2008高考英語復(fù)習(xí) 名詞性從句 語法講解課件牛津版

1、名詞性從句Noun Clauses一.related conception (相關(guān)概念)1.名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。The boy is li Ming.主語表語Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主語同位語賓語在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充當(dāng),這個句子就叫名詞性從句。3.什么是名詞性從句?名詞性從句主語從句 ( The Subject Clause)賓語從句 ( The Object Cl

2、ause) 表語從句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位語從句 ( The Appositive Clause)主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 不可省略), whether; 連接代詞有who, what ,which;連接副詞 when ,where, how, why 等.如:1).連接詞: that, whetherHe is a famous singer.It is known to us.1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he

3、is a famous singer.)Will we visit the Great Wall tomorrow?It has not been decided.Whether we will visit the Great Wall has not been decide.He will win the game.It is certain.Will he win the game?It is not certain.That he will win the game is certain.It is certain that he will win the game.Whether he

4、 will the game is not certain.2).連接代詞: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whatever, whicheverWhose bag is it ?It cant be told.Whose bag it is cant be told.What does he need?It is money.What he needs is money.無論你剛剛說什么都是對的.Whatever you said is all right.3).連接副詞: when, where, why, how, how many, ho

5、w much how long, how soon, how oftenWhen will we start tomorrow?It will be told soon.When we will start tomorrow will be told soon.我們將怎樣制定方案已經(jīng)被老師解釋清楚了.How we will make the plan has been explained clearly by the teacher.為什么他來這里還是不被人所知道.Why he comes here is not known.1.為什么有時侯用that, whether,有時侯用連接代詞 ,

6、或著有時候用連接副詞?2.它的語序有沒有變化?2.總結(jié):1).主語從句一律用陳述句語序,即主語在前,謂 語在后.2).連接詞that在從句中無實際意義,起引導(dǎo)作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略. When will he come is not known.錯誤When he will come is not known.He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.錯誤That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.但是 what is the matter 和 wh

7、at is wrong 不可改變語序 3).whether可以引導(dǎo)主語從句 解釋為是否,但if不能.4).whoever, whatever, whichever等詞可以引導(dǎo)主語從句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能,它們只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.5).為防止主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語. 例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/ that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/ that It is a pity/a s

8、hame/an honour/ that It doesnt matter whether/It seems that It happens thatWe believe (that) he is honest.I told him (that) I would come back soon.He said (that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語,放在實義動詞或介詞的后面.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that ?？墒÷?,whether, if; 代詞有who,

9、 whose,what ,which; 副詞有when ,where, how, why 等.如:總結(jié):2.注意點1).賓語從句一律用陳述句的語序.2).引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that也無實際意義,多數(shù) 情況下可以省略.3).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句但: (1).當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時,不用if.(2).介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.1.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞: 賓語從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞相同.例: I dont know whether I will stay or not.

10、3.放句首，解釋為“是否Whether she will go home is not unknown.4.表語從句解釋為 是否“用whetherThe question is whether we can collect enough money.4).that在賓語從句中的省略與保存 (1).在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補+that從句(真正賓語) 的句型中不省略.例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say.(2).由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,第一個that 可以省略,第二that不能省.He told me

11、(that) he would come and that he would come on time.表語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語,常放在be動詞的后面. 引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 不可省略),whether; 代詞有who, what ,which;副詞 when ,where, how, why 等.如:The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.This is how Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work

12、 at once.如果句子的主語是suggestion,advice.order等名詞時,后面引導(dǎo)的表語從句用should+動詞原形,should可省略.2.注意點1). 表語從句一律用陳述句的語序.2).表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that無實際意義,但不能省略.3).表語從句只能用whether,而不能用if 引導(dǎo).What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.The reason why he was late this morning is because that th

13、ere was a lot of traffic on the road.The reason why + 句子 be that + 從句.For +名詞今天早上他遲到的原因是因為路上行人太多.The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.或 This / it /that/ is because + 從句等句型.He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the r

14、oad.同位語從句 在句中起同位語的作用.一般放在名詞 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion 等之后,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that ;少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞how when where 等.如 :1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be de

15、layed will be discussed tomorrow.名詞suggestion,advice.order等詞后的同位語從句的謂語動詞要用should+動詞原形,should可省略.4.I have no idea when he will be back.注意1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句前面的名詞常見的有:idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word, hope, information等.2.t

16、hat 在從句中只是起引導(dǎo)作用, 不作任何成分.1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句I 名詞性從句的種類一、同位語從句與定語 從句的相似之處1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語 e.g. The news that our team has won the

17、final match is encouraging. 同位語從句我們隊取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.定語從句你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。一、同位語從句與定語 從句的相似之處2、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo) e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 同位語從句學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實用的東西的建議值得考慮。The suggestion that is worth consid

18、ering is that the students should learn something practical.定語從句值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實用的東西。二、同位語從句與定語 從句的不同之處1、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進一步 說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、 限定前面的名詞。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 從句說明“消息的內(nèi)容：我們隊取得了決賽勝利。The news that you told us is really encouraging.從句對“消息加以限定

19、：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。二、同位語從句與定語 從句的不同之處2、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. that 不充當(dāng)任何成分 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.that指代promise，又在從

20、句中充當(dāng)主語。 Tell the function of the following sentences. a.subject b. object c. predicative d. appositive(同位語)1.The idea that England stands for Fish& Chips,Speakers Corner ,Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.2.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.3.Th

21、e result of so much French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.4.Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land.5.That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.6.They realis

22、e that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.appositiveappositivepredicativeobjectsubjectobjectTell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3.

23、The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.NC-AppositiveACNC-AppositiveACNC-PredicativeNC-PredicativePracticeI. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sente

24、nces 說出以下從句的功能：A: Appositive同位語; B: Attributive定語His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent?5. Is this the c

25、ompany where your father works?6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence.7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.BBBII. Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is t

26、rue. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. thatII. Choose the best answer4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that

27、B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. whichII語序問題1.The photographs will show you _ MET89 A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village loo

28、k like D. how our village looks like 2.He asked_for a violin.MET92 A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because5. _ his d