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1、英語(yǔ)高考??贾R(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)大全第一部分:語(yǔ)音辨音(5 分)考點(diǎn)一: a,e,i,o,u 五個(gè)元音字母的發(fā)音:注意元音字母在重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)、閉音節(jié)中的讀音,非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音及特例情況:開(kāi)音節(jié)有兩種:1) 一種是在重讀音節(jié)中元音字母之后沒(méi)有輔音字母,叫絕對(duì)開(kāi)音節(jié)。 如: go no me paper2) 另一種是在元音字母之后有一個(gè)輔音字母(r 除外),而后面又跟上 一個(gè)不發(fā)音的元音字母 e,叫相對(duì)開(kāi)音節(jié)。如: home name face在重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)中,元音字母一律讀它的字母音,即長(zhǎng)音。閉音節(jié):以一個(gè)或幾個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾(r 除外),而中間只有一個(gè)元音字母的音節(jié)叫閉音節(jié)。在閉音節(jié)中,元音字母一律讀它的短

2、音。但是:a. 字母 a1) 在/w/后常發(fā)短音? 如 wash,what,want;2) 在 water 一詞中, a 發(fā)長(zhǎng)音/ ?:;3) 在 danger strange change 中發(fā)/ei/;4) 在 class cant father after 中發(fā)/a:/b. 字母 e在 ever even eve 這三個(gè)單詞中的發(fā)音分別為: /e/ /i:/ /i:/。c. 字母 i發(fā)/i:/ policeman machined. 字母 o發(fā)/u/ woman /i/ women在 m,n,v,th 前發(fā) / / come,son,love,does,mothere. 字母 u 發(fā)/i

3、/ busy 不發(fā)音 build (built)考點(diǎn)二:以-ed 結(jié)尾的單詞的詞尾正確讀音;清輔音后讀作/ t / .looked hoped濁、元音后讀作/ d / cleaned answeredt,d 之后加 ed, ed 讀/ id /started decided考點(diǎn)三:以-s,-es 結(jié)尾的單詞的詞尾正確讀音;清輔音后讀作/s/ .maps cakes濁、元音后讀作/z / bananas dogs在/s/、/z/、/d?/ 音之后讀/ iz / classes bridges washes houses考點(diǎn)四:常見(jiàn)字母組合的讀音;(字母組合包括:元音字母組合和輔音字母合)考點(diǎn)五:

4、不符合讀音規(guī)則的常用詞的讀音。1. 詞性變化引起讀音變化(1) 同形而不同詞性的單詞讀音變化excuse n./s/ v./z/separate v./ei/ adj./i/breath n. / / v./ e/record n./e/ v./i/absent adj./ ? / v./ ? /abstract adj./ ? / v./ ? /bow n./ ?u / v./au /(2)有些詞加后綴時(shí)引起讀音的變化nation /ei/national/ ? /know/ ? u/knowledge /?/south /sau/southern / ? se?n/2. 詞形變化引起讀音變

5、化(1) 可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的讀音變化 mouth / - -mouths / ez/ house /s/houses /ziz/woman / ? wum ? n/women / ?wimin/(2) 詞過(guò)去式中的讀音變化willwould /wud/shallshould /ud/cancould /kud/eatate /et,eit/meanmeant /;menthearheard /h ?:d/(3) 詞在否定縮寫(xiě)中的讀音變化cannotcant /ka:nt/shall notshant /a:nt/will notwont /w?unt/do notdont /d?unt/3 .復(fù)

6、合詞的讀音變化break/ei/breakfast/e/head/e/forehead/rid/hand / d /handsome/ /room /u:/classroom /u/news /z/newspaper /s/4. 同源詞的讀音變化know / ?u/knowledge /?/nature/ei/natural / ?/nation /ei/national / ?/breath /breathe / e/bath /ba:/bathe /bee/cloth /kl?/clothes /kl?uez/worth /worthy / ei/real /ri?l/reality /r

7、i ? ?l?ti/political / ?/-politics /?/say /sei/said /sed/handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。第二部分:?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇(15 分)考點(diǎn)六:名詞I. 概念名詞是表示人,事物,地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱(chēng)的詞,有專(zhuān)有名詞和普通名詞之分,還有可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞之分.II.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講1. 名詞變復(fù)數(shù)1) 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 結(jié)尾加-esBuses,boxes,watches,brushes (sto

