法律英語翻譯課件

1、法律英語翻譯(1)2022/7/29法律英語翻譯(1)立法文件（legislative documentation）；司法文件（judicial documentation）；律師文書（documents prepared by lawyers）；法律英語研究的對象包括：法律英語翻譯(1)法律、法規(guī)、條例、規(guī)章；判決、裁定；合同、協(xié)議、律師意見、案例等等。具體來說有：法律英語翻譯(1)A Treaty法律英語翻譯(1)“莊重的” (solemn)；“刻板的” (rigid)；法律英語的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)詞匯特點(diǎn)；句子特點(diǎn)；法律英語的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)經(jīng)常使用的普通詞并無普通詞的意義；E

2、x 1. He was awarded $500 damages for the injury he suffered in the accident.法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)解釋：Ex 1. He was awarded （判給）$500 damages（損害賠償）for the injury he suffered in the accident.法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)Ex. 2. The testator died without issue（子女）.Parties must wait for process（傳票）to issue from the court

3、.法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)詞匯普通含義法律含義action行動訴訟offer提供要約consideration考慮對價hand手簽名instrument儀器法律文件法律英語翻譯(1)2. 頻繁使用當(dāng)代普通英語極少使用的古舊詞匯；Ex. 1 Provided further that this Policy shall be subject to the Conditions herein contained and to any Memoranda endorsed hereon and such Conditions and Memoranda are to b

4、e taken as part of the Policy, the observance and performance by the Insured of the times and terms therein contained so far as they relate to anything to be done by the Insured are of the essence of this contract and shall be conditions precedent to any liability on the part of the Insured under th

5、is Policy. （薛華業(yè)，1989：98）法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)2. 頻繁使用當(dāng)代普通英語極少使用的古舊詞匯；（譯文）只要本保單符合本合同所設(shè)定的條件和備忘錄的內(nèi)容，且該條件和備忘錄作為保單的一部分，而被保險(xiǎn)人的所作所為遵守本保單約定的時間和條款，這一點(diǎn)是本合同的實(shí)質(zhì)所在，同時也是被保險(xiǎn)人承擔(dān)本保單責(zé)任的先決條件。 法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)here words: hereafter, hereby, herein, hereinafter, hereinbefore, hereunder;there words: thereabout, thereafter,

6、thereby, thereupon, therewith;where words: whereas, whereat, whereby, whereof;witnesseth; witness (in witness whereof);aforesaid; forthwith; said contract; thence; thenceforth.法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)3. 頻繁使用拉丁詞：affidavit 宣誓陳述書;alibi 不在犯罪現(xiàn)場; bona fide 善意的;in rem 對物（訴訟）;inter alia 除了別的以外;quorum 法定人數(shù)。法律英語詞匯的

7、特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)4. 大量使用大眾詞匯中比較陌生的法語詞Estoppel 不得悔言；Fee simple 無條件繼承的不動產(chǎn)； Esquire 律師；Voire dire （考察證人或陪審員是否適合的）預(yù)先審核；法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)5. 大量使用專業(yè)術(shù)語burden of proof 舉證責(zé)任；cause of action 案由；contributory negligence 混合疏忽；defendant 被告；due diligence 審慎調(diào)查；letters patent 專利證書。法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)5. 大量使用專業(yè)術(shù)語tort 侵權(quán)；with

8、out prejudice 不損害；cause of action 訴訟理由；pierce the corporate veil 揭穿公司面紗；will and testament 遺囑；法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)6.經(jīng)常使用正式程度較高的詞匯法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)普通用法法律英語含義beforeprior to以前aftersubsequent以后butprovided that但是explainconstrue解釋法律英語翻譯(1)7. 試圖以最精確的詞語和形式表達(dá)法律概念shall not constitute a waiver;shall not be deemed a cons

9、ent;including but not limited tonothing contained herein shall法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)8. 大量使用累贅詞以表達(dá)單一的法律概念assign or transfer 轉(zhuǎn)讓Remise, release, and forever discharge 讓渡；放棄acknowledge and confess 承認(rèn)terms and conditions 條款null and void 無效；失效法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)1.結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長句 If, after the signing of this Agreement

