2018考研英語二模擬試題1及答案

1、2018 考研英語二模擬試題及答案（一）Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,_1 _ those of the y

2、oung woman, but also a matchmaker. Ayoung man can _2_a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to _3 _ the marriage negotiations, or the young man s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection._4_ , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have ch

3、osen. _5 _ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying _6_ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _7_ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a sho

4、rt sermon and _8_prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritualhair cutting,_9_cottonthreads soaked in holy water around the bride s and groom s wrists, and _10_ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the _11_ . Newlyseds traditionally move in with the

5、wife s parents and may _12_ with them up to a year, _13_they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to _14_ ,but not common. Divoreced persons are _15_with some disapproval. Each spouse retains _16_ property he or she _17_ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is _18_ equa

6、lly. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice _19_ up: The divorced male doesn t have a waiting period before he can remarry _20_ the woman must wait ten months.1.A by way ofon behalf ofas well aswith regard to標準答案 C as well as考點剖析 邏輯關系選項剖析 因為考察邏輯關系，所以需要我們先對填空前后的原文信息做定位剖析：空格處身處大環(huán)境 not on

7、ly but also 之中，這是一個明顯的并列關系，表示“不單而且 ”，該空后邊的 those 指代前文出現(xiàn)的“ parents and friends ”，明顯“ the young man與“ the young woman ”為并列關系，表示“與他自己以及伴侶的父親母親朋友有關” ，所以答案只好是C項 as well as 也，又。A項 by way of 經(jīng)過，D項 with regard to 對于，B項 on behalf of 代表。2.A adapt toprovide forcompete withdecide on標準答案 D decide on考點剖析 上下文語義選項剖

8、析 依據(jù)該句的主語a young man 與賓語 a likely spouse 的關系，答案只好是D項decide on “決定”，表示自己決定自己的配偶。B項provide for為 供給準備，provide 為及物動詞，直接跟賓語，不需要加介詞；項 adapt to “合用”。C項 competewith “與 競爭” ， A3.A closeB remewC arrangeD postpone標準答案 C arrange考點剖析 上下文語義及動詞辨析選項剖析 該句意思為：他能夠自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父親母親 婚姻談判。四個選項中，A項close封閉；B項renew更新，恢復；D項p

9、ostpone推延；這三項語義不正 確，只有C項arrange “安排”切合語境。A Above all B In theoryC In timeD For example標準答案B In theory考點剖析上下文語義選項剖析邏輯判斷題主假如看前后兩句的含義，前面說“他能夠自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父親母親安排婚姻談判，或許完整由父親母親選擇對象，不給孩子選擇的時機。 ”空格后面說“女方能夠反對她父親母親所選擇的對象。 ”這兩句之間明顯是相反的關系， 且有一個may ，更證明B項In theory“理論上說”的正確性，而其余選項 A項Above all最重要的是，C項In time 準時，D

10、項For example 舉例，均不切合題意。A AlthoughB LestC AfterD Unless標準答案 C After考點剖析 上下文語義選項剖析 依據(jù)下文“ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates theother ”可知，只有對象選擇好后，父親母親才會去檢核對方，明顯表達的是時間先后次序，所以只有 after 才對。其余選項 A 項 Although 只管， B 項 Lest 免得，生怕， DUnless 除非，不然都不切合題意。6.A intoB withinC fromD through標準答案 A int

11、o考點剖析 上下文語義及介詞辨析選項剖析 這里主假如看 marry 與有關介詞的固定搭配及句意理解。 這里 marry into 就 是指“經(jīng)過婚姻獲取成為 的一員” ，而其余選項均沒有這層含義。A sinceB orC butD so標準答案 Cbut考點剖析 邏輯關系選項剖析 依據(jù)上文“從前婚禮會連續(xù)三天”，出處句子意為“到了 20 世紀 80 年月，婚禮只連續(xù)一天半”，明顯與前文發(fā)生轉變，為對照關系，所以選擇C項but可是。8. A copyB testC reciteD create標準答案 C recite考點剖析 上下文語義及動詞辨析選項剖析空格處需要填一個動詞，和后邊的praye

12、rs of blessing 所搭配，C項recite 有。9. A foldingB pilingC wrappingD tying標準答案 D tying考點剖析 上下文語義及動詞辨析選項剖析 此題需要依據(jù)上下文語義剖析，空格處需要搭配后文“棉線”，縱觀四個選項A項 折疊，B項 聚積，C項 包裹，D項 系上，依據(jù)后文的“ around the bride s andgroom s wrists在新郎和新娘的腰間” ，只有 D 項“將在圣水中浸過的棉線系在新郎和新娘的腰間”切合句意。A passingB lightingC hidingD serving標準答案 Apassing考點剖析 上

