英語動詞時態(tài)總結(jié)

1、初中英語動詞時態(tài)總結(jié)復(fù)習(xí)要點闡述今天我們復(fù)習(xí)動詞的時態(tài)， 英語的時態(tài)是同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)英語的難點。今天我們復(fù)習(xí)如 下的內(nèi)容：初中階段學(xué)習(xí)的時態(tài)：. 一般現(xiàn)在時。.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。. 一般過去時。.過去進(jìn)行時。. 一般將來時。.過去將來時。.現(xiàn)在完成時。.過去完成時。初中階段所學(xué)的英語的時態(tài)有 8種。英語的時態(tài)有很強(qiáng)的表達(dá)能力，能使句子的意 思明確，能顯示細(xì)微的差異，能使句子生動逼真。但它們又是相當(dāng)靈活，在不同的時間 中，要用不同的形式，這是與中文大不相同的地方。一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時是描述經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性的動作、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的時態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時的時間oftenusually always seldom som

2、etimesevery +時間次數(shù)十時間on +時間in +時間沒有時間，但表示客觀存在的事實一般現(xiàn)在時動詞的形式主要用動詞原形表示，但如果主語是單數(shù)第三人稱時, 則在動詞后加s或es,變成否定句和疑問句時，又將s、es去掉，還為原形。be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成啟式1疑問式否定式疑問臺JE式I am a teacher.Am I a teacher?I am not./I mnot a teacher.Am I not a teacher?He/ She is a teacher.Is he/ she a teacher?He/ She is not/ isn a teacher.Is, he

3、/ shenot a teacher?或 Isn he /she a teacher?It is Mary.Is it Mary?It is not /isn Ma ry.Is it not Mary?/ Isn it Mary?We/ You/ They are teachers.Are we/ you/ they teachers?We/ You/ They are not/aren teachers.Are we/ you/ they not teachers或 Aren we/ you/ they teacher?否定式和疑問否定式如下表所示:t其他實義動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成其他實義動

4、詞一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成如下表所示(以動詞work為例)后定式口疑問式否定式疑問臺JE式I work.Do I work?I don work.Do I not work?或 Don I work?He/ She /It works.Does he/ she /it work?He/ She/ It does not/doesn wotk.Does he/ she/ it not work?或 Doesn he/ she/ it work?We/ You/ They work.Do we/ you/ they work?We/ You/ They do not/ don w ork.Do we/ y

5、ou/ they not work?或 Don t we/ you/ they work?特別提示:have(has底表示 有“時，否定形式為 haven t(hasn或thave not(has not),變?yōu)橐蓡?句時可直接把have(has敬在句首也可借助于助動詞 do(does)。當(dāng)不表示 有”的意思時， 其否定句和疑問句只能加助動詞 do(does)構(gòu)成。 TOC o 1-5 h z e.g.Has she any experience in teaching piano lessons?(，)Does she have any experience in teaching pian

6、o lessons?(，)她有教鋼琴的經(jīng)驗嗎？Had you a good time going hiking yesterday?( ) xDid you have a good time going hiking yesterday?(，)你昨天徒步旅行玩得開心嗎 ？上面我們列舉了一般現(xiàn)在時的時間和動詞的形式，在上述時間中，動詞就要用到表格中的形式。e.gMy sister(watch) TV every day.因為 every day,所以填 watches”He(teach) English.因為沒有時間說明他的職業(yè)，所以填teaches注意：在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在

7、時表示將來的動作。e.g.We won t go to the park if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨，我們將不去公園。When I grow up, I will go to America.我長大后要去美國。.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成如下表所示(以動詞work為例)后定式I am working.We/ You/ They are working .He/ She/ It is working .疑問式Am I working ?Are we/ you/ they working ?Is he/ she/ it working ?否定式I am

8、 not working.We/ You/ They are notHe/ She/ It is notworking 或 We/ You/They aren t workingworking .或 He/ She/ It isn t workin g疑問臺JE式Am I not working ?Are we/ you/ they not working 誠 Aren we/ you/ they working ?Is he/ she/ it not working ?或 Isn he/ she/ it working?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的基本用法表示說話時正在進(jìn)行、尚未完成的動作或狀態(tài)。e.g.T

