高級英語第三課Ships-in-the-Dese課件(PPT 53頁)

1、Lesson ThreeShips in the Desert.第1頁，共53頁。Compare the following:Desert : n. dezt wildness; waste land; waterless and treeless, often sand covered;Desert : v. di z:t abandon; give up; go away fromDeserts: n. di z:ts (usu.pl.) what sb. deservesDessert: n. di z:t course of fruit, etc. at the end of a me

2、al; (U.S.A) any sweet dish (e.g. pie, pudding, ice-cream) served at the end of a meal; (Gr. Brit.) the sweet.第2頁，共53頁。For examplesThe Sahara DesertThe streets were deserted. He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.They are rewarded (punished) according to their deserts.Some people failed t

3、o get their deserts.He is a man of deserts.Dessert fork knife spoon wine.第3頁，共53頁。1. Introduction about the author Al Gore was born in 1948 in Washington D.C., U.S. He has been a Senator (1984-1992) representing the State of Tennessee, and U.S. Vice-President (1992-2000) under President Bill Clinton

4、. He ran for the Presidency against George W. Bush jr. but the latter won the closely tied election and has become the 43rd American President. The text is taken from Al Gores book Earth in the Balance.第4頁，共53頁。Al Gores profound analysis of where humanity has gone wrong ranges across history, politi

5、cs, science, economics, psychology, philosophy, and religion. .第5頁，共53頁。Gore demonstrates that the quality of our air and water is urgently at risk. He clearly illustrates how problems that once were regional have now become global. Gore argues for a worldwide mobilization to save us from disaster.

6、.第6頁，共53頁。.第7頁，共53頁。Why did the writer go to the Aral Sea? What did he see there?.第8頁，共53頁。.第9頁，共53頁。Some Proper NamesThe Aral Sea:咸海 (see Note 2)Great Lakes: 五大湖 (see Note 3) Trans-Antarctic Mountains : 南極山脈 (see Note 4) Four Oceans: the Atlantic Pacific Indian Arctic OceanSeven Continents: Asia; N

7、orth America; Africa; Europe; Australia; Antarctica; South AmericaAntarctic Peninsula: 南極半島 ，又名 Graham Land 舊名為 Palmer Peninsula.第10頁，共53頁。Some Proper NamesArctic Circle:北極圈Mid-night sun: 午夜太陽 (see Note 8)Ozone depletion: 臭氧層空洞 (see Note 16)Ozone is an unstable, pale-blue gas, O3 with a penetrating

8、odor.Depletion means the gradual using up or destruction of capital asserts esp. of natural resources .The polar region: 南北極地區(qū) at the very bottom of the earth; at the other end of our planet; Antarctic as one end and Arctic as the other end. .第11頁，共53頁。Some Proper NamesClear Air Act: 凈化空氣法案 (see Not

9、e 5) one of the oldest environmental laws of the US as well as the most far-reaching, the costliest (the most valuable), and the most controversial,. It was passed in 1970.The glacier: 冰河、冰川 n. a slowly moving river or mass of ice and snow that forms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly ex

10、ceeds the rate at which the snow melts.The polar ice cap：極地冰帽Submarine sonar tracks: 水下聲納系統(tǒng)探測Noctilucent cloud: 夜光云彩Translucent: adj. Partially transparent , as frosted glass.第12頁，共53頁。Some Proper NamesLatitude: 緯度In high northern latitudes 在北緯高緯度地區(qū)（距離赤道很遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū)） High latitudes; low latitudes：低緯度地區(qū)（距離赤

11、道很近的地區(qū)） Warm cold latitudes; south north latitudeEquator: 赤道Equatorial: of or near the equatorLongitude：經(jīng)度Altitude: height , esp. above sea-level.Cf. attitude: the position or manner of standing of the body; a manner of feeling and behaving.第13頁，共53頁。Chlorofluorocarbons: CFC 氟里昂Chlorine 氯Chlorocarbo

12、n 氯碳化合物Fluorine: 氟Chlorofluorocarbon : any of a series of gaseous or low-boiling, inert, nonflammable derivatives of methane or ethane, used as refrigerants and solvents and as propellants in aerosol products.第14頁，共53頁。(of light) that is beyond the purple end of the range of colors (spectrum) that m

13、ake up light that can be seen by human beingsultraviolet rays: 紫外線 ultra-: beyond e.g. ultrared （紅外線的）, ultrashort （超短波的）, ultrasonic （超音波的）, ultramodern（極其現(xiàn)代化的） ultraviolet: .第15頁，共53頁。Axiom: n. a statement, esp. one that is short, that is generally accepted as true and doesnt need to be proved.It

14、is an axiom that if equals are added to equals the result will be equal.等量加等量和相等，這是一條公理。Cf. maxim: n. a rule for good and sensible behavior, esp. when expressed in a short well-known saying 格言，箴言 , 例如：Time and tide waits for no man.第16頁，共53頁。NOAA=national oceanic and aeronautic administration 國家海洋和大

15、氣局.第17頁，共53頁。.第18頁，共53頁。China has set up two scientific research stations at Trans-Antarctic Mountains : Zhongshan Station in the East and Great Wall in the West.第19頁，共53頁。the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the skythe sun shining at midnight through the ozone depletiona hole: ozone deplet

16、ion 臭氧層空洞.第20頁，共53頁。.第21頁，共53頁。To chart the course of CO2 emission and temperature in the Antarctic.第22頁，共53頁。Amazon rain forestThe Brazilian Amazon contains about a third of the Earths remaining tropical forest and a very high portion of its biological diversity. One hectare 公頃(2.47 acres) of Amazo