13、下文語義及動詞辨析選項剖析 原文空格需要填寫一個動詞與后文“ around a circle ”來搭配，譯為“將蠟燭傳一圈”，故A項“傳達”為正確選項。B項 點亮，C項 隱蔽，D項 服務。A meetingB collectionC association D union標準答案 D union考點剖析 名詞辨析 選項剖析 本句語義為“將蠟燭繞著幸福結婚和受人敬愛的夫婦傳達一圈來祝福 ”，D項 聯(lián)合，引中為“婚姻”之意；依據(jù)語境，D項正確。A growB partC dealD live標準答案 D live考點剖析 上下文語義及動詞辨析此題比較簡單。依據(jù)語義“依據(jù)傳統(tǒng)，新婚夫婦要搬到老婆父親

14、母親家，選項剖析與父母 一年，D項“生活”為最正確答案。C項 交易，B項 分開，A項 成長。A whereasB untilC ifD for標準答案 B until考點剖析 時間邏輯關系選項剖析 本句意為“ 他們在鄰近建筑一棟新房屋” ， A 項 但是， B 項 直到，D 項因為， C 項 假如，聯(lián)合前文“新婚夫婦依據(jù)傳統(tǒng)要和女方家人生活一年” ，前后存在必定的時間關系，B項“直到”最切合原文語境，搭配最為合理。14. A avoidB followC challengeD obtain標準答案 D obtain考點剖析 上下文語義及動詞辨析選項剖析 Divorce is legal and

15、 relatively easy to _14_, but not common.該句句意為 “離婚是合法的， 且相對簡單 ?！盇 項 avoid 防止， B 項 follow 跟從，C 項 challenge 挑戰(zhàn)，懷疑，D項obtain獲取，實現(xiàn)。依據(jù)要點詞“ legal”可知這里表達的是正面的意思，再依據(jù)句 意選擇 D 項。15. A isolatedB persuadedC viewedD exposed標準答案 C viewed離婚的人一些不認同?！边@句實際上是在說明離考點剖析 上下文語義及動詞辨析選項剖析 Divorced persons are _15_ with some di

16、sapproval.本段第一句提到“離婚是合法的且相對簡單獲取贊成，可是不常有?；槠鋵嵅怀Ｓ械脑桑珹項isolated孤立，B項persuaded勸告，C項viewed對待，D項 exposed 接觸，遇到 的影響，C 項最切合句意。A whereeverB whateverC wheneverD however標準答案 B whatever考點剖析 關系代詞辨析選項剖析 Each spouse retains _16_ property he or she _17_ into the marriage. 17 小題四個選項都是動詞， 所以該句意思為： 夫婦兩方保有財富， 這個財富是他或她進

17、婚姻的。聯(lián)合A 項 whereever “不論何地；任何（地方） =any place where（ 定從 ） ”； B 項 whatever “不論 什么；任何（東西）=anything that/any+N that ； C項 whenever 不論何時；任何時間=any timewhen ； D 項 however 不論怎樣；不論多么。 依據(jù)語義， 這里應當不是退步的關系，并且填的這個詞還要能修飾 property 。所以，選擇 B項，等于 retains any property that he or she 。A changedB broughtC shapedD pushed標準答

18、案 B brought考點剖析 上下文語義及動詞義辨析選項剖析 Each spouse retains _16_ property he or she _17_ into the marriage ，結 合A項 changed “改變”，B項 brought “帶來”，C項 shaped “形成”，D項 pushed 推， 強迫”。聯(lián)合語境只有B 項切合句意，意為“把財富帶入婚姻” 。A investedB dividedC donatedD withdrawn標準答案 B divided考點剖析 上下文語義及動詞義辨析選項剖析 .and jointly-acquired property i

19、s _18_ equally.聯(lián)合 A 項 invested 投資； B項divided分派；分開；C項donated 捐獻；D項withdrawn 撤出，提取。依據(jù)語義應當是 共同財富被（夫婦兩方）均分，所以選擇B項。A warmsB clearsC showsD breaks標準答案 C shows考點剖析 動詞固定搭配選項剖析 Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice _19_up.該句語義為離過婚的人也許會再婚，可是性別成見。A項warm up加熱，熱身；B項clear up (天氣)變晴，整理，除去； C項show up

20、展現(xiàn)；D項break up分裂，分開；依據(jù)句意，選擇C項。A whileB so thatC onceD in that標準答案 A while選項剖析 上下文語義考點剖析 本句句意為：離婚的男性再婚不需要等候期，女性一定等十個月。明顯前后兩句存在轉折關系，只有 A項while 但是”能夠表達這個意思。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections ： Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark y

21、our answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to em

22、ploy ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “ incite excessive thinness ” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That s a start. And the b

23、an on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their i

24、ndividual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wa

25、sp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000fine and six month

26、s in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcemen

27、t.In contrast to France s actions, Denmark s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:“ We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact thefashion i

28、ndustry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on

29、ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?Physical beauty would be redefined

