Book4_U3_語法

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. 不知道或沒有必要指明動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者2. 出于表達(dá)的習(xí)慣3. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受或被執(zhí)行4. 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者有較長的修飾語1. Many buildings are built in our town.2. Yaoming was born in China.3. He was taken to hospital immediately.4. He was brought up by a man who was kind and has great expectation 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法原主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，謂語部分主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)，原主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變成

2、介詞by后的賓語（主語）He teaches English(賓語) in this school.English(主語) is taught by him （賓語）in this school.A動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)及用法動(dòng)詞的八種時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)He writes novels every day.He wrote novels when he was young.He is writing a novel now.He was writing a novel when I came in.He will write many novels when he grows up.He has

3、written many novels since then.He had written many novels before he went to university.He promised that he would write more novels.Novels are written (by him) every day.Novels were written (by him) when he was young.A novel is being written (by him) now. A novel was being written (by him) when I cam

4、e in. Many novels will be written when he grows up.Many novels have been written by him since then.Many novels had been written by him before he went to university.More novels would be written by him as he promised. B 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)一般式must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need do完成式 mus

5、t /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need have done例句 We must take measures to protect our environment.Measures must be taken to protect our environment.You ought to water the flowers twice a day. The flowers ought to be watered twice a day情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)一般式must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ use

6、d to/ need be done完成式must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need have been doneC. 不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式例句be going tobe tobe sure tobe certain to + be +過去分詞be due tobe about toThe flowers are to be watered twice a day.The thief is sure to be caught.The book is due to be published next month.The meeting

7、is going to be held this weekend.D.系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作的被執(zhí)行或承受；而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)，性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)過去分詞由too，very，so， much等修飾e.g. She was so shocked that she couldnt say a word.過去分詞為表示心理，感情，處所等e.g. He is lost in thoughts. The school is located in the center of the city.過去分詞為表示 “必然性，趨勢(shì)性，意向決心等e.g. The boy is determined

8、to get the book.remain ,feel , like, stand, grow, become等+過去分詞e.g. The door remained closed all day.E. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的注意點(diǎn)不定式符號(hào)to在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不可省略She was seen to pass by the window.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，往往意為“容納，擁有，適合，缺少”如lack, fit, mean, hold, cost, contain, become, look like, consist of etc. The book costs 10 yuan.The who

9、le group consists of ten members.She looks like her mother.The area once lacked water.及物動(dòng)詞做不及物用+副詞（e.g. easily, badly, well , smoothly）,多用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng),主語往往是人The pen writes well.The book sells badly.The cloth wears long.某些形容詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式與句子主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用不定式的主動(dòng)形式The picture is pleasant to look at.The sentence is

10、easy to understand.連系動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)（feel, appear, ring, smell, sound, become , come, etc.）He soon fell asleep.The table feels smooth.burn, devote, dress, hurt, hide, love, seat, station, wear, tire + oneself + 介詞=be + 過去分詞+介詞I hurt myself in a car accident. = I was hurt in a car accident.He seated himsel

11、f in the bench. = He was seated in the bench.一、單項(xiàng)選擇What kind of advice _ to you? A. has gaveB. was gaveC. has been givenD. has given2. Yesterday Peter _ a ticket for speeding. A. gaveB. had been givenC. was givenD. was gave3. The construction of the gym _ by the end of January according to the contr

12、act. A. must be completingB. must complete C. must have completedD. must have been completed4. He returned at midnight and found his house _. A. had broken into B. was broken intoC. to be broken into D. had been broken into5. A cook will be fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smokeB. smokingC.

13、 to smokeD. smoked6. Coal can_ to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. A. have usedB. be usedC. useD. used7. Some new oilfields _ since 1976. A. were opened upB. has opened upC. have been opened upD. had been opened up8. These boys _ our football team. A. are belong toB. are belonged to

14、C. belong toD. belong of9. These bags which _ to Hong Kong were missing at last. A. should have been sentB. should be sent C. should have sentD. should send10. Can this good decision _ from you? A. exceptB. expectedC. be expectedD. excepting11. She _Robert for a year. A. marriedB. married withC. has

15、 been marriedD. has been married to12. Great changes _ in Beijing, and a lot of new facilities _. A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up13. He slipped into the room to avoid _. A. noticedB. noti

16、cingC. being noticedD. being noticing14. TV and radio programmes _ the other side of the world with the help of the satellites. A. can send toB. can send onC. can be sent toD. can be sent on15. The old man was quite weak after the operation, so he _. A. must be taken careB. must take care of C. must

17、 be looked afterD. must look after16. With the development of science, more new technology _ to the field of IT. A. has introducedB. is being introducedC. being introducedD. was introduced17. The first World War _ in 1914. A. was broken outB. broke outC. was brokenD. was happened18. Spring comes wit

18、h many flowers _. A. come outB. being come outC. coming outD. be come out19. Your cough ought _ before it gets any worse. A. to seeB. to be seenC. to see toD. to be seen to20. -Have you telephoned your father? -Yes, he _ back next week. A. is expectedB. expectsC. will expectD. will be expected二、動(dòng)詞填空

19、1. -How _ it _ (feel) to be 60? -Much weaker.The report needed _ (hand) in last week according to the plan.They would like to see the plan _ (practice) right now.-Where is my mp3? I couldnt find it anywhere.-It must _ (take) away by somebody.You may get _ (separate) from your friends since the stree

20、t is so crowded.It remains _ (see) whether Jim will be fit for the job.The news reporter hurried to the airport, only to _ (tell) the film star had left._(lose) in thought, he didnt notice his boss coming.The medicine will be effective if _ twice a day. (take)The window must _ (close) by him because

21、 he was the last one to leave.三、句子翻譯在會(huì)上她被問了好些問題。會(huì)上大家就減負(fù)是否可行產(chǎn)生了爭(zhēng)議。Tom在無錫安了家。沒有人注意到他的離開因?yàn)闊襞銮杀魂P(guān)掉了。清潔工通常是按小時(shí)計(jì)酬的。I need one more stamp before my collection is completed.A new museum will be built here, which represents the creation of Wuxi people.Many rainforests are being cut and burned at an amazing sp

22、eed.Do you know the film star who got killed in a murder?A lot of questions can be reflected if you look into the whole matter further.五、句子改錯(cuò)I have to stay in the hotel because my house is repair .He went home one day earlier than expecting.The terrible accident was happened to him ,which made him s

23、uffered a lot.Devoting to his work , he has made great achievements so far.The box is too heavy to be lifted .No one likes making fun of.Great changes have been taken place in Wuxi after the reform.8 The professor is seemed to be happy with his students answer.9. A great number of books donated to the library are proved to be good.10. Do you know the person referring to just now?AnswersExercise 1