2015年中考語法專題復(fù)習(xí)------過去完成時(shí) (2)

1、過 去 完 成 時(shí)-The Past Perfect Tense過去完成時(shí)： (The Past Perfect Tense)1 定義：表示在過去某一時(shí)間 或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”，因此這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)一定要有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間或過去的動(dòng)作。2 結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞had（用于各種人稱和數(shù)）+過去分詞過去完成時(shí)1.構(gòu)成：肯定句 (had + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞)：By the end of last month we had/ wed studied four units.否定句 (hadnt + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞)：Before 1988, I had not/ hadnt

2、heard of him.一般疑問句: -Had you left when he arrived? -Yes, I had./ No, I hadnt.特殊疑問句：Why had she done a lot of training before she sailed?2.用法：描述在過去某一時(shí)間以前完成的動(dòng)作或事件。如：One of the men couldnt move because he had broken his leg. (過去的過去) （過去） （現(xiàn)在）Man broke leg. Man could not move. Now I am reporting it.注意：1

3、.并不是過去完成的動(dòng)作就用過去完成時(shí)。它是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如只說明過去完成了某動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，如說明對(duì)現(xiàn)在而言，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).比較:He has seen the film. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在而言)He had seen the film before he came here. (對(duì)過去的動(dòng)作came而言)He saw the film in 1998. (過去某一確定的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)3. 過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用by, by the end of, before,等時(shí)間短語表示,如：They had made 10,000 TV set

4、s by the end of last month.也可以用主句或從句中的另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)表示。如果主句和從句的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時(shí)。Before he visited Polly, he had called her. (call 在 visit 之前)After she had trained hard, she left on the trip. (train 在 leave 之前)She did a lot of training because she had never sailed. (never sail在do training 之前)

5、 I thanked Mr.Smith who had given me so much help. (give 在 thank 之前)The boy said that he had never done such a bad thing. (never do 在 say 之前) 3 兩種情況：(1)用于賓語從句，賓語從句中主句是過去時(shí)，從句必須用過去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，如果從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，這時(shí)要變成過去完成時(shí)。eg:He says he has never seen such an exciting match. He said he had never seen such an exciti

6、ng match before. (2)過去的過去（定義） a.句子中有過去的時(shí)間 before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) eg:I had finished my homework before 9 oclock yesterday evening. by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) eg:I had learned 1,000 words by the end of 2004. b.句子中有過去的動(dòng)作（通常用時(shí)間狀語從句來表達(dá)，由when,before,by the time 引導(dǎo)）eg:1 When I got to there, the bus had already gone. 2 Before I

7、met her, I had heard a lot about her. 3 By the time we got to the shop , it had already been closed.注意事項(xiàng)：一、主語過去完成時(shí)when引導(dǎo)的從句(注：從句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去式) by短語by the time引導(dǎo)的從句(注：從句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去式) before引導(dǎo)的從句(注：從句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去式) 1、1. Tom was frustrated that most of the friends _ when he _ at the party. A. left；had arrived B. lef

8、t；arrivedC. had left；had arrived D. had left；arrived 2、We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned 1.He told me that he (hear)of the door before I left.2.I really forgot if I (lock)the door before I left.3.By the time we got to the station,thetrain (leave)already.4.By the end of last year,they (