8、mach-stomachs)2)以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的名詞,變 y 為 i 加 esFactories, countries3) 以-f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,變 f 或 fe 為 v 加 es leaf-leaves life-lives但: roof,chief,gulf,serf,belief,proof, 加 shandkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。4) 以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):a. 加 s,photophotos pianopianos radioradios zoozoos;b. 加 es,potato-potatoes

9、tomato-tomatoesc. 上述 a 和 b 兩種方法均可,如 zerozeros / zeroes。5) 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化a. childchildren footfeet toothteeth mousemice manmen womanwomen注意:由一個(gè)詞加 man 或 woman 構(gòu)成的合成詞, 其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women,如 an Englishman,two Englishmen。但 German 不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germans; Bowman 是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是 theBowmans。b. 單復(fù)同形,如 deer,sheep,fish,Chin

10、ese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 等。但除人民幣的元、 角、分外, 美元、 英鎊、 法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。c. 集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如:people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說(shuō) a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說(shuō) a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the

11、Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss等名詞,表示國(guó)民總稱(chēng)時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用,如 The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。d. 以 s 結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如:maths,politics,physics 等學(xué)科名詞,一般是不可數(shù)名詞,為單數(shù)。news 為不可數(shù)名詞。the United States, 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國(guó)是 1945 年組建起來(lái)的。e. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書(shū)名,劇名,報(bào)紙,雜志名,也可視為單數(shù)。例如:The Arabia

12、n Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事書(shū)。f. 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如: glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes 等,若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair (對(duì),雙) ; suit (套) ; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 等。g. 另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,如: goods 貨物, waters 水域fishes (各種) 魚(yú)。h. 復(fù)合詞變復(fù)數(shù),以中心詞為主 film-goer - film-goerssiste

13、r-in-law - sisters-in-lawgrown-up - grown-ups2. 不可數(shù)名詞量的表示1) 物質(zhì)名詞a. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞時(shí)為可數(shù)。比較: Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一種食物。 (不可數(shù))These cakes are sweet. 這些蛋糕很好吃。 (可數(shù))b. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類(lèi)時(shí),可數(shù)。例如:This factory produces steel. (不可數(shù))We need various steels. (可數(shù))c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí),可數(shù)。例如: Our country is famous for tea.

14、我國(guó)因茶葉而聞名。 Two teas, please. 請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯茶。2) 抽象名詞表示具體的事例時(shí)也可數(shù)。例如:four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations 四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量,如 a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一則建議。3. 定語(yǔ)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。1) 用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。例如:sports meeting students reading-roomtalks table 談判桌 the foreign languages department

15、 外語(yǔ)系2) man, woman, gentleman 等作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例 men workerswomen teachers gentlemen officials3) 有些原有 s 結(jié)尾的名詞,作定語(yǔ)時(shí), s 保留。例如: goods train (貨車(chē)) arms produce 武器生產(chǎn) customs papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush 衣刷4) 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如: two-dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹(shù) a fiv

16、e-year plan. 一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃4. 名詞的格1) 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s,復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒(méi)有 s,也要加s,如 the boys bag 男孩的書(shū)包, mens room 男廁所。2) 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ,只加 ,如: the workers struggle 工人的斗爭(zhēng)。3) 凡不能加s的名詞,都可以用名詞 of 名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系,如: the title of the song 歌的名字。4) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞,如: the barbers 理發(fā)店。5) 如果兩個(gè)名詞并列,并且分別有s,則表示分別有;只有一個(gè)s,則表

17、示共有。 Johns and Marys rooms (兩間) John and Marys room (一間)6) 復(fù)合名詞或短語(yǔ), s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。例如: a month or twos absence 考點(diǎn)七:冠詞I. 不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞有 a 和 an 兩種形式。 a 用在以輔音音標(biāo)開(kāi)頭的詞前,an 用在以元音音標(biāo)開(kāi)頭的詞前。a house, a useful bookan hour, an umbrella不定冠詞的用法主要有:1) 泛指某人或某物,不具體說(shuō)明其為何人或何物。在行文敘述時(shí),第一次提到某個(gè)人或事物時(shí),通常使用不定冠詞,此為泛指。例如:A girl is a

18、sking for you on the phone.My mother works in a hospital.2) 用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示一類(lèi)人或事物,即以一個(gè)個(gè)體代表整類(lèi)人或事物,此為類(lèi)指。例如:A plane is faster than a train.飛機(jī)比火車(chē)快。A snake is a cold-blooded animal.蛇是冷血?jiǎng)游铩?) 表示一,但數(shù)量概念沒(méi)有 one 強(qiáng)烈。例如:They waited there for an hour.他們?cè)谀堑攘艘粋€(gè)小時(shí)。Rome wasnt built in a day.羅馬非一天能建成。 (即:冰凍三尺非一日之寒。 )如特別