10、, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method or implementation of any law, regulation, decree

11、 or rule, 法律英語句子的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1) which contravenes this Agreement or which materially and adversely affects a Partys economic benefit under this Agreement, then upon written notice thereof from the affected party to the other Party, the Parties shall promptly consult and decide whether (i) to continue t

12、o implement this Agreement in accordance with the original provisions thereof as per the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of the Peoples Republic of China；法律英語句子的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1) or (ii) to effectuate necessary adjustments in order to preserve each Partys economic benefit under this Agreement on a

13、 basis no less favorable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented.法律英語句子的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1) 若本協(xié)議簽署之后，中國國家、省、市或地方政府通過任何新的法律、法規(guī)、法令或條例，修改或廢除任何法律、法規(guī)、法令或條例的任何條款，或?qū)θ魏畏?、法?guī)、法令或條例給予不同的解釋或采取不同的實(shí)施

14、方法，導(dǎo)致與本協(xié)議相沖突，或?qū)σ环皆诒緟f(xié)議項(xiàng)下的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益造成實(shí)質(zhì)性的不利影響，受到影響的一方經(jīng)書面通知另一方后，對方應(yīng)立即協(xié)商并決定是否法律英語句子的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)(i)根據(jù)中華人民共和國合同法的有關(guān)規(guī)定繼續(xù)按照本協(xié)議的原條款履行本協(xié)議，或(ii)做出必要的調(diào)整，以保持各方在本協(xié)議下的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，使之不遜于各方在該等法律、法規(guī)、法令或條例未通過、未修改、未廢除、未做出不同的解釋或未采取不同的實(shí)施方法之前所能獲得的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。法律英語句子的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)法律英語句子的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)2. 被動語態(tài)和名詞化結(jié)構(gòu) Unless otherwise provided for here

15、in, failure or delay on the part of any party to exercise any right, power or privilege under this Agreement shall not operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege preclude further exercise thereof 法律英語句子的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1) or exercise of any other

16、right, power or privilege. A waiver by one of the parties at any time of a breach of any term or provision of this Agreement committed by the other party shall not be construed as a waiver by such party of any subsequent breach to be committed by the other party, nor shall it be construed as a waive

17、r by such party of its rights under such provision or any of its other rights under this Agreement.法律英語句子的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1) 除非本協(xié)議另有約定，任何一方未能或延遲行使其在本協(xié)議項(xiàng)下的任何權(quán)利、權(quán)力或特權(quán)，不應(yīng)視為其放棄該項(xiàng)權(quán)利、權(quán)力或特權(quán)；單獨(dú)或部分行使任何權(quán)利、權(quán)力或特權(quán)，亦不妨礙其進(jìn)一步行使該權(quán)利、權(quán)力或特權(quán)或行使其他權(quán)利、權(quán)力或特權(quán)。一方在任何時候放棄追究另一方違反本協(xié)議任何條款或約定的行為，不應(yīng)視為該方放棄追究另一方以后的違約行為，亦不應(yīng)被視為該方放棄其在該約定下的權(quán)利或其在

18、本協(xié)議項(xiàng)下的其他權(quán)利。法律英語句子的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)各種翻譯方法舉例：原文： Mr Dewar slipped and fell outside his official Edinburgh residence on Tuesday morning. He picked himself up and went on to carry out two lunch time engagements. (BBC news 11/10/2000)法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)譯文： 逐字對譯：杜瓦先生滑了和跌倒在外面他的官方愛丁堡居所在星期二早晨。他揀自己起來和繼續(xù)去實(shí)行兩個午餐約定。

