上海世博會--聯(lián)合國教科文組織科學(xué)日活動報(bào)告長江流域ppt課件

1、長江流域生物多樣性特征與自然保護(hù)The Features and the Conservation of Biodiversity in the Yangtze Basin長江流域生物多樣性Biodiversity in Yangtze River Basin1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biodiversity in Yangtze River basin全長6300千米,中國第一大河，世界第三大河6300km long, the longest river in China and the third longest river in the world.流經(jīng)11個省市,流域面積1,800,00

2、0平方千米，占我國面積的19%Goes through 10 provinces or municipalities. Drainage area is 1,800,000 km2，covering one fifth of China.流域人口占全國人口的1/3Cover one third population of the whole China.(1)長江流域特征 Features of Yangtze River basin1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biodiversity in Yangtze River basin 流域地理位置經(jīng)、緯度跨度大，因此光照、氣溫、降雨量、土壤類型等自然

3、因素在流域內(nèi)差異極大。 Longitude and latitude of stretch range of the Yangtze River basin is very wide, natural conditions (light source, temperature, rainfall and soil type) are very different.(1)長江流域特征 Features of Yangtze River basin1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biodiversity in Yangtze River basin 地質(zhì)構(gòu)造極為復(fù)雜，跨揚(yáng)子準(zhǔn)地臺與華南褶皺系，秦嶺褶皺系，

4、松潘甘孜褶皺系四大地質(zhì)構(gòu)造單元。 Geological structure is very complex, consisting of four components: Yangtze quasi-platform, south China, Qingling Mountains, Songpanganzi fold.(1)長江流域特征 Features of Yangtze River basin1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biodiversity in Yangtze River basin. 經(jīng)歷過重大地質(zhì)事件，包括第三、四紀(jì)冰期，同時塑造出多樣的地貌類型，包括高原、山地、丘陵、河流和湖泊

5、。 A number of geological events: the Tertiary and Quaternary glaciers resulted in the formation of plateaus, mountains ,hills, plains and lakes.(1)長江流域特征 Features of Yangtze River basin物理?xiàng)l件Physical condition地質(zhì)歷史Geological history人類活動Human activitiesinfluence生物多樣性Biodiversity反映reflect1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biod

6、iversity in Yangtze River basin(1)長江流域生物多樣性特征 Features of biodiversity in Yangtze River basin影響influenceinfluence1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biodiversity in Yangtze River basin(1)長江流域生物多樣性特征 Features of biodiversity in Yangtze River basin 一、具有國際意義的生物多樣性地區(qū)多，包括秦嶺太白山地區(qū)，川西高山峽谷地區(qū)，兩湖平原濕地區(qū)域等。 1.Large number of important a

7、reas with international interest in biodiversity, such as Qinling Mountains, West Sichuan Canyon and wetlands in Dongting-Poyang Lake Plains.influence1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biodiversity in Yangtze River basin(1)長江流域生物多樣性特征 Features of biodiversity in Yangtze River basin 二、各種生物類群中的關(guān)鍵類群都有。 2.Contain a large numb

8、er of key taxa. 三、三個層次（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、物種、遺傳）上上午多樣性程度極高 3.Has a great biodiversity at genetic, species and ecosystem levels.influence1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biodiversity in Yangtze River basin(1)長江流域生物多樣性特征 Features of biodiversity in Yangtze River basin 四、主要栽培植物、家養(yǎng)動物和淡水魚類種質(zhì)資源豐富 4. Abundant in germplasm resouces of major

9、cultivated crops, domestic animals including freshwater fish.influence1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biodiversity in Yangtze River basin(2)流域生物多樣性受到各種形式人類活動的影響 The biodiversity of the Yangtze River Basin has been threatened by human disturbance in a great diversity of ways水利工程建設(shè) construction of water conservancy proje

10、cts砍伐森林 deforestation城市化 urbanization 墾荒種田 reclamation of wastland圍湖造田 reclamation of land from lakes濫捕與養(yǎng)殖 fishery and aquaculture大規(guī)模基本建設(shè)(如鐵路，公路和港口) construction of infrastructure（e.g., railway highways and ports）influence1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biodiversity in Yangtze River basin(2)流域生物多樣性受到各種形式人類活動的影響 The bio

11、diversity of the Yangtze River Basin has been threatened by human disturbance in a great diversity of ways這些活動帶來了經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮，但同時導(dǎo)致了大量環(huán)境問題的出現(xiàn) First, these activities have brought about the economic prosperity, on the other hand, they cause a number of environmental problems景觀破碎化 Fragmentation of landscape植

12、被破壞 Destruction of vegetation土壤侵蝕 Soil erosion江湖隔離 Separation of river from lakes湖泊面積減少Sharp reduction in lake area水污染 Water pollution生物賴以生存的自然生境退化Degradation of natural habitats on which organisms depend生態(tài)系統(tǒng)衰退Retrogression of ecosystems瀕危物種增多 An increase in the number of endangered species遺傳多樣性下降 A