9、he telephone is ringing . Would you answer it, please?電話在響，你能否接一下？Now watch carefully and see what is happening in the experiment.現(xiàn)在仔細(xì)觀察，看在實驗中發(fā)生著什么現(xiàn)象。What are you doing now, Bob? Grandma is asking to see you.鮑勃，你在干什么 冽奶要見你。常與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時連用的時間狀語有：now 現(xiàn)在 right now 現(xiàn)在 at present 目前 at this moment 就現(xiàn)在these day

10、s 這些天 look 瞧 listen 聽 Where is+人稱？表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，雖然此時此刻動作不一定正在進(jìn)行。e.g.George is working on a new book about stories in schools.喬治在寫一本關(guān)于校園故事的新書。I am helping my Dad on the farm this summer vacation.這個暑假我將在農(nóng)場上給爸爸幫忙。I am now visiting Guangzhou this week.我本周在廣州訪問。表示此時此刻某一動作不斷地重復(fù)。e.g.The boy is jumping with

11、great joy at the sight of his mother. 看到媽媽，小男孩高興得不停地跳。Someoneis knocking at the door. It might be the postman.有人在敲門?？赡苁青]遞員。在時間、條件等狀語從句中代替將來進(jìn)行時。e.g.If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please.他來時如果我在睡覺，請叫醒我。與副詞always, usually, forever等連用，表達(dá)說話者的某種感情或?qū)δ骋恍睦淼纳鷦用?述。e.g.I m missing you very much. It

12、 s a long time since we last met.我很想念你。自從咱們上次見面以來已有很長時間了。We re looking forward to seeing you again.我們都盼望著再見到你。She is always thinking of others instead of herself.她總是為別人而不是為自己著想。（贊揚）Why are you always coming late for class? You are close to being suspended.你怎么總是上學(xué)遲到？你快被開除了。（批評）這種用法同學(xué)們只是了解一下，要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，還

13、應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間。進(jìn)行時態(tài)用于瞬間動詞。往往表示 即將”，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。這類動詞有： come, go, leave, start. begin, stop, arrive, stay, return, take等。我們通常 用這些動詞的進(jìn)行時，表示將要發(fā)生的動作。e.gAre you staying in Guangzhou for a week?你將在廣州呆一周嗎？I am taking my daughter to the Central Park this Saturday.這個周六我將帶女兒去中央公園。They re leaving for Beijing tom

14、orrow.明天他們將離開這里去北京。The girl is going to Beijing next week.那個女孩下個星期將去北京。不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的動詞表示人的內(nèi)心感覺、態(tài)度情感等的描述性動詞。常用的該類動詞有：love愛 like喜歡 hate恨 know 知道 mind 介意wish但愿 need需要 agree同意 think認(rèn)為want 想要 believe 相信 forget 忘記 remember 記住 understand 明白e.gAre you knowing Nancy well?( ) xDo you know Nancy well?( ，)你和南希很熟嗎？I

15、 am forgetting your phone number.( ) xI forget your phone number.( V)我忘了你的電話號碼。We are needing your help.( ) xWe need your help.( V)我們需要你的幫助。. 一般過去時一般過去時的構(gòu)成be動詞的一般過去時的構(gòu)成be動詞的一般過去時的構(gòu)成如下表所示：后定式疑問式否定式疑問臺JE式I was a teacher.Was I a teacher?I was not a teacher.Was I not a teacher?He/ She was a teacher.Was

16、he/ she a teacher?He/ She was not/ wasn a teacher.Was he/ she not a teacher堿 Wasri t he /she a teacher?It was Mary.Was it Mary?It was not /wasn Mary.Was it not Mary?/ Wasn it Mary?We/ You/ They were teachers.Were we/ you/ they teachers?We/ You/ They were not/ weren teachers.Were we/ you/ they not te