19、強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量,應(yīng)使用 one。例如:I have only one dictionary and I need it myself.4) 用在表示時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等計(jì)量單位的名詞前表示每一,相當(dāng)于 per 或 every。例如:The plane can get 300 kilometers an hour.飛機(jī)的速度是每小時(shí) 300 公里。The doctor told her to take the medicine three times a day.醫(yī)生叫她一天服三次藥。We work five days a week.我們一周工作五天。5) 用于抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞前(特別是這兩種名詞有定

20、語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)),使之意義具體化,表示一種、一件、一份等。例如:It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì)是一種榮譽(yù)。 (honour 是抽象名詞,an honour 指一件榮譽(yù)的事)There was heavy rain last week.(rain 為物質(zhì)名詞,這里指一場(chǎng)雨)6) 用于序數(shù)詞(后加名詞)前,表示又一個(gè),又一次。例如:He tried a sixth time and succeeded.他又試第六次,結(jié)果成功了。When I sat down,a fourth student rose to speak

21、.當(dāng)我坐下時(shí),又有第四個(gè)同學(xué)起立發(fā)言。7) 用于某一個(gè)人名、地名前,使專(zhuān)有名詞普通化。例如:A Mr.Li has been waiting for you.一位姓李的先生一直在等你。Chongqing is known as a Shanghai of the west.重慶被稱(chēng)作西部的上海。 (Shanghai 是專(zhuān)有名詞,本句中 a Shanghai 指和上海一樣繁華的城市)8) 用于某些固定詞組中,是這些詞組不可缺少的組成部分。例如:in a moment 立刻,馬上 once upon a time 從前as a result (of)作為()的結(jié)果 in a hurry 急忙地in

22、 a word 一句話(huà),總而言之 once in a while 偶爾地have a good time 過(guò)得很愉快 have a word with 與說(shuō)句話(huà)have/take a look (at)看一看 have/take a rest 休息一下take an active part in 積極參加 (比較:take part in 參加,不能說(shuō) take a part in)do sb.a favour 幫某人的忙 put an end to 結(jié)束at a mouthful 一大口地 all of a sudden 突然地II. 定冠詞 the 的用法 表示上文提到過(guò)的人或事物。He

23、bought an English-Chinese dictionary this morning. The dictionaryis very good. 用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示整體或類(lèi)別。The panda is a rare animal.此句等于: A panda is a rare animal. = Pandas are rare animals. 用來(lái)表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world 用于表示階級(jí)、黨派的名詞前。the Chinese Communist Party, the workin

24、g class the proletariat 無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí) 常用于含有普通名詞或形容詞的專(zhuān)有名詞前。A. 用于許多江海,山脈,群島等名詞前:The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific OceanB. 用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)名:The Peoples Republic of China the United StatesC. 用于機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、朝代、時(shí)代、報(bào)刊雜志等名詞前:the United Nations the State Council the Tang dynasty the Peoples Dailythe Summer

25、 Palace the Peace Hotel the British Museum 用于表示方位的名詞前。the east the southwest the middle the Far East on the left 用于樂(lè)器名詞前,但漢語(yǔ)拼音的樂(lè)器前不用冠詞。 play the piano play the violin play erhu 用于復(fù)數(shù)的姓氏前,表示兩夫婦或全家,在此情況下,這類(lèi)名詞作復(fù)數(shù)對(duì)待。 The Smiths watch TV every day. 用于某些形容詞或過(guò)去分詞前,表示一類(lèi)人或事物。 the poor the rich the living the

26、youngthe wounded the oppressed the beautiful 用在形容詞的最高級(jí)前或序數(shù)詞前。Shanghai is the biggest city in china.After the game, the first thing they wanted to do was to take a hot bath.III 零冠詞用法 表示某一類(lèi)人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,不用冠詞。Now people are living a happy life. Trees are planted everywhere. 不含普通名詞的專(zhuān)有名詞,表示泛指的物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前,不用冠

27、詞。We are studying English. He is leaving for America this year.It is pleasant to walk in soft snow. Love is always stronger than hatred. 名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾,不用冠詞。I like this picture better. Is that your book?Take their chairs away! I do not have any money on me.As time went on, Einsteins theo