19、法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)字面翻譯： 星期二早晨杜瓦先生滑倒在他的愛丁堡官邸外面。他爬起來繼續(xù)去參加兩個午餐約會。法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)語意翻譯： 星期二早晨，杜瓦先生在愛丁堡官邸外滑倒了，但他仍爬起來繼續(xù)去參加兩個午餐約會。法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)傳譯翻譯： 杜瓦先生的官邸在愛丁堡。星期二早晨，他不小心在屋外摔了一跤。不過他仍奮力爬起，去參加了兩個午餐活動。法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)編譯： 杜瓦先生在愛丁堡有一座官邸。星期二早晨，他剛出門就摔了一跤。不過，他覺得沒事，就爬起來繼續(xù)參加當(dāng)天的活動，午餐時還與兩個團(tuán)體進(jìn)行了正式會談。法

20、律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)改寫： 愛丁堡的早晨空氣新鮮。杜瓦先生喜歡晨練。那天一大早，他穿著運(yùn)動裝出門，正要開始晨練，不小心踩到一塊香蕉皮上，跌倒在地。他奮力爬起，打消跑步的念頭，出門上班，午餐時還堅(jiān)持參加了兩個見面會。法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)1. 準(zhǔn)確性及精確性“立法的確不是一件簡單的事，法律條文的每一詞、每一字，甚至每一個標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號均須反復(fù)推敲，稍一不慎，即可產(chǎn)生失誤，造成嚴(yán)重后果，”法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)Typographical Errors 錯別字“We will prepare a daft agreement at our standa

21、rd free rates.”“We will prepare a draft agreement at our standard fee rates.”法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)2. Incorrect Punctuation 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號錯誤“Party A will perform the Services at the Installation Sites at its sole discretion. Party B may change any Installation Site by giving written notice to Party A”甲方可自行決定是否在

22、安裝現(xiàn)場提供服務(wù)。乙方可書面通知甲方變更安裝現(xiàn)場。法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)“Party A will perform the Services at the Installation sites. At its sole discretion, Party B may change any Installation Site by giving written notice to Party A”甲方將在安裝現(xiàn)場提供服務(wù)。經(jīng)其酌情決定，乙方可書面通知甲方變更安裝現(xiàn)場。法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)Ex 1. 所有董事會成員須由合營方委派和撤換。 all the dir

23、ectors shall be appointed and replaced by the parties to the venture.replaced removed, ousted法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)An another example of ambiguity:“Another man left a yearly income to his married niece as long as she is above ground. When she died her husband installed her in a mausoleum above ground

24、and collected the money for the rest of his life.” (P644 You and the Law)法律英語的特點(diǎn)法律英語翻譯(1)“犯罪嫌疑人曾因流氓兩次被勞教“ 這句話就有兩種理解。一是“因流氓，兩次被勞教”，二是“因流氓兩次，被勞教”。 法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)Ex2: 如果買方對品質(zhì)有異議，可以在貨到目的口岸或收貨后30天內(nèi)向賣方提出索賠。 In case the Buyers have disputes over the quality of the goods, the Buyers may, within 30 day

25、s after arrival at the destination port or delivery of goods, file a claim against the Sellers.delivery taking delivery法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)2. 一致性及同一性Henry Weihofen在法律文體一書中強(qiáng)調(diào)：“exactness often demands repeating the same term to express the same idea. Where that is true, never be afraid of using the sa

26、me word over and over again. Many more sentences are spoiled by trying to avoid repetition”法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1) “保稅區(qū)的減免稅貨物、保稅貨物的監(jiān)管手續(xù)費(fèi)，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照中華人民共和國海關(guān)對進(jìn)口減稅、免稅和保稅貨物征收海關(guān)征管手續(xù)費(fèi)的辦法辦理”“The Customs supervising fees on the import goods granted with duty reduction and exemption and that on the goods in bond sha

27、ll be collected in accordance with the Customs Regulations of the Peoples Republic of China Governing the Collection of Customs Supervising Fees on Import Goods Granted with Duty Reduction or Exemption and the Bonded Goods.”法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)3.清晰及簡練原則Alison Russell在論述法律英語時指出：“句子要簡短。長詞應(yīng)避免。只要能將意思說明白

