英語文體學(xué)Chapter3-Varieties-of-Language-PPT課件

1、English StylisticsChapter 3 Varieties of LanguageContentsTwo kinds of varieties1Dialects2Registers 3Social meaning of language varieties5Mutual dependence bet. register and dialect43.1 Two kinds of varietiesLanguage is used in a contextLanguage in use is determined by a variety of situationsModern l

2、inguistics has worked out a system of variety categories3.1 Two kinds of varietiesThe features of the situational circumstances of speech events that can be consistently related to variations in language use fall into two groups:Dialectal 方言變體Diatypic 功能變體3.1 Two kinds of varietiesDialectal varietie

3、s dialectsAssociated with different usersPermanent features in individual, temporal, regional, social and standard aspectsDiatypic varieties registers Associated with different language useDepending on different types of occasionsThree dimensions: field, mode, and tenor of discourse3.2 Dialects3.2.1

4、 Individual dialect IdiolectOnes own features of speech/writing habitsVoice qualityPitch & stress patternsLexical itemsGrammatical structures- xxs language/style3.2 Dialects3.2.2 Temporal dialectVarieties correlating with various periods of the development of languageEnglish: Old Eng.(4501100) Anglo

5、-Saxon; Beowulf Middle Eng.(11001500) The Canterbury Tales Modern Eng. (1500now) W. Shakespeare; Samuel Johnson3.2 Dialects3.2.3 Regional dialectDifferent speech patterns in different placesAccent (倫敦小伙兒模仿全球24種英語口音)English British Eng. American Eng.Differences: phonology, graphology, vocabulary, gra

6、mmar (p.27-28)3.2 Dialects3.2.4 Social dialectA variety with certain social group4 varieties:Socioeconomic status social class/rankEthnic varieties Black Eng.: phonological, verb, there is, multiple negative constructions Gender varieties male/femaleAge varieties old men/young men3.2 Dialects3.2.5 S

7、tandard dialectRange of intelligibility standard / non-standardStandard dialect: based on the language of educated native speakers which enables speakers of the language to communicate intelligibly with each otherOccasions to use: taught in schools and to non-native speakers; news; dictionaries and

8、grammars3.3 Registers Fishman: who speaks what language to whom and when3.3 Registers 3.3.1 Field of discourseReflecting the purposive role of language userSocial activity the language user is engaged in doing in the situation in which the text has occurredThe language the user uses will show what h

9、is/her language is about, what experience he/she is verbalizing, what is going on in the speech eventTechnical vs non-technical (p.33-34)Non-technical: non-specialist fields, casual Technical: specialist fields, restricted, formalvocabulary, grammar3.3 Registers3.3.2 Mode of discourseReflecting the

10、relationship that the language user has to the medium of communicationSpeaking vs. writingFeatures of spoken and written languageSpoken: false starts, interruptions, repetitions, grunts, shrieks, erWritten: none of the above, punctuation3.3 Registers3.3.3 Tenor of discourseReflecting the personal re

11、lationships between speaker/writer and hearer/readerWhat the user is trying to do with language for/to his/her addressee(s) Personal tenordegrees of formalityFunctional tenorintention of the user in using the language3.3 Registers3.3.4 The notion of registerInterrelation among field, mode and tenors

12、 of discourseField is related to modeMode is related to personal and functional tenorsConfiguration of the 3 contextual features (p.37)Features of registers: phonological, lexical, grammaticalRegisters: distinctive varieties of language used in different types of situation3.4 The mutual dependence b

13、etween register and dialectA language user can speak in many registersA dialect has relatively permanent featuresA language user may learn the language habits of another dialect for certain usesThe selection of one dialect in different situations is related to language use3.5 The social meaning of language varietiesTo convey many other kinds of information besides the message being communicated by analyzing the stylistic features of a text in te