17、nian moist forest contains more plant species than all of Europe. Yet still it is being destroyed just like other rainforests around the world.第23頁，共53頁。.第24頁，共53頁。 .第25頁，共53頁。.第26頁，共53頁。.第27頁，共53頁。What does the writer call “ghosts in the sky”?“noctilucent clouds” This “l(fā)uminous cloud” occasionally

18、appears when the earth is first hidden in the evening darkness; shining unsteadily above us with a partially transparent whiteness, these clouds dont seem natural.第28頁，共53頁。.第29頁，共53頁。.第30頁，共53頁。.第31頁，共53頁。termite.第32頁，共53頁。Biomass：the total mass of living matter within a given unit of environmental

19、 area.第33頁，共53頁。Summary of para 1-7Paraplaceproblemcauseseriousnesseffect1Aral sea desertification Ill-considered irrigation plan Size, speed Sea becoming desert 2South Pole Air pollution, ozone depletion Burning skin 3South PoleRising level of CO2s, temperature rising Industrial Revolution Steep li

20、nes on the chat, picking up speedGlobal warming 4North Pole thinning of polar capGlobal warming Disastrous consequences, tsunami, changing weather system,5North Polethinning of polar capGlobal warming Scientists report, rate: 2% in 10 years Rising temperature6Brazildeforestation Raising cowsAreas bu

21、rnt each yearExtinction of rare birds 7Near North Pole Shining clouds Increase of methane gasesAppearing more often Loss of ecological balance.第34頁，共53頁。Classification of environmental threats into three categoriesLocal regional Strategic/globalwater pollution acid rain chlorine increaseair pollutio

22、ncontamination of aquifers global warmingwaste dumping oil spill.第35頁，共53頁。aquifer: an underground layer of porous (多孔的)rock, sand, etc, containing water, into which wells can be sunk.Seepage:滲漏； pore:氣孔 water table: 地下水位；saturate: 滲漏.第36頁，共53頁。Summary1.Theme: By presenting examples of the deteriora

23、tion in the global ecological system, the author succeeds in creating a sense of urgency on the part of readers that something must be done to save our environment. He also makes it clear that the most important thing for man to do is to discard his obsolete ideas and to adopt new ways of thinking a

24、bout the relationship between man and nature.第37頁，共53頁。Summary2. three developing lines (the author does the following three things):1). Presenting facts (paras 1-15);2). Examining causes (paras 16-20);3). Finding a solution (paras 21-end).So the passage can roughly be divided into three parts accor

25、ding to the above framework .第38頁，共53頁。Summary3. methods of development:Illustrationthinning of ice cap, global warming, strange clouds Classificationlocal, regional, strategic Definitionmethane gas, pressure ridge, noctilucent cloud Cause and effect population surge, advancement of science and tech

26、nology Comparison and contrast past and present of the Aral Sea Analogy military system.第39頁，共53頁。understatement: (a statement that expresses an idea too weakly), because with sand all around, there was no hope, no chance of catching any fish, let alone catching a lot of fish. Comparing understateme

27、nt and euphemism: They are similar in functions. While euphemism is often a set phrase used for glorifying an unpleasant or tabooed subject, understatement covers a much wider range without set forms. .第40頁，共53頁。Euphemism is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may

28、 offend or suggest sth unpleasant. Its function is to give better sounding name to elevate sth unpleasant or imperfect, to soften the shock of reality or to cover up dreadful facts. Understatement is used to express an idea too weakly to replace strong word with weak terms such as: using a bit, rath

29、er or pretty instead of very. It can sometimes create humorous or ironic effect.第41頁，共53頁。Examples:General statement: We can solve this problem.Understatement: This problem is not above us.這個(gè)問題難不住我們。Some of the items are good, others might be better. (are not good enough) 有些不那么精彩。He is a man not wit

30、hout ambition. (having some ambition)他不是一個(gè)沒有抱負(fù)的人。.第42頁，共53頁。Writing features:1. a formal writing of exposition2. using transitional expressions to link sentences and paras3. using technical terms4. using figures 5. using military examples6. using synonyms7. using rhetorical devices.第43頁，共53頁。4. Lang

31、uage appreciation The author developed this exposition by the cause and effect method. He chose typical examples to support his ideas. To make his writing clear, vivid and forceful, he used figures of speech such as understatement, alliteration, metaphor, rhetorical question and metonymy. .第44頁，共53頁

32、。Language appreciation His formal style, serious tone as well as military metaphors indicated that environmental protection is a kind of war. Although this writing is about a scientific research on the environment, the writer uses very few technical terms so that ordinary people can understand it ea

33、sily.第45頁，共53頁。5. Summary of the words and phrases:Words of general usea good catch divertcomparable to dock at restunderlying cause, dominant cause sample remotest and least accessible placeinexorable changein such quantities, in such volume.第46頁，共53頁。 threat, threaten, buildup, increase, accelerat

34、ion ofaccelerate exponentiallyat staketransform, reshape, pervasive, spreading , prevailing, prevalentdiscardassumptionyardstick.第47頁，共53頁。Words of Area The AralAntarcticafrigid Arctic Ocean North and South PolesThe equatorAmazon rain forestlocal, regional, global (context).第48頁，共53頁。Words of Environmental crisisimages of destruction, distressing imagespollution, contamina