28、，不用一個多余的詞?！狈捎⒄Z翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)下面這段文章試圖說服上訴法院：“The district court, on the other hand, erroneously addressed but one word of the Bankers Blanket Bondthe term realizedand then the district court misapplied it by erroneously considering whether (the appellee) realized a benefit and the Bank suffered a

29、loss, which is not a question under the Bankers Blanket Bond; and once the district court found that the Bank suffered a loss it held the Insurer liable without considering the language of the Bankers Blanket Bond as relevant to the issue of whether that loss was covered under the Bankers Blanket Bo

30、nd.法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)其實(shí)，這個句子總共包含四層主要意思：The court read only a part of the Bankers Blanket Bond（銀行綜合保證保險(xiǎn)；對雇員或銀行之外的人員破壞信用而給銀行帶來的損失進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償?shù)囊环N保險(xiǎn)。） ;The court read that part incorrectly;And as a consequence, the court failed to focus on the proper issue in the case;The dispositive（決定性的） issue in the case i

31、s whether the loss was covered under the Bond.法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)可改寫成： “The district court addressed only the term realized as used in the Bankers Blanket Bond. Then the court considered whether the appellee realized a benefit and the Bank suffered a loss. At that point, the court incorrectly held

32、the Insurer liable. The issue is whether that loss was covered under the Bond.法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1) 請看下面一句，由于法律條文寫得不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)所造成的嚴(yán)重后果： “The remainder of the testators property should be divided equally between all of our nephews and nieces on my wifes side and my niece.”立遺囑者本人只有一位侄女，而太太方面有22位侄兒、侄女，遺產(chǎn)是在這23人

33、中間平均分配、還是先“一分為二”？法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)4. 專業(yè)化原則不可抗力：“force beyond human power, irresistible force”都不是專業(yè)術(shù)語，應(yīng)該譯成：“force majeure”;知識產(chǎn)權(quán)：“knowledge right,” 應(yīng)該譯為“Intellectual Property Right”performance of contracts: 很多人翻譯成“合同的執(zhí)行”，而真正的法律用詞應(yīng)該是：“合同的履行”。法律英語翻譯的基本原則法律英語翻譯(1)法律英語典型句型的翻譯 改革開放以后，尤其是中國加入世貿(mào)組織后，法律翻譯成為

34、熱點(diǎn)。一方面是為了讓世界了解中國的法律制度和具體法律法規(guī)，需要將大量的中國的法律文本譯成外文。另一方面，為了學(xué)習(xí)借鑒國外的先進(jìn)法制建設(shè)成果，需要將大量的國外的法律法規(guī)法學(xué)著作等譯成外文。然而，由于法律文本意思艱深晦澀、用詞古板守舊、句型復(fù)雜冗長等特點(diǎn)，使得法律翻譯的難度大大高于其他類型的翻譯實(shí)踐。法律文本用詞用語有僵化的傾向，某些句型重復(fù)使用的頻率非常高；而且，法律翻譯的一個重要原則就是保持術(shù)語和句型結(jié)構(gòu)在譯文中的同一性。因此，如果能掌握此類典型句型的翻譯，可以大大提高翻譯翻譯工作的效率。本講擷取法律文本中的高頻句型并就其典型譯法進(jìn)行討論。法律英語翻譯(1)OtherwiseSubject t

35、oWithout prejudice to Any person who does. Shall.WhereFor the purpose(s) ofProvided thatNotwithstandingSave./Except (for)In respect of法律英語典型句型的翻譯法律英語翻譯(1)Otherwise 在法律英語中的用法：跟unless引導(dǎo)的句子（讓步狀語從句）連用；置放在連詞or之后使用；與than一起，通常用來否定句子的主語。Otherwise法律英語翻譯(1) In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requ

36、ires, state means a territory or group of territories having its own law of nationality. (Laws of Hong Kong, Cap.30, Wills Ordinance, Art. 2) 在本條例中除文意另有所指外, “國家”指擁有本身國籍法的領(lǐng)域或一組領(lǐng)域。 例 1法律英語翻譯(1) A notice under subjection (1) shall, unless it otherwise provides, apply to the income from any property spe

