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1、PAGE1 / NUMPAGES61.It作先行主語(yǔ)和先行賓語(yǔ)的一些句型Shehadsaidwhatitwasnecessarytosay.2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itisnotwhorulesusthatisimportant,buthowherulesus.3.All+抽象名詞或抽象名詞+itself(very+形容詞)Hewasallgentlenesstoher.4.利用詞匯重復(fù)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)Acrimeisacrimeacrime.5.something(much)of和nothing(little)ofsomethingof相當(dāng)于tosomeextent,表示程度。在疑問(wèn)句或條件從句中,則為anyt
2、hingof,可譯為有點(diǎn),略微等。譯為毫無(wú),全無(wú)。muchof譯為大有,notmuchof可譯為算不上,稱不上,littleof可譯為幾乎無(wú)。somethinglike譯為有點(diǎn)像,略似。Theysaythathehadnouniversityeducation,butheseemstobesomethingofascholar.6.同格名詞修飾是指of前后的兩個(gè)名詞都指同一個(gè)人或物,of以及它前面的名詞構(gòu)一個(gè)形容詞短語(yǔ),以修飾of后面的那個(gè)名詞。如heroldsharperofafather,可譯為:她那騙子般的父親。Thosepigsofgirlseatsomuch.7.asascan(ma
3、y)beItisasplainasplaincanbe.8.Itisin(with)asin(with)Itisinlifeasinajourney.9.asgoodas相等于,就像,幾乎如;實(shí)際上,其實(shí),實(shí)在。Themerchantasgoodaspromisedtheorphanboy,thathewouldadopthim.10.manyaswellas和mightaswellasmanyaswellas可譯為與其,不如,更好,以這樣做為宜,如同,也可以等等。mightaswellas表示不可能的事,可譯為猶如,可與一樣荒唐,與其那樣不如這樣的好等等。Onemayaswellnotkno
4、wathingatallasknowitimperfectly.11.tomakeof的譯法(使成為,把當(dāng)作)Iwillmakeascientistofmyson.12.oo+不定式,not(never)too+不定式,toonot+不定式Sheistooangrytospeak.13.only(not,all,but,never)tootodoso和tooready(apt)+todo結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式也沒(méi)有否定意義,凡是not,allbut等字后+tooto,不定式都失去了否定意義,在tooready(apt)+todo結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式也沒(méi)有否定意義。Youknowbuttooyelltohol
5、dyourtongue.14.nomorethan句型Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutasoulisaman.15.notsomuchas和notsomuchas結(jié)構(gòu),notsomuchas=notsomuchas,其中as有進(jìn)可換用butrather,可譯為:與其說(shuō)是毋須說(shuō)是。而notsomuchas=without(not)even,可譯為甚至還沒(méi)有。Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.16.Nothingismorethan和Nothingissoas結(jié)構(gòu),Nothingismo
6、rethan和Nothingissoas都具有最高級(jí)比較的意思,NothingI可換用no,nobody,nowhere,little,few,hardly,scarcely等等,可譯為沒(méi)有比更為,像再?zèng)]有了,最等。Nothingismorepreciousthantime.17.cannottoo結(jié)構(gòu),cannottoo意為Itisimpossibletooverdo或者,即無(wú)論怎樣也不算過(guò)分。not可換用hardly,scarcely等,too可換用enough,sufficient等。Youcannotbetoocareful.18.否定+but結(jié)構(gòu),在否定詞后面的but,具有which
7、not,whonot,thatnot,等等否定意義,構(gòu)成前后的雙重否定。可譯成沒(méi)有不是或都等。Nothingissobadbutitmighthavebeenworse.19.否定+until(till)結(jié)構(gòu),在否定詞no,not,never,little,few,seldom等的后邊所接用的until/till,多數(shù)情況下譯為直到才,要才,把否定譯為肯定。Nobodyknowswhathecandotillhehastried.20.notsobut和notsuchabut結(jié)構(gòu),這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)和否定+but的結(jié)構(gòu)差不多,不同之點(diǎn)是這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的but是含有thatnot意味的連續(xù)詞,表示程度???/p>
8、譯為還沒(méi)有到不能做的程度,并不是不,無(wú)論怎樣也不是不能等。Heisnotsosickbuthecancometoschool.21.疑問(wèn)詞+shouldbut結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示過(guò)去的意外的事,意為nonebut,可譯為除了還有誰(shuí)會(huì),豈料,想不到竟是等。Whoshouldwriteitbuthimself?22.whoknowsbut(that)和whocouldshouldbut結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是反問(wèn)形式,一般意譯為多半,亦未可知等等,有時(shí)也可直譯。Whoknowsbut(that)hemaygo?23.祈使句+and和祈使句+or結(jié)構(gòu),祈使句+and表示Ifyou,祈使名+or表示ifnot,