17、achers或 t.Weren we/ you/ they teachers?其他實義動詞的一般過去時的構(gòu)成其他實義動詞的一般過去時的構(gòu)成如下表所示（以動詞work為例）后定式疑問式否定式疑問臺JE式I worked.Did I work?I did not/ didn work.tDid I not work?或 Didn I twork?He/ She /It worked.Did he/ she /it work?He/ She/ It did not/didn w ork.Did he/ she/ it not work?或 Didn he/ she/ it work?We/ You/

18、 They worked.Did we/ you/ they work?We/ You/ They did not/ didn w ork.Did we/ you/ they not work?或 Didn we/ you/ they work?般過去時的基本用法 表示過去完成的事或存在的狀態(tài)。這種情況常與表示過去的時間狀語a minute ago, yesterday, last week, an hour ago, justnow, during the night, in those days, in 2006 等連用。e.g.Tom suddenly fell 川 yesterday

19、and had to stay home for another day.昨天湯姆突然病了，只好再在家里呆一天。She looked very well when I last saw her.上次我見到她時，她看上去氣色很好。I received a strange phone call yesterday. What a day Ihad!昨天我接到一個奇怪的電話。真是倒霉的一天。The person you are looking for went away just now.你要找的那個人剛走。特別提示：過去時有時也和與現(xiàn)在關(guān)系較為密切的時間狀語連用，如this morning, th

20、is afternoon連用。也就是我們通常說的一天分為三大塊時間，this morning, this afternoon, thisevening。其中 this morning, this afternoon 通常用 一般過去時 “，而 this evening 通常用 幺 般將來時”。e.g.Did you see my watch this morning?今天早晨你看見我的手表了嗎 ？一般過去時不與 now連用，但可與just now連用 e.gMr. Bell called just now telling you not to worry about him.貝爾先生剛才打來電

21、話告訴你不要為他擔(dān)心。常用必背：常與一般過去時連用的時間狀語有:just now 剛才at that moment 在那時last year 去年last night昨天晚上a few days ago 幾天前at that time 當(dāng)時the other day 前幾天yesterday 昨天in 2002 在 2002 年in the old days在過去的歲月里表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與 always, usually, often, sometimes, never等時間狀語連用。（請注意一定要用過去的時間）e.g.I always got up too late, and

22、 never had enough time for breakfast last year.去年我總是起床很晚，從來沒有足夠的時間吃早飯。表示過去特定時間一次完成的具有先后順序的幾個動作時，常用過去時，此時一般不出現(xiàn)表示過去的時間狀語，需要通過情景斷定。e.g.I got up early, washed my face, had a quick breakfast and hurried to school.我早早起了床，洗完臉，迅速吃完早飯，就匆忙上學(xué)去了。Tom was late. He opened the door quietly, moved in and walked care

23、fully to his seat.湯姆來晚了。他悄悄打開門進(jìn)去，小心翼翼地走到自己的座位上。追述逝去的人或事，常用過去時。e.g.The book was written by Mr. Liang Shiqiu.這本書是梁實秋先生寫的。Lei Feng set a good example to the people throughout the world.雷鋒為全世界的人樹立了一個好榜樣。表示過去將來的動作。在時間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中，表示過去將來的動作。e.g.She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.她說如果我

24、答應(yīng)等她，她會來的。I didnt knoshe would come until yesterday.直到昨天我才知道她要來。 since從句一般用一般過去時。e.g.You haven t chged much since we last met.自從上次我們見面以來，你變化不大。It s three years sincevheni abroad.他出國三年了。It s a long time since was ill.他病好很長時間了。I haven t found any job sinceas out of work.自我失業(yè)以來，我一直沒找到工作。.過去進(jìn)行時(1)過去進(jìn)行時的

25、構(gòu)成：過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成如下表所示:后定式疑問式否定式疑問臺JE式I /He /She/ It was working .Was I/ he/ she/ it working ?I/ He/ She/ It was not working .或 I/ he/ she/ it wasn t working .Was I /he/ she /it not working ?或 Wasd d/ he/ she /it working ?We/ You/ They were working.Were we/ you/ they working ?We/ You/ They were not workin