37、cified therein as it applies to the property itself. 根據(jù)第（1）款發(fā)出的通知書除其中另有訂定外亦適用于通知書內(nèi)指明的財(cái)產(chǎn)的收入一如適用于該項(xiàng)財(cái)產(chǎn)本身。例 2法律英語翻譯(1) Any person who by threats, persuasion or otherwise induces a witness or a party not to give evidence in any hearing before the Board commits an offence. 任何人籍恐嚇慫恿或以其它手段誘使證人或一方當(dāng)事人不在仲裁處聆訊中

38、作證即屬犯罪。例3法律英語翻譯(1) If 2 or more persons are defendants to a claim, as partners or otherwise, a process may be served on any of them and an award may be obtained and execution issued against any person so served notwithstanding that any other persons jointly liable may not have been served or been a

39、party or may not be within the jurisdiction of the Board. 如有2名或以上的人以合伙人或其它身分而屬同一宗申索的被告人法律程序文件可送達(dá)予其中任何一人而判定該收件人敗訴的裁定可由申索人獲得執(zhí)行程序亦可向該受件人進(jìn)行即使任何其它共同有責(zé)的人可能未獲得送達(dá)法律程序文件或不屬當(dāng)事人或不在仲裁處的司法管轄權(quán)范圍內(nèi)均無例外。例4法律英語翻譯(1) No will or any part thereof shall be revoked otherwise than - (a) by marriage as provided by section 1

40、3; or (b) by another will executed in accordance with section 5; or (c) by a written revocation executed in the manner in which the will was executed; or (d) by the burning, tearing or otherwise destroying of it by the testator, or by some person in his presence and by his direction, with the intent

41、ion of revoking it. 除籍以下方式外任何遺囑的全部或任何部分均不得撤銷- (a)根據(jù)第13條的規(guī)定籍締結(jié)婚姻而撤銷或 (b)籍按照第5條簽立的另一份遺囑而撤銷或 (c)籍依照簽立遺囑方式簽立的遺囑撤銷書而撤銷或 (d)由立遺囑人或由其它人在立遺囑人面前并依其指示將遺囑燒毀撕毀或以其它方法毀滅而其意愿是撤銷該遺囑。例 5法律英語翻譯(1)該短語在法律英文中一般都跟 “agreement”, “section”, “contract”等法律文件名或文件中特定條款名配合使用。通?？煞g成“以為條件”、“根據(jù)規(guī)定”、“ 在符合的情況下”、“除另有規(guī)定外”以及“在不抵觸下”等。Subj

42、ect to法律英語翻譯(1) Subject to this section, an appeal shall be brought in such manner and shall be subject to such conditions as are prescribed by rules made under subsection (5). 在符合本條的規(guī)定下,上訴須按根據(jù)(5)款訂立的規(guī)則內(nèi)訂明的方式提出,并須受該規(guī)則所訂明的條件規(guī)限。例 6 法律英語翻譯(1) Subject to subsection (3), the Board shall have jurisdiction

43、 to inquire into, hear and determine the claims specified in the Schedule. 除第（3）款另有規(guī)定外仲裁處具備查訊聆訊及裁決附表內(nèi)指明的申索的司法管轄權(quán)。例7 法律英語翻譯(1)這個英文法律短語的功能相當(dāng)于普通英文中的“without affecting”。與上一節(jié)“subject to.”的句法結(jié)構(gòu)相同，跟在“without prejudice to”這個短語之后的通常是一個指代某項(xiàng)法律條款的名詞。但對有關(guān)事物或條款的規(guī)限程度，沒有前者那么強(qiáng)硬。前者規(guī)限的程度是必須“符合”或“依照”有關(guān)條款或規(guī)定，后者指不要影響或損害其