9、you。24.名詞+and結(jié)構(gòu),在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞等于狀語(yǔ)從句,或表示條件,或表示時(shí)間。Aword,andhewouldlosehistemper.25.as,so結(jié)構(gòu),這里的so的意思是inthesameway(也是如此)。此結(jié)構(gòu)表明兩個(gè)概念在程度上和關(guān)系上相似。Asrusteatsiron,socareeatstheheart.26.ifany結(jié)構(gòu),ifany和ifever,意思是果真有,即使有,表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。與此類似的還有:ifanything(如有不同的話,如果稍有區(qū)別),ifaday(=atleast,至少)。Thereislittle,ifany,hope.27.beitever(
10、never)so和letitbeever(never)so結(jié)構(gòu),這里,beit中的be是古英語(yǔ)假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣的遺留形式,現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)則使用letitbe。everso和neverso都表示同一意思,都表示very。Beiteversohumble(letitbeeversohumble),homeishome.28.thelast+不定式和thelast+定語(yǔ)從詞結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的last意思是theleastlikely,用于否定性推論??勺g為最不大可能的,最不合適的,由原意的最后一個(gè)變成最不可能的一個(gè)。Heisthelastmantoacceptabride.29.sothat句型,這個(gè)句型的意思是
11、如此,以致于,但在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),許多情況下,并不是一定要譯成如此以致于,而是變通表達(dá)其含義。Heransofastthatnobodycouldcatchhimup.30.more+than+原級(jí)形容詞(副詞)結(jié)構(gòu),這是將不同性質(zhì)加以比較,其中的more有rather的意思。Itismorethanprobablethathewillfall.31.morethan+動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)詞的程度,可譯為異常,豈止,十二分地等。Thismorethansatisfiedme.32.goodand的副詞用法,譯為非常,很等。類似還有niceand,fineand,lovelyand,brigh
12、tand,rareand,bigand等,均表示程度。Theapplesaregoodandripe.33.andthat結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)andthat應(yīng)譯為而且,表示對(duì)它前面陳述部分的語(yǔ)氣加強(qiáng),that代表前面的整個(gè)陳述部分。Returntoyourwork,andthatatonce.34.atonceand結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)譯為既又,起相關(guān)連接的作用,相當(dāng)于bothand。That結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是在那一點(diǎn)上(方面),可譯為因?yàn)?。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有inthis。Thebudgetisunrealisticint
13、hatitdisregardsincreasedcosts.36.thenamenotwithstanding結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中notwithstanding是介詞,這個(gè)介詞可以置前,可以置后,比如也可寫成:notwithstandingthename。起讓步狀語(yǔ)的作用。Somepeoplethinkofthestoragebatteryasasortofcondenserwhereelectricityisstored.Butthisisanentirelywrongconception,thenamenotwithstanding.37.Everynot和Allnot結(jié)構(gòu),Everynot表
14、示不見(jiàn)得每個(gè)都是;Allnot表示不見(jiàn)得所有都是的意思。Everymanisnotpolite,andallarenotborngentlemen.38.mayaswellnotas結(jié)構(gòu),此結(jié)構(gòu)可譯為與其不如不。Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitbutimperfectly.39.haveonlytodo結(jié)構(gòu),此結(jié)構(gòu)表示只須(消)就能的意思。WehaveonlytoturntothatextraordinarydiscoverymadebyEdisontoseethesignificanceofit.40.not(no)unless句型Noincrea
15、seinoutputcanbeexpectedunlessanewassemblylineisinstalled.41.betterthan句型Bettermylifeshouldbeendedbytheirhate,thanthathatedlifeshouldbeprolongedtolivewithoutyourlove.42.asitwere是一個(gè)非常常用的插入語(yǔ),意思是好象,可以說(shuō)等。Apieceofironnearamagnet,thoughapparentlyseparatefromit,feels,asitwere,thethreadsofthisattachment.43.復(fù)