28、ry proved to be correct. 季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前,一般不用冠詞。She likes spring while I like summer. We have no classes on Saturday.The Long March started in October 1934. 表示只有一人擔(dān)任的職務(wù)、頭銜的名詞前,不用冠詞。 We have elected him our monitor. 三餐飯的名詞前,一般不用冠詞。When do you have lunch? After supper we usually take a walk. 節(jié)假日等名詞前,不用冠詞

29、。Children all wear their best clothes on National Day.People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.注意:在 eve 后有 of 短語(yǔ)則要加定冠詞:on the eve of National Day on the eve of New Years Day 球類(lèi)和棋類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前,不用冠詞。 play basketball play chess 作表語(yǔ)用表示程度的形容詞最高級(jí)前,不用冠詞。Your help was most timely. This method is most effe

30、ctive.注意:如果有比較范圍,形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞:Of all methods, this is the most effective. 在某些固定詞組里,名詞前不用冠詞。on foot by train/ boat / plane. in fact as a matter of factin class in church in danger in hospital in townin bed at home at school at daybreak at sunriseat dusk at sunset at night at noon go to schoolgo to c

31、lass go to bed from morning till night from victory to victoryfrom door to doorV 注意事項(xiàng) 當(dāng) man 作人類(lèi)講時(shí),用零冠詞。 Man will conquer nature. 某些抽象名詞具體化時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞,其前可加 a 。surprise, fire, joy, He is a success as a teacher. Long Jing is a famous tea in China. a 用于姓氏前表示某個(gè)只知道名字而不不熟悉的人。 A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outs

32、ide. 在某些句型中可加 aIt is a pity that you have missed the chance.It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do sth. word 作消息講時(shí),用零冠詞。 Word came that he would go abroad.gg考點(diǎn)八:虛擬語(yǔ)氣對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的測(cè)試主要涉及以下方面:1) 主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法2) wish , would rather 虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)的用法3) if 條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法, 應(yīng)特別注意省略 if 的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是考試的重點(diǎn)4) if o

33、nly 結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法5) but for , or, otherwise 等含蓄條件句的用法6) Its time (that) 等結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬條件句中的運(yùn)用!條件從句有兩類(lèi),一是真實(shí)條件句,另一是虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生,是真實(shí)條件句,這種情況下謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如:If time permits, well go fishing together.如果時(shí)間允許,我們就一起去釣魚(yú)。如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的,則是虛擬條件句。如:If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famo

34、us professor.如果你昨天來(lái),你就會(huì)見(jiàn)到那位著名的教授了。(隱含的事實(shí)是:你昨天沒(méi)來(lái),也沒(méi)見(jiàn)到那位著名教授)。在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中,主從句的謂語(yǔ)都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,現(xiàn)將其形式列表如下: 1虛擬語(yǔ)氣現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。條件從句主句動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be 用 were)Would/should/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth. 要是我是你,我就會(huì)告訴他真相了。(事實(shí)上我不是你)If she had time, she would(could,

35、might)help me.如果她有時(shí)間,她就會(huì)幫我了。(事實(shí)上她沒(méi)有時(shí)間)2. 語(yǔ)氣過(guò)去式 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。條件從句主句Had +過(guò)去分詞Would/should/could/might + have+過(guò)去分詞If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt(couldnt) have failed in the exam.如果你聽(tīng)了我的建議,你就不會(huì)考試不及格。(事實(shí)上你根本沒(méi)聽(tīng)我的。)3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣過(guò)去式 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果條件從句主句should+動(dòng)詞原形were to+動(dòng)詞原形 would(could/should/mig

36、ht)+動(dòng)詞原形Would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.假如天下雨,莊稼可能就收獲了。注:在表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的條件從句中, were to + 動(dòng)詞原形比較正式,常用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。如:If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square. 條件從句中省去 if 的情況在 if 引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,常可以省略

37、if,將 had, were 或 should 提至句首。如:Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night. 假如我看了那部電影,昨晚我就可以和他們一起討論了。Were I a bird, I could fly freely. 假如我是一只小鳥(niǎo),我就能自由翱翔。Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest. 要是下周能下雨的話(huà),農(nóng)民們就能有個(gè)好收成了。4.主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(混合條件句)有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)

38、果與主句中的動(dòng)作, 發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致, 這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。如:If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now如.果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)了我的話(huà),現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。(從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去,主句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在。)If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party如.果我是你, 我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。 (從 句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在,主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去。)If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have boug

39、ht the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借錢(qián)給我, 我不可能買(mǎi)下這幢新房,很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。(從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去,主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在。)5.含蓄條件句非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來(lái),只暗含在上下文中,這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況;Eg.W hat would I have done without you? 如沒(méi)有你,我會(huì)怎么辦呢? (條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ) withoutyou 中)But for your help we couldn