44、規(guī)限的事物。在漢語中，其意思相當(dāng)于“在不損害的原則下”、“在不影響的情況下”、“ 不受影響”、“ 不妨礙”、以及“不規(guī)限”等等。Without prejudice to法律英語翻譯(1) Without prejudice to section 24, the following shall be treated as properly executed . 在不影響第24條規(guī)定的原則下以下的遺囑須視為正式簽立例 8法律英語翻譯(1) Without prejudice to the rights of the Attorney General every complainant or inf

45、ormant shall be at liberty to conduct the complaint or information respectively and to have the witnesses examined and cross-examined by him or by counsel on his behalf. 在不損害律政司權(quán)利的原則下每名申訴人或告發(fā)人可進(jìn)行其申訴或告發(fā)并親自或由代表律師訊問及盤問證人。例 9法律英語翻譯(1) 在普通英文中，用where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，一般為地點(diǎn)狀語從句。但在法律英文中，where引導(dǎo)的是法律條款中的條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于“in t

46、he case where”。在香港，其最典型的譯法是“凡.” or “如.”。 例如：Where法律英語翻譯(1) Where a defendant is fined and the same is not forthwith paid, the magistrate may order the defendant to be searched. 凡被告人被判處罰款但沒有隨即繳付罰款裁判官可命令搜查被告人。例 10法律英語翻譯(1) Where a claimant has a claim which exceeds the monetary amount mentioned in the

47、 Schedule and which, but for the excess, would be within the jurisdiction of the Board, the claimant may abandon the excess, and thereupon the Board shall have jurisdiction to inquire into, hear and determine the claim. 如只因申索人的申索超逾附表所述的款額以致該申索超逾仲裁處的司法管轄權(quán)范圍則申索人可放棄追討超額的款項(xiàng)而在此情況下仲裁處有查訊聆訊及裁決該宗申索的司法管轄權(quán)。例

48、11法律英語翻譯(1)在法律條例中，尤其是在各地的刑法條例中(或類似性質(zhì)的條例)，“any person who does shall be guilty of an offence”這種句型重復(fù)率相當(dāng)高，因?yàn)榉傻闹饕δ苁墙缍ê畏N行為屬于違法以及應(yīng)受到怎樣的處罰，而這個句型是其中一個最簡明、直接的表達(dá)方式。在句法上，這個句型通常會把主語和謂語用逗號分開，中間加插一個定語修飾詞。以下是典型的例句及其若干變種： Any person who does. Shall .法律英語翻譯(1) Any person who, without lawful authority or reasonable

49、 excuse, while having dealings of any kind with any other public body, offers any advantage to any public servant employed by that public body, shall be guilty of an offence. 任何人與其它公共機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行任何事務(wù)往來時無合法權(quán)限或合理辯解而向受雇于該公共機(jī)構(gòu)的公職人員提供任何利益即屬犯罪。例 12法律英語翻譯(1) A person shall not, by reason only of his being an execu

50、tor of a will, be incompetent to be admitted a witness to prove the execution of such will, or a witness to prove the validity or invalidity thereof. 任何人不會僅因?yàn)樯頌檫z囑執(zhí)行人而沒有資格獲接受為見證人以證明遺囑的簽立或證明該遺囑具備或不具備效力。例 13法律英語翻譯(1) At the hearing of a complaint or information, a party may be represented by counsel; a

51、nd an absent party so represented shall be deemed not to be absent. 在申訴或告發(fā)案聆訊時任何一方均可由代表律師代表；某一方如有律師代表即使缺席亦不當(dāng)作缺席。例 14法律英語翻譯(1)在大部分情況下，普通辭典里“為. .目的”這一解釋并不適合法律英語中的“for the purpose(s) of.”如果緊跟這個短語的是某個法律條款的指代編號（如章、條、款、節(jié)等），首選的譯文是“就（有關(guān)）章、條、款、節(jié)而言”，其次才是“為了實(shí)施該（條法例）”。倘若原英文中的“for the purpose(s) of.”與“章、條、款、節(jié)等”無