16、雜結(jié)構(gòu),在下面例句中,由于anyone的定語(yǔ)從句過(guò)長(zhǎng),把謂語(yǔ)mustrealize提到定語(yǔ)從句之前。Thoughfaithandconfidencearesurelymoreorlassforeigntomynature,Idonotinfrequentlyfindmyselflookingtothemtobeable,diligent,candid,andevenhonest.Plainlyenough,thatistoolargeanorder,asanyonemustrealizewhoreflectsuponthemannerinwhichtheyreachpublicoffice.4
17、4.notanymorethan為:不能,正如不能。Onecannotlearntosketchandexpresshimselfgraphicallyonlybyreadingaboutitanymorethanonecanlearntoswimwhilestandingbythepool.45.Bythatasitmay是Letitbethatasitmay的省略形式,是由be引起的另外一種假設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu),意思是雖然如此,盡管這樣。Itissaidthatthenervepoisonisthemoreprimitiveofthetwo,thatthebloodpoisonis,sotospeak
18、,anewproductfromanimprovedformula.Bethatasitmay,thenervepoisondoesitsbusinesswithmanfarmorequicklythanthebloodpoison.46.ifatall是一個(gè)由if引起的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的短句結(jié)為即將,即使等。Icanseeonlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatall.47.由there引起的句型容易產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu).Therehavebeenopeneduptothevastandexcellentscience,inwhichmyworkisthebeginning,wa
19、ysandmeansbywhichothermindsmoreaccuratethanwinewillexploreitsremotecorners.48.rangefromto結(jié)構(gòu)。這是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu),譯時(shí)很多情況下應(yīng)變通處理,不能完全依靠辭典上的釋義。Computerapplicationsrangefromanassemblylinecompletelyrunbycomputerstoachildrentoyrespondingtoremotesignals.49.theway結(jié)構(gòu)Ialwaysthoughtshewasacommon-sensepersonwhodiscussedthin
20、gsthewaytheyoughttobediscussed.50.復(fù)雜賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofsensitiveandaccuratemeasuringequipmenthasmadeitpossibletomeasuretheacuityofhearingofanyindividualatdifferentfrequencies.51.某些分隔結(jié)構(gòu)1)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)相關(guān)部分被分隔(當(dāng)makeuseof,takenoticeof,payattentionto,等動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí))。Useismadeofsolarenergyinheatinghou
21、ses.2)雙重定語(yǔ)引起的分隔。Butthereisofcultureanotherview,inwhichnotsolelythescientificpassion,thesheerdesiretoseethingsastheyare,naturalandproperinanintelligentbeing,appearsasthegroundofit.52.tobedoingwhen是一個(gè)句型,多譯為某人正在做時(shí),突然。在簡(jiǎn)單的句子中容易看出,一旦句子變得復(fù)雜一些,可能就不太容易識(shí)別這種句型。Shesaidsheandafriendhadgoneouttodinnerthatnight,a
22、ndwerewalkinghometogetheratabout10oclock,whenaverybig,verytallman,accostedthemanddemandedtheirpurses.53.tooto句型ThenIrememberedhowoftenI,too,hadbeenindifferenttothegrandeurofeachday,toopreoccupiedwithpettyandsometimesevenmeanconcernstorespondtothesplendorofitall.54.somuchthat句型Buthedevelopedgradually
23、averymusicalEnglish.Helearnttowritesentencesthatfallawayontheearwithamistylanguoranditdelightedhimsomuchthathecouldneverhaveenoughofit.55.when引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)并不好譯,不能一看到when從句就考慮譯為當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候,它還有許多種譯法。Anythingisbetterthannottowriteclearly.Thereisnothingtobesaidagainstlucidity,andagainstsimplicityonlythepossibilityo
