參考15非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、英語語法從入門到高級(jí)（放棄）非謂語動(dòng)詞Jack M.非謂語動(dòng)詞分類不做謂語的動(dòng)詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，（現(xiàn)在過去）分詞The teacher told us to do the homework.老師叫我們做家庭作業(yè)I like swimming.我喜歡游泳He sat there and reading a newspaper.他坐在那看著報(bào)紙We heard aboutpollutedair information.我們聽到了空氣被污染的消息不定式大多數(shù)都是to+動(dòng)詞不定式，還有些是沒有to動(dòng)詞不定式I like to clean.我喜歡打掃衛(wèi)生I can do it.我能做到不定式什么時(shí)候不

2、加to1、跟助動(dòng)詞can, could, might, should, will, may, must, ought to, shall一起不加toI can do it.2、跟感官動(dòng)詞（see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel等）一起不加toI saw him enter the house.3、跟使役動(dòng)詞（let, make, have, keep, help等）一起不加toLet me try it.4、跟why（not）一起不加toWhy not go out for a walk on a sunny day？ 不定式什么時(shí)候不加to5、跟

3、know一起有時(shí)候不加to若know為現(xiàn)在式，不定式是限于to be，這時(shí)候to不能省略We knew her to be honest.若know為完成式或過去式，結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式用除to be外的其他動(dòng)詞不定式，這個(gè)時(shí)候可以省略toWe have never known him tell a lie.6、介詞except、but后不加toShe tries everything except cook.7、主語部分帶do不定式做表語省略toAll you do now is complete the form.8、當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)作用相同的不定式并列時(shí)，第一個(gè)不定式前用to，其余不定式前的to可以

4、省略He told me to stay there and wait for him.不定式什么時(shí)候不能省to當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要補(bǔ)上在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中省略的toShe was made to feel happy by the great news. 這個(gè)好消息使她感到高興The woman was seen to enter a bank. 有人看見這個(gè)女人進(jìn)了一家銀行不定式時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)分類時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)概念不定式一般to doto be done動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語的動(dòng)作之后，表示將來目的完成to have doneto have been done動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語的動(dòng)作之前，

5、表示已經(jīng)完成進(jìn)行to be doing動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行而且持續(xù)，表示正在進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行to have been doing動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語的動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了一部分，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行而且持續(xù)一般主動(dòng)：I learn to play badminton.（我學(xué)打羽毛球） 一般被動(dòng)：The cat likes to be petted.（我喜歡被寵愛）完成主動(dòng)：I learn to have played badminton.（我學(xué)過打羽毛球）完成被動(dòng)：The cat likes to have been petted by me.（這貓喜歡被我寵愛）進(jìn)行主動(dòng)：I learn to be playing ba

6、dminton.（我正在學(xué)打羽毛球）完成進(jìn)行：I learn to have been playing badminton.（我一直在學(xué)打羽毛球）不定式不定式做句子成分：主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)主語：To learn a foreign language is difficult.學(xué)一門外語很難it形式主語：It is difficult to learn a foreign language.學(xué)一門外語很難賓語：I think to learn a new language difficult.我認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言很困難it形式賓語：I think it difficult to

7、learn a new language.我認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言很困難表語：His wish is to be a scientist.他希望可以成為科學(xué)家定語：I have nothing to say.我沒有什么要說的狀語：They went to see their aunt.他們?nèi)タ此麄兊墓脣屬e補(bǔ)：The teacher told us to do homework.老師叫我們做作業(yè)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)詞加ing變成名詞I like swimming.我喜歡游泳動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)詞加ing變成名詞分類時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)概念動(dòng)名詞一般doingbeing done動(dòng)作發(fā)生與謂語的動(dòng)作之前之后同時(shí)都行完成hav

8、ing donehaving been done動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語的動(dòng)作之前，表示已經(jīng)完成一般主動(dòng)：I like playing badminton.（我喜歡打羽毛球） 一般被動(dòng)：The cat likes being petted by me.（這貓喜歡被我寵愛）完成主動(dòng)：I like having played badminton.（我喜歡過打羽毛球）完成被動(dòng)：The cat likes having been petted by me.（這貓喜歡被我寵愛）動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞做句子成分：主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓補(bǔ)主語：learning a foreign language is difficult

9、.學(xué)一門外語很難賓語：I enjoy dancing.我喜歡跳舞表語：His job is driving a bus.他的工作是開公交車定語：This is a swimming pool.這個(gè)一個(gè)游泳池賓補(bǔ)：I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我稱這為拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞加ing做現(xiàn)在分詞He is dancing.他正在跳舞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞加ing做現(xiàn)在分詞分類時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)概念現(xiàn)在分詞一般doingbeing done動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行而且持續(xù)，表示正在進(jìn)行完成having donehaving been done動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語的動(dòng)作之前，表示已

10、經(jīng)完成一般主動(dòng)：He is playing badminton.（他正在打羽毛球） 一般被動(dòng)：The cat likes being petted by me.（這貓喜歡被我寵愛著）完成主動(dòng)：He is having played badminton.（他打過羽毛球）完成被動(dòng)：The cat likes having been petted by me.（這貓喜歡被我寵愛）現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞做句子成分：表語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)表語：The story is interesting.這個(gè)故事有趣定語：The area being studied may be rich in coal.這個(gè)正在被研究

11、的地方可能有煤狀語：He sat here and reading a book.他坐在那看著書賓補(bǔ)：He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.他看小偷正在從銀行里偷錢現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞區(qū)分，看意思是否有正在進(jìn)行，看句子成分現(xiàn)在分詞（狀語、表語、定語、賓補(bǔ)）:a swimming boy 正在游泳的男孩 He sat here and reading a book.他坐在那看著書動(dòng)名詞（主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓補(bǔ)）:a swimming suit 泳衣learning a foreign language is difficu

12、lt.學(xué)一門外語很難I enjoy dancing.我喜歡跳舞過去分詞動(dòng)詞加ed構(gòu)成過去分詞We heard aboutpollutedair information.我們聽到了空氣污染的消息過去分詞過去分詞做句子成分：表語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)表語：He is interested in the news.他對(duì)這消息感興趣定語：The polluted river.被污染的河狀語：Given more time, I can do my project better.我再被多給點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我的項(xiàng)目會(huì)做的更好賓補(bǔ)：I found my car stolen.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我測(cè)被偷了非謂語做獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)什么是獨(dú)

13、立主格結(jié)構(gòu)前一部分是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)或形容詞、副詞、名詞或介詞短語，前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系，修飾整個(gè)句子Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. 有很多作業(yè)要做，我只能整天待在家非謂語做獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)不定式構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)往往表示還未發(fā)生的行為或狀態(tài)在句中常作原因狀語或者條件狀語So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job.有太多孩子需要照看，這位母親只能辭職了非謂語做獨(dú)立

14、主格結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語時(shí)，邏輯主語必須是主句的主語如果不一致用現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，常作時(shí)間、方式、伴隨、原因、條件狀語He sat here, reading a book.他坐在那看著書The sun is rising, He sat here reading a book.太陽正在升起，他坐這看著書非謂語做獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)過去分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)過去分詞做狀語時(shí)過去分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，常作時(shí)間、伴隨、原因、條件狀語The task completed, we had a global traveling.任務(wù)完成后，我們進(jìn)行了環(huán)球旅行非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)+語態(tài)分類時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)概念不定式一般to doto be done動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語的動(dòng)作之后，表示將來目的完成to have doneto have been done動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語的動(dòng)作之前，表示已經(jīng)完成進(jìn)行to be doing動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行而且持續(xù)，表示正在進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行to have been doing動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語