52、關(guān)，而該短語又可以用“for”或“in order to”去取代（這種用法在法律英文中屬于少數(shù)），則可譯成“為了”。For the purpose(s) of .法律英語翻譯(1) For the purposes of subsection (2),land does not include incorporeal hereditament;就第(2)款而言, “土地”(land) 并不包括無體可繼承產(chǎn)； 例16 For the purposes of subsection (3) permission shall be in writing and - 就第（3）款而言許可須為書面形式并且

53、例15 法律英語翻譯(1) For the purposes of subsection (1) of this section the attestation of a will by a person to whom or to whose spouse there is given or made any such disposition as is described in that subsection shall be disregarded if the will is duly executed without his attestation and without that

54、of any other such person. 為第（1）款的施行獲得該款所述的處置的任何人或其配偶如為遺囑作見證而該遺囑沒有其見證或任何這些人的見證亦已屬妥為簽立則該人所作的見證須不予理會。例17法律英語翻譯(1) A judge may, on the application of an appellant who is in custody, order the appellant to be brought up to the court in custody for the purpose of attending his appeal or any application or

55、 any proceeding therein. 法官可應(yīng)在羈押中的上訴人的申請為了使上訴人能出席其上訴或其中任何申請或法律程序而命令將他在羈押下帶上法庭。例18法律英語翻譯(1) For the purpose of the Landlord and the Tenant Ordinance and for the purpose of these presents the rent in respect of the said premises shall be deemed to be in arrear if not paid in advance as stipulated by C

56、lause 1 hereof. 基于租務(wù)條例并基于這些通知，有關(guān)該樓宇的租金，如果未照合約第一條規(guī)定的那樣提前繳付，就應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是拖欠。 例19法律英語翻譯(1) “Provided that”是一個普通英文中很少使用的古舊詞，但該句型在法律文書(尤其是合約條款)中廣泛使用。其用法與“if” 或 “but”非常類似，漢語中的意思相當(dāng)于“倘若/如果”或“但”。該短語放在句首，引導(dǎo)出的是法律英語中的一個條件分句，與“if”、“when”或“where”引導(dǎo)的法律條件句沒有本質(zhì)上的差異；但如果該短語之前存在一個主句，則它表示的是一個與之前的陳述相反的“例外”，相當(dāng)于“with the excepti

57、on of ”，但英譯漢時不能譯成“除外”，而是譯成“但”或“但是”，所以法律界通常稱這類句子為“但書” (proviso)。例如：“Provided that .法律英語翻譯(1) Provided that the acceptance of rent or mesne profits by the Landlord after the expiration of the term of the tenancy hereby created shall not be deemed to operate as a waiver or breach of any of the terms he

58、reof nor as a new periodic tenancy by way of holding over or otherwise. A new Tenancy shall only be created by a fresh tenancy agreement in writing signed by the Landlord and the Tenant. 倘若在本合約規(guī)定的租期屆滿后業(yè)主接受租金或中間收益不應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是起了放棄或違背本合約的任何條件的作用也不應(yīng)認(rèn)為是起了作為繼續(xù)租用或其它的新租期的作用。新租約只能是業(yè)主和租戶簽署的新書面租賃合約。例 20法律英語翻譯(1)Ever

59、y broker, dealer or lender who . shall forfeit to the owner of the goods the full value thereof: Provided that no such order shall bar any such broker, dealer or lender from recovering possession of such goods by action from the person into whose possession they may come by virtue of the magistrates

60、 order, provided that such action is commenced within 6 months next after such order has been made. 每名被如此命令的經(jīng)紀(jì)商人或貸款人如則須向物主償付其全部價值 但上述命令并不禁止有關(guān)經(jīng)紀(jì)商人或貸款人向憑籍裁判官命令獲得管有此等財(cái)物的人士提出訴訟以取回其管有權(quán)但有關(guān)訴訟須在此項(xiàng)命令作出后6個月內(nèi)展開。例21法律英語翻譯(1)The Licensee shall not be entitled to take any proceedings in any of the aforesaid matte