40、t have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒(méi)有你的幫助,我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)成功。 (暗含條件是 but for your help)He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or/otherwise he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河馬,否則他絕不會(huì)擊敗那只龐大的野獸。 (暗含條件是連詞 or)二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣某些從句中的運(yùn)用!1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法。在“It is important (strange, natural, nec

41、essary) that”這類(lèi)句型中, that 所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 “(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事是“重要”,“奇怪”,“自然”,“必要”等意義。如:It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English. 重要的是每個(gè)北京人能說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once. 有必要馬上把他送醫(yī)院。2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法。(1)在動(dòng)詞 wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,表示與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反,

42、或?qū)?lái)的主觀(guān)愿望,從句通常省略連詞 that。a.表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式(be 的過(guò)去式用 were )表示。如:I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。(可惜不知道。)b.表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞用 had+過(guò)去分詞。如:I wish (that) I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間。(實(shí)際上已經(jīng) 浪費(fèi)掉了。)c.表示對(duì)將來(lái)的主觀(guān)愿望:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為 “would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”,此時(shí)要注意,主句的主 語(yǔ)與從句的主語(yǔ)不能相

43、同, 因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z(yǔ)所期望的從句動(dòng)作能否實(shí)現(xiàn), 取決于從句主語(yǔ)的態(tài)度或意愿(非動(dòng)作名詞除外)。如:I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安靜一些。(2)在 suggest (建議) , demand(要求), order(命令), propose(建議), insist (堅(jiān)持要做) , command(命 令), request(要求), desire(希望)等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 “(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”,表示建議,要求,命令等。如:I suggest that we (shoul

44、d) start the meeting at once.我建議馬上開(kāi)會(huì)。The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south這.位即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生堅(jiān)持要到南方去工作。 當(dāng) suggest 表示暗示,主語(yǔ)為something;insist 表示堅(jiān)持觀(guān)點(diǎn)時(shí), 后接的賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣。比較:His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示著他贊成我的決定。He suggested that I (should) stick to my deci

45、sion.他建議我堅(jiān)持自己的決定。He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為做早操對(duì)健康有益。 He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他堅(jiān)持他每天都要早操。3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句中的用法。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為 advice, suggestion, order, proposal 等詞時(shí)后接表語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 “(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),表示某人建議、勸告、命令等的內(nèi)如:My advice is t

46、hat you should practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建議是你盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。4特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在狀語(yǔ)從句中由 as if 或 as though 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方式時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 (用法與wish 相同)The teacher treats the student as if he were her own child.這位老師帶這位學(xué)生就象她的親生孩子一樣。 He speaks as if he had been to the United States.他說(shuō)得

47、好象他真的到過(guò)美國(guó)似的。(2)在 It is time (that)從句中,謂動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或 should+動(dòng)詞原形 表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣(3) Id rather (that)句型中從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣, Eg.I would rather you did it now.I would rather you did it tomorrow.I would rather you had done it yesterday.5. 用在 if only 引起的感嘆句中 (用法與 wish 相同) If only the driver didnt drive so fast!6在由 for fear tha

48、t, in case, lest 等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,用 should+動(dòng)詞原形 考點(diǎn)九:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法(1)can、be able to 和 couldcan 和 be able to 都表示能力,意思上沒(méi)多大區(qū)別。但 can 只有現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去時(shí),而 be able to 則有更多 的形式。但當(dāng)成功地完成某一具體動(dòng)作時(shí),通常不用could 而用 was/were able to 來(lái)表示。這時(shí)was/were able to 相當(dāng)于 managed to,表示經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力,終于能夠完成某事。如:Can you use chopsticks?The wounded man stil

49、l was able to get to the village and was saved in theend.can 和 couldcan 和could 都可以表示能力、技能、許可、建議或請(qǐng)求和可能性。但比較委婉客氣地提出問(wèn)題或陳述看法,一般用 could,回答時(shí)則用 can 。如:Could you help me carry the bag?Can I help you?(2)may/mightmay/might 表示可能,但 may 比 might 可能性大。 Eg.Why isnt he in class? He may be sick.(生病的可能性較大) He might be