26、g .或 We/ You/ They weren t workingWere we/ you/ they not working ?或 Weren we/ you/ they working ?(2)過去進(jìn)行時的時間then那時候at that time那時候at this time yesterday昨天的這個時候atthiftime +過去的時間at +點鐘+過去的時間when +過去時的主句while連接的兩個過去的動作e.g.What were you doing this time yesterday?昨天這個時候你在干什么？They were watching TV at 7 ye

27、sterday evening.昨天晚上7點鐘他們在看電視。注意：He/ She /It was 不可縮略為 He s, She s,It H s是 He is 或 He has 的縮略形式, She是She is或She has的縮略形式，It 是It is或It has的縮略形式。. 一般將來時般將來時的構(gòu)成：一般將來時的構(gòu)成如下表所示 (以動詞work為例):后定式疑問式否定式疑問臺JE式I /We shall work.Shall I/ we work?I/ We shall notShall I/ we notwork.work?I/ We /You/ They/ He/ She/

28、It will work.W川 I /we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it work?I/ We/ You/ They/ He/ She/ It will not work.Will I /we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it not work?英語口語中，常常為了說話的方便和簡潔而使用動詞的縮略形式。一般將來時的肯定縮略式為:mailauLjuzQ.可叫明,h? llhi:l:否定縮略式為工I We won (weunt shaniJa:nt: you they he she tr von Fil noL not7 they-ll noc: hell not,

29、 she:tlnoL it:U nets否定疑問縮略式為：Shan t I/ We ? Won t I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it?一般將來時的基本用法：“will/shall+動詞原形”表示一個將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。在書面語中，主語是 I或 we時，常用shall,也可用will。在口語中，will可用于各種人稱，而 shall的用法范圍 較窄，且越來越有被 will替代的趨勢。e.g.It ll soon be Christmas and the New Year.很快就到圣誕節(jié)和新年了。I will/shall see you tomorrow and tal

30、k about the new plan.明天我去找你談?wù)動嘘P(guān)新計劃的事：We will/shall come to ask Miss Chen for help.我們要找陳老師幫忙。Helllose the job if he doesn t work hard.如果他不努力，他會失去這份工作。Nobody will do such a job with so little pay.沒人會做工資這么少的工作常用必背:常與一般將來時連用的時間狀語有:next time 下次tomorrow evening 明晚tomorrow 明天before long 不久后next year 明年in t

31、he future 將來this afternoon 今天下午the day after tomorrow 后天般將來時的其他表達(dá)法:除了 will/shall結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示將來之外，以下幾種形式也是表示將來時態(tài)常用的結(jié) 構(gòu)。be going to表示將來：be going to結(jié)構(gòu)在口語中常用來表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事, 必然或很可能發(fā)生的事，也用來表示自然現(xiàn)象。e.g.I m going to gather some materials about Picasso.我打算搜集一些有關(guān)畢加索的材料。It W going to be a fine day for surfing tomorro

32、w.明天將會是沖浪的好天氣。be doing表示將來。常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有 go, come, leave, start, begin, run, leave, stay, do, take等。這 種用法往往指安排好要做的事情，很少變更。e.g.I m doing my experiment tomorrow.明天我要做實驗。Shes leaving early tomorrow morning.明天她很早就出發(fā)。be to do表示將來。這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示計劃中約定的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)和要求必須去做的事或即將發(fā)生的動作。e.g.The president is to visit China next

33、 week.總統(tǒng)下周來訪問中國The meeting is to take place early tomorrow.會議明天一早召開。用法比較：be going to 與 will/ shallbe going to指當(dāng)前的、已計劃過或思考過的意圖和打算，will/ shall表示未事先思考或未計劃過的意圖；be going to還可表示客觀跡象表明馬上要發(fā)生，而 will則表明說話 者的觀點、主觀意識。另外 will/ shall還可作情態(tài)動詞用，表示感情色彩。e.g.It will be Christmas soon.很快就是圣誕節(jié)了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)將來的狀態(tài)）I am going to lis