24、fdryness.Thisisariskthatiswellworthtakingwhenyoureflecthowmuchbetteritistobeboldthantowearacurlywig.56.notbecause,有時(shí)可否定前面,有時(shí)可否定because本身,往往出現(xiàn)歧義。應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文面判定。In1600theearthwasnotthecenteroftheuniversebecausethemajoritythensupposeditwas;nor,becauseshehadmorereaders,wasEllawheelerWilcoxabetterpoetthanFath
25、erHopkins.57.sothat,suchthat是一個(gè)普通的句型,但在同一個(gè)句子里有兩處使用它卻比較少見(jiàn)。Thetruthis,thatinonepointofview,thismatterofnationalliteraturehascometosuchapasswithus,thatinsomesensewemustturnbullies,elsethedayislost,orsuperioritysofarbeyondus,thatwecanhardlysayitwilleverbeours.58.bydoing結(jié)構(gòu)。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是通過(guò)(做),但翻譯實(shí)踐中不能拘泥于這種釋義,不
26、少情況下需要靈活變通。Thehippos,bydepositingdunginthewater,fedthefishthatsupportthestorksthatdestroytheraretrees.59.下面例句為一倒裝句,主語(yǔ)很長(zhǎng),而且又含有非常復(fù)雜的句型。這是以形容詞作表語(yǔ)的倒裝,翻譯實(shí)踐中多把倒裝部分譯到最前面。Nolessobviousisthefacttherearegreatnumbersofpeoplesoconstitutedorsobroughtupthattheycannotgetsomuchpleasureoutofprocessesandexperiencesre
27、sultinginapoorerlifelessfullofmeaning.60.whatof句型IcannotsayofmyselfwhatJohnsonsaidofPope:Heneverpassedafaultunamendedbyindifference,norquitteditbydespair.IdonotwriteasIdo;IwriteasIcan.61.英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)習(xí)慣用法是:當(dāng)否定謂語(yǔ)think(believe)時(shí),實(shí)際上是否定其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。否定就落在賓語(yǔ)從句上。這樣賓語(yǔ)從句就變成了雙重否定,譯時(shí)可以按雙重否定譯,也可按肯定來(lái)譯。Itisavaluablework.Ido
28、notthinkanyonewritessowellthathecannotlearnmuchfromit.62.tohavenot(as)tosee中的不定式也有否定意味。Hehadnotthegoodbreedingtoseethatsimplicityandnaturalnessarethetruestmarksofdistinction.63.Itoccurredtosb.that意為突然想到,Itdawnedonsb.that.突然想起等。從句是想起的內(nèi)容。Irememberoncebeingonabusandlookingatastranger.Hesuddenlylookedba
29、ckatme-i.e.oureyesmet.Myinstinctivereactionwastoavertmygaze.ItoccurredtomethatifIhadcontinuedtomaintaineyecontact,Iwouldhavebeenrudeandaggressive.64.Itfollowsthat=Ithappensasaresult常常被譯為由此可見(jiàn),因此,從前,可以推斷等等。Itfollowsthatthehousewifewillalsoexpecttobeabletohavemoreleisureinherlifewithoutloweringherstand
30、ardofliving.Italsofollowsthathumandomesticservantswillhavecompletelyceasedtoexist.65.thatsallthereistoit,意思是也不過(guò)如此而已。可根據(jù)上下文視情況處理。IfImtouched,Imtouched-thatsallthereistoit.66.Thechancesarethat是一句型,譯為有可能。Thechancesareyouwillneverattemptthatspeedwithpoetryorwanttoracethoughsomepassagesinfictionoverwhichyouwishtolinger.67.Feel,see,leave引起賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),或在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中引起主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的某些慣用句型,有時(shí)see和feel這兩個(gè)詞的被動(dòng)式不大好譯。遇到這種情況應(yīng)挖掘其深層含義,不要拘泥于表面形式。Theeducationoftheyoungisseentobeofprimaryimportance.68.某此以no,nowhere,never,notbout,notany,nothingbut,hardly,scarcely,seldom等否定詞語(yǔ)引出的一些結(jié)構(gòu)。Inevergopastthetheat
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