50、 sick.(生病的可能性較小)may/might 表示“允許”,may 用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí), might 常用在間接引語(yǔ)中表過(guò)去時(shí),但 might 也可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,表示比較委婉的語(yǔ)氣,回答用 may。如:He says we may leave.He said we might leave.may / might 表示建議或請(qǐng)求,但 might 比 may 更客氣,意思更肯定而無(wú)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的含義。 -May / Might I use your bike?-Yes, you can / may.No, you mustnt(3) mustmust 表示必須,應(yīng)該,沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)變化。如: You

51、must do everything as I do.must 表示肯定的推測(cè)。如:The light is still on, so he must be at home.mustnt 表示禁止做某事。如: You mustnt smoke in the office.(4) have tohave to 表示“必須、不得不”,是由于某種外界(客觀(guān))原因而“必須”,“不得不”做某事,也可表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的事“必須”做。 have to 的否定形式表示不必。 have to 可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)中。如:You will have to clean your own boots when you j

52、oin the army.I have to be at my office every evening.(5) should / ought toshould 和 ought to 表示應(yīng)當(dāng)、應(yīng)該,前者比后者語(yǔ)氣輕。如: You should / ought to work hard.should / ought to 的否定形式表示禁止之意。如: Children shouldnt smoke.should 可表示陳述意見(jiàn),推出建議或請(qǐng)求;而 ought to 可以表示勸告之意。如: You ought to respect your parents.He suggested that t

53、hey should leave at once.should 可以用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)者“吃驚”的語(yǔ)氣, 常翻譯成“竟然”。You cant imagine such a well-dressed man should be so rude to a lady.(6) will / wouldwill 用于各種人稱(chēng)表示“意志”、“意愿”或“決心”等,否定式 wont + 動(dòng)詞。如:I will tell you all about it.Tom wont do such a thing.will 用于疑問(wèn)句中,常用在第二稱(chēng)時(shí)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人向?qū)Ψ教岢觥罢?qǐng)求”或“詢(xún)問(wèn)”如: Will you please

54、tell her the news when you see her?will 表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,有“總是”、“慣于”的含義。如: Fish will die out of water.would 表示客氣的請(qǐng)求、建議或意愿。如:Would you please be quiet?Would you like coffee?would 表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.(7) needneed 作“必要”講,既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后

55、面的動(dòng)詞不定式要帶 to,其變化 與一般動(dòng)詞相同。如:I need to think it over.Need you go now?Yes, I must./No, I neednt(8) daredare 表示“敢”的意思。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主要用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。 dare 若作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,后面可帶to的不定式,此時(shí) to 也可以省略。 dare 與 need 的用法相似。如:How dare you say that?She doesnt date(to)ask her father.(9) used toused to 表示過(guò)去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的習(xí)慣,但現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在了。如:He

56、used to smoke.(10) shallshall 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于第二、三人稱(chēng),表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的意愿,有“命令”、“警告、威脅、強(qiáng)制”和“允許”等 意思。如:We shall do as our teacher says.You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.在疑問(wèn)句中, shall 用于征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示,常用于第一、第三人稱(chēng)。如: Where shall he wait for us?Shall we go out for a walk?2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)或判斷的用法下表即是表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用的場(chǎng)合:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 對(duì)現(xiàn)在

57、和未來(lái)的推測(cè) 對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè) 使 用 場(chǎng) 合must + 動(dòng)詞原形 must+ have done 肯定句may / might + 動(dòng)詞原形 May / might+ have done 肯定句、否定句can /could +do Can / could+have done 否定句、疑問(wèn)名(could 可用于肯定句)should 用來(lái)表示一種估計(jì)的情況“按理會(huì)/估計(jì)會(huì)”should do/be should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句例如:It must have rained last night.She may not be at home. = It is possibl

58、e that she is not at home.She cant be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home.They should be there right now.3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中表示責(zé)備的感情色彩,用法如下:(1) should have done 表示“本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”,而 shouldnt have done 則表示“本不應(yīng)該 做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。如:You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldnt have s

59、aid such words to your parents.(2) ought to have done 也表示“本應(yīng)該”而 ought not to have done 則意為“本不應(yīng)該”。如: You ought to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.(3) neednt have done 表示“本無(wú)必要做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。如: You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.(4) c

60、ould have done 表示“本來(lái)有可能而事實(shí)上未做到”。如: I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way.二、精典名題導(dǎo)解 選擇填空1. I was really anxious about you. You_home without a word.(NMET 2001)A.mustnt haveC.couldnt have leftB.shouldnt have leftD.neednt have解析:答案為 B。本題考查的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的用法。題目給出的條件是“我確實(shí)非常擔(dān)心你”,因此后面可知應(yīng)是責(zé)備 you

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