34、ten to music.我打算聽聽音樂。（現(xiàn)在的打算，指向?qū)恚㊣ ll answer the door.我去開門。（未經(jīng)事先考慮的意圖）I m going to see him tomorrow.我打算明天去看他。（事先經(jīng)過思考）Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm.看看這些云彩，暴風(fēng)雨要來了。（客觀跡象）I hope it will be warm tomorrow.我希望明天會暖起來。（主觀意愿）.過去將來時過去將來時的構(gòu)成：過去將來時的構(gòu)成如下表所示:后定式疑問式否定式疑問臺JE式I /We shall /would wor

35、k.Would/ Should I/ we work?I/ We shall/ would not work.Would/ Should I/ we not work ?You/ They/ He/ She/ It would work.Would you / they/ he/ she /it work?You/ They/ He/ She/ It would not work .Would you / they/ he/ she /t not work ?其縮略形式如下表所示:后定式否定式d/ We d/ You d/ They d/ Hed/ Shed/ It dI d/ We d/ Y

36、ou d/ They d/ He d/ She d7 It d not work.I/ We/ You/ They/ He/ She /It wouldn t work 或 I/ We shouldn t work過去將來時的基本用法：過去將來時表示從過去某一時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。這種時態(tài)主要用于賓語從句或間接引語中。e.g.Last week he promised that he would come, but he hasn t arrived until now.上周他答應(yīng)來的，可到現(xiàn)在都還沒到。He said that he would wait for me at t

37、he gate.他說他將在大門口等我。.現(xiàn)在完成時(1)現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成如下表所示:肯定式疑問式否定式疑問否定式He She It has rorked.月出 he she irHe She It has nor worked.或 He She It ha2ni 江夕Bd一或 Hers She:，; If: not worked.Has he she ir 口?！緒orked? Hasn c haeznt he she it worked?I We You They hav? worked.Have I we vou 由，V wForkd?I We You They hafe

38、 noi w orked. 或 I We iou Thyorked.或 rvefaivWe:vevvi?vYouveju:v Thfye；&eiv not worked.Have I lAe you they not v/orke 4減 Havn : *h5ev nt 1 We you rh?y worktd?(2)現(xiàn)在完成時的時間already 已經(jīng)yet 已經(jīng)just剛剛3)before 從前recently 最近once 曾經(jīng)ever 曾經(jīng)never 從來沒有since+時間for +時間(11) in the past/ last few years 在最近幾年里ever since

39、then 從那時起一直到現(xiàn)在(3)使用現(xiàn)在完成時需注意的問題：現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別。兩者所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系、 對現(xiàn) 在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等，所以不能與表示過去的時間狀語連用；一般過去時只表示過去 的事實，不表示與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。e.g -Have you seenthe TV play?你看過這部電視劇嗎？Yes, I have.是的，看過。When did you seeit?你什么時候看的？ I saw it sometime last year.我是去年的某個時候看的。瞬間動詞的完成時瞬間動詞的肯定式通常不能與表

40、一段時間的for短語、since短語或從句等連用，因為瞬間動詞不能表示延續(xù)狀態(tài)，它只能用現(xiàn)在完成時表達(dá)已經(jīng)做了 ”或還沒有做，而不能表達(dá)做了多久e.g.I have joined the Youth Volunteers for five years.( )xI joined the Youth Volunteers five years ago. (或 I have beena member of the Youth Volunteers for five years.(我是五年前加入青年志愿者隊伍的。初中所學(xué)的常用瞬間動詞如下：leave have been awaydie has bee

41、n deadbuyhave hadborrow have kept openhave been open close have been closed begin have been on finish have been over arrive have bee n 地點 comehave been +地點(11) gohave been+地點8.過去完成時過去完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)的時間和動詞是過去之前的過去(1)動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞(2)過去完成時的時間by+過去的時間by the end of+過去的時間(3)過去完成時的其它用法用于when的主句、條件：從句的動作過了，主句的動作在從句的動作之前。e.g.They had already had supper when I g