13、n unacceptable loss of genetic diversityinfluence1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biodiversity in Yangtze River basin(2)流域生物多樣性受到各種形式人類活動的影響 The biodiversity of the Yangtze River Basin has been threatened by human disturbance in a great diversity of ways流域內(nèi)人類破壞生物多樣性的兩個典型方式： In the basin, there are two typical forms of t

14、he human disturbance:水利工程建設(shè)Water conservancy projects圍湖造田Reclamation of land from lakesinfluence1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biodiversity in Yangtze River basin(2)流域生物多樣性受到各種形式人類活動的影響 The biodiversity of the Yangtze River Basin has been threatened by human disturbance in a great diversity of ways水利工程的影響 Water conser

15、vancy projects上游干支流水電資源豐富The upper reaches of the Yangtze River and its tributaries have potential hydro-electric resources.我國發(fā)展對能源的需求量大 Our country has a high demand of energy for development.三峽大壩和諸多上游水利工程建設(shè) Construction of Magadam (the Three-Gorges dam) and many water conservancy projects in upper

16、 reaches.自然生境破碎化Fragmentation of the natural habitats陸生植物和水生動物受到深遠(yuǎn)影響，尤其是洄游性魚類Have profound effects on terrestrial plants and aquatic animals, especially migratory fishes.influence1.長江流域生物多樣性 Biodiversity in Yangtze River basin(2)流域生物多樣性受到各種形式人類活動的影響 The biodiversity of the Yangtze River Basin has be

17、en threatened by human disturbance in a great diversity of ways圍湖造田 Reclamation of land from lakes中下游流域內(nèi)有強(qiáng)烈的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需求 There is a high demand of economic development in the drainage area of middle and lower reaches.水利工程建設(shè)，圍湖造田Water conservancy projects, reclamation of land from lake and fishery in middl

18、e and lower reaches.江湖隔離，湖泊濕地面積縮小Separation of river from lakes and sharp reduction in lake area.瀕危物種增加，水生植被退化，魚類小型化，水污染Increase in the number of endangered species, appearance of small-sized fishes, degradation of aquatic vegetation, and water pollution.influence2.長江流域生物多樣性與經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的建議Strategies for

19、co-ordinate the economic development with biodiversity conservation一、盡快成立“長江流域生物多樣性研究中心”，對關(guān)鍵地區(qū)，關(guān)鍵類群進(jìn)行搶救性研究1.To found a research center for biodiversity in the Yangtse River basin as soon as possible so that the important habitats and the key taxa can be protected or rescued.influence2.長江流域生物多樣性與經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)

20、發(fā)展的建議Strategies for co-ordinate the economic development with biodiversity conservation二、提供三個層次的生物多樣性清單2.To provide a compete list of biodiversity of three levels (genetic, species and ecosystem).三、重新確定必要的、可行的保護(hù)區(qū)域3.To establish nature reserves which constitute representative examples of genetic, spe

21、cies and ecosystem diversity in the basin.influence2.長江流域生物多樣性與經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的建議Strategies for co-ordinate the economic development with biodiversity conservation四、對可供繼續(xù)利用的生物多樣性做出有關(guān)潛力的評價4.To evaluate biotic resources which are of sustainable use五、對現(xiàn)有和將來采用的與社會經(jīng)濟(jì)活動方式對生物多樣性的影響做出評價5.To assess the impacts of the

22、 current social and economic activities on biodiversityinfluence2.長江流域生物多樣性與經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的建議Strategies for co-ordinate the economic development with biodiversity conservation六、對長江流域的社會與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展作出中、長期規(guī)劃，該規(guī)劃應(yīng)與生物多樣性保護(hù)及可持續(xù)利用相協(xié)調(diào)6. To plan the short- and long-term social economic development of the basin so that the

23、 development and the sustainable use of biodiversity can be co-ordinatedinfluence2.長江流域生物多樣性與經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的建議Strategies for co-ordinate the economic development with biodiversity conservation七、對公眾進(jìn)行相關(guān)教育4.To make people of all social strata aware of the significance of biodiversity conservation by making fu

24、ll use of all kinds of media.八、投入并籌集必要的經(jīng)費(fèi)5.To invest and/or raise necessary capital in/for scientific research.長江流域生物多樣性保護(hù)以中下游濕地為例Conservation in Yangtze River Basin: Take the case of conservation of wetland in Middle and Lower Reaches Basin3.長江中下游濕地保護(hù)的重要性The significance of protecting wetlands in M

25、iddle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River一、干流江面寬展曲折，支流密布，淡水流量大 Wide mainstream ，so many anabranches and high flux of freshwater二、密集分布著通江、淺水、變化劇烈的湖泊群 Densely distributes shallow lakes which connect rivers and change severely三、河漫灘、湖濱、海濱沼澤發(fā)育良好 Everglades are well developed at shore of rivers, lakes and

