，其他的娛樂形式對孩子的成長產(chǎn)生了巨大的沖擊?，F(xiàn)在有許多孩子，電腦活動和電子游戲占據(jù)了他們的許多甚至所有的時(shí)間，以前這些時(shí)間是花在比較傳統(tǒng)游戲上面的?，F(xiàn)在長大成人的是第一批玩“任天堂”的孩子，是一代憑借玩“虛擬男孩”和“致命戰(zhàn)斗”養(yǎng)大的，而并非靠打壘球或看連環(huán)畫維格列大叔帶大的。這種“玩”的理念上的變化對孩子產(chǎn)生了什么影響？社會科學(xué)家、家長，還有脫口秀專家在未來的歲月里將對這個(gè)問題爭論不休。不過，我們可以開始得出我們自己的結(jié)論。雖然電子娛樂也許是很有趣，也很富有創(chuàng)意，但是，一旦沉湎于這種

22、形式的娛樂，孩子以及他們生活的社會必定是輸家。與傳統(tǒng)的游戲和玩具不同，“聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的娛樂形式會造成孩子缺乏想象力、社會生活不成熟，以及對身邊世界毫無掩飾地麻木不仁的后果。3.看著一個(gè)孩子抓起一團(tuán)橡皮泥，開始試著讓它滾動起來。開始是一個(gè)普通的球，接著變成了一條蛇。這條蛇或許會變成8字形或一個(gè)手鐲。孩子把手鐲的上端卷起來，做出一把茶壺，她用這把茶壺舉行一場假裝的茶話會。接下來，她把茶壺又捏成一團(tuán)，或許再做成雪人、馬頭、小兔子、海蛇，或者摩天大樓。除了用自己的雙手、一團(tuán)用面粉和鹽混成的不值錢的一團(tuán)東西，她不需要其他的東西，就可以做出一個(gè)世界，為之制定規(guī)則和創(chuàng)造居民。等她玩膩了，可以把它再次捏成沒有形狀的

23、一團(tuán)，等待下一次的創(chuàng)作沖動。玩耍橡皮泥還會激發(fā)其他的興趣她可能會用建模黏土做一樣?xùn)|西，烤制成一個(gè)永久的形狀，或者圖畫，再或者紙漿制品。雖然她對自己做的事情沒花太多的心思，但是她學(xué)會了有價(jià)值的東西：我是個(gè)創(chuàng)造者，我能給自己的想法賦予具體的形狀。4.然而，電子游戲很可笑，是人為編程的，給人創(chuàng)新性的假想。玩游戲的人每一步有各種選擇：要進(jìn)那扇門？要用哪種武器？要閱讀哪條線索？但是，這種選擇，與鴿子口啄杠桿得到一粒玉米的選擇是同樣的道理。玩游戲的人與游戲操縱桿一樣，都是游戲的工具。她那短暫的快樂是無法讓她滿足的，因?yàn)橛螒驇聿⒎钦嬲饬x上的成就感，而只不過是迷迷糊糊地看著別人創(chuàng)作的東西展現(xiàn)眼前的一種體驗(yàn)

24、。那一團(tuán)橡皮泥要是交給在電子游戲貧乏的冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷中長大的孩子，很可能看到一臉茫然，還有猶豫不定的問題：“我用它干什么?。俊蓖骐娮佑螒虻娜宋∷约旱慕?jīng)驗(yàn)：我不創(chuàng)造。我讓別人的創(chuàng)造發(fā)生在我的眼前。5.那是一個(gè)秋天美麗的周六，有一群孩子臨時(shí)組織了一場足球賽。突然他們?yōu)樽闱蚴遣皇翘叱隽诉吘€爭論了起來。有幾個(gè)說肯定踢出界了；其余幾個(gè)堅(jiān)持說沒有。嗓門提高了，火氣也大了。也許一兩個(gè)暴脾氣的家伙會大步走出場地。不過，天空一片湛藍(lán)，而且家里還有些雜活要干。很快地盤算一下繼續(xù)踢球有什么好處，于是球員們做出決定。也許他們重新踢一腳。也許他們擲硬幣。也許他們一致同意，說那球沒出線，或出線了。他們愿意妥協(xié)，接受第3頁共4頁在生活中就得互諒互讓的理念，使得這場游戲繼續(xù)下去。踢足球的孩子繼續(xù)踢球，稍稍學(xué)會了與人相處的道理。6.拿互聯(lián)網(wǎng)聊天室的場景來做個(gè)比較。有許多孩子在聊天室里不知道耗費(fèi)了多少個(gè)小時(shí)。同樣在那個(gè)可愛的星期六，一名年青的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)皇后躬身坐在鍵盤前，房間里就她一個(gè)人。她的網(wǎng)友包括十幾個(gè)，甚至幾十個(gè)從來沒有見過面的“朋友”。她的手指飛快地在鍵盤上移動，不停地從一個(gè)對話框轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個(gè)對話框，同時(shí)與好幾個(gè)人對話。然而，這是些奇怪的對