26、sea (1)特有的流域濕地結(jié)構(gòu) proper structure of wetlands這樣的濕地系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)在地球同緯度地區(qū)是唯一的！This structure is one and only in the same latitude on the earth!The significance of protecting wetlands in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River3.長江中下游濕地保護(hù)的重要性(2)維護(hù)豐富的生物多樣性 conserving profuse biodiversity一、獨(dú)特的草型湖泊 初級生產(chǎn)力高Distinct

27、ive grass-grown lakes，High primary productivity 二、水生生物多樣性高High aquatic biodiversity三、大量珍稀特有種Many rare endemic species 3.長江中下游濕地保護(hù)的重要性the significance of protecting wetlands in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River(3)保障流域生態(tài)安全 safeguarding ecological security 調(diào)蓄洪水 regulating and storing floods 供應(yīng)優(yōu)

28、質(zhì)水源,凈化水體 providing high-quality water, purifying water 調(diào)節(jié)氣候, 凈化空氣 regulating climate, purifying air 是強(qiáng)大碳匯 being significant carbon sink3.長江中下游濕地保護(hù)的重要性The significance of protecting wetlands in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River第一產(chǎn)業(yè)（農(nóng)、漁業(yè)） primary industry (4)與社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展聯(lián)系緊密 tightly connect with th

29、e social-economic development 第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（運(yùn)輸業(yè)）secondary industry第三產(chǎn)業(yè)（城市供水，旅游業(yè)） tertiary industry 4.長江中下游濕地保護(hù)-建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)(1)最近一次官方統(tǒng)計(jì)（2008.12） latest official statistic（Oct, 2008） 類型type濕地自然保護(hù)區(qū)數(shù)量/個 quantity濕地自然保護(hù)區(qū)面積/hm2 areaNPCiCoTNPCiCoTW21141734106047516378141260144025907710A12231175344700720566615606616672039

30、9V001120009999T1434635895530547220441428202102901628208W:內(nèi)陸濕地與水域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型（wetlands ecosystem）A:野生動物類型（wild animal）V:野生植物類型（wild vegetation）T:總計(jì)（total）N:國家級（managed by Nation）P:省級（ managed by province）Ci:市級（ managed by city）Co:縣級（ managed by county）Conservation of wetlands in Middle and Lower Reaches of

31、 Yangtze River-Construction of Wetland Nature Reserves(2)發(fā)展歷史分析 development history2000年后，流域內(nèi)濕地自然 保護(hù)區(qū)數(shù)量迅猛發(fā)展內(nèi)陸濕地與水域類型濕地自然保護(hù)區(qū)比重在發(fā)展過程中不斷增加Quantity of nature reserves grew fast after 2000Proportion of wetlands ecosystem type nature reserves have been increasing during development4.長江中下游濕地保護(hù)-建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)Conse

32、rvation of wetlands in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River-Construction of Wetland Nature Reserves(3)行政主管部門情況 administrative departments濕地自然保護(hù)區(qū)主管部門比例國家級濕地自然保護(hù)區(qū)主管部門比例Proportion of different administrative departments of all wetland nature reservesProportion of different administrative departmen

33、ts of wetland nature reserves managed by Nation4.長江中下游濕地保護(hù)-建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)Conservation of wetlands in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River-Construction of Wetland Nature Reserves省市保護(hù)區(qū)數(shù)量/個保護(hù)區(qū)面積/hm2陜西 4 （1）68292河南 4 （1）70574重慶 1 （0）9400湖北 18 （3）325550湖南 14 （2）468867江西 31 （2）300076安徽 9 （3）261268江蘇 4 （0）30

34、284浙江 1 （0）122 上海 3 （2）93775總計(jì) 89 （14）1628208(4)空間分布現(xiàn)狀 spatial distribution分布于不同的各省級行政單位distribute in different provinces4.長江中下游濕地保護(hù)-建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)Conservation of wetlands in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River-Construction of Wetland Nature Reserves(4)空間分布現(xiàn)狀 spatial distribution分布于不同的一級支流流域distribut

35、e in different first level branches Middle reaches of mainstreamHanjiang riverDongting lakePoyang lakeTai lakeLower reaches of mainstream4.長江中下游濕地保護(hù)-建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)Conservation of wetlands in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River-Construction of Wetland Nature Reserves長江中下游流域濕地自然保護(hù)區(qū)（截止2008.12）4.長江中下游濕地保

36、護(hù)-建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)Conservation of wetlands in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River-Construction of Wetland Nature Reserves(5)流域濕地自然保護(hù)區(qū)與長江濕地網(wǎng)絡(luò) wetland nature reserves in drainage area and the “Network”流域濕地自然保護(hù)區(qū) Wetland nature reserves濕地網(wǎng)絡(luò) the “Network” 流域范圍內(nèi)濕地 wetlands in drainage area兼顧了參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)的省市中位于流域外的一些重要濕地 give consideration to other wetlands which are not in drainage area but important自然保護(hù)區(qū) nature reserves兼顧濕地公園等其它重要濕地give consideration to other important wetlands4.長江中下游濕地保護(hù)-建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)Conservation of wetlands in Middle and Lower Reaches of