30、.New runways would be constructed.Websites about dieting would thrive.The fashion industry would decline.【答案】 A Physical beauty would be redefined【分析】 推測題。依據(jù)France 定位到文章前兩段，第一段講法國決準時裝業(yè)失掉了定義( define )形體美( physical beauty )的絕對權利。法國的立法者經(jīng)過了一項法律，聘用超瘦的模特屬于犯法，議會也嚴禁網(wǎng)站經(jīng)過尊崇極端節(jié)食“煽動過分瘦小” 。第二段第二句提到“ They suggest

31、 beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That sa start. 他們建議漂亮不該當以損害身體健康為代價的表面來界定。 ”由此可知， 法國經(jīng)過立 法手段來改變法國時裝業(yè)模特超瘦的現(xiàn)狀，即 A 項的“形體美將會被從頭定義” ，是對原文 內(nèi)容的合理推測。 B 項“將會建筑新的舞臺” ， C 項“有關節(jié)食的網(wǎng)站將會盛行” ， D 項“時 裝業(yè)將會衰敗” ，均不可以從文中推測出來，屬于“惹是生非” 。The phrase “ impinging on ” (Line 2, Para 2) is

32、closest in meaning toheightening the value of.indicating the state of.losing faith in.doing harm to.【答案】 D doing harm to【分析】猜詞題。定位到第二段第二句 “ They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 他們建議漂亮不該當以 身體健康為代價的表面來界 定?！?impinging on 后邊的賓語為“ health ”，即對健康的某種影響。依據(jù)第二段第三句

33、“對 超瘦模特的禁令仿佛不只是是在防備模特受餓致死正如曾有人這么做過的” ，可見法國 當前的對漂亮的定義致使了有人為了保持身材， 受餓致死， 所以推測出這一短語在這里的意思為“入侵，損害”D 項“對 有害”正確。 A 項“加強了 的價值”B 項“反應了， C 項“對 失掉信心”均不切合句意。Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?The French measures have already failed.New standards are being set in Denmark.Model are no longer

34、under peer pressure.Its inherent problems are getting worse.【答案】 B New Standards are being set in Denmark【分析】 細節(jié)題。 依據(jù)第五段第二句話“ In Denmark,.it is trying to set voluntary standardsfor models and fashion. 在丹麥，它正試試為模特設定自發(fā)的標準 ” ，可知 B 項“在丹 麥新的標準正在被設定”是對原文的同義替代。 A 項“法國的舉措失敗了” ； C 項“不再有 來自同行執(zhí)法的壓力” ，文章第五段第二句后

35、半句提到 “ images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement ”，屬于“正反混雜” ； D 項“它固有的問題變得更嚴重了” ，文中第五段只 提實時裝業(yè)有固有的問題，并未說起“變得更嚴重” ，屬于“惹是生非” 。A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for setting a high age threshold for models.caring too much about models character.showing little concern for health

36、 factors.pursuing perfect physical conditions.【答案】 C showing little concern for health factors【分析】推測題。題設為“一個設計師很可能因為何原由被CFW 拒絕”，依據(jù)要點詞CFW 可回到文中定位至倒數(shù)第二段，該段提到丹麥的時髦界就有關模特的年紀、健康及其他特征的內(nèi)容完成一致建議， 且一項新法案也明確規(guī)定， 他們已經(jīng)意識到時髦界對于人們特別是年青人的身體健康所帶來的影響， 并且應當對此肩負責任， 這一法例的履行方式就是拒絕一些設計師和模特經(jīng)紀機構參加哥本哈根時裝周（CFW）。所以C項的“不關懷健康要素”

37、切合題意，為正確答案。D項“追求完滿的身體狀況”，B項的“過多關注模特的性格”，A 項“設定了一個模特高齡門檻” ，均不切合題意。Which of the following may be the best title of the text?The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryJust Another Round of Struggle for BeautyA Dilemma for the Starving Models in FranceA Challenge to the Fashion Industry s Body IdealsD A

38、challenge to the Fashion Industry s Body Ideals本文從首段就開始論述法國經(jīng)過立法嚴禁聘用超瘦的模特，時裝業(yè)已經(jīng)失掉了定義女性身體之美的絕對權利，瘦。第二段連續(xù)說明漂亮不可以只看表面，且議會也嚴禁網(wǎng)站經(jīng)過宣傳過分節(jié)食來重申過分消更不可以以犧牲健康為代價，性的不良信息負責。 第三段說明女性不該讓別人來評判自己的漂亮。多的是依賴嚴苛的處罰。 最后三段提到了丹麥與法國截然相反的舉措。時裝業(yè)應當為傳達給女第四段講法國的舉措更縱觀全文， 文章主要在講各個國家對解決當前模特超瘦的現(xiàn)狀的舉措， 所以 D 項的“對時裝業(yè)身體模范的挑戰(zhàn)”是 對原文的“高度歸納” 。T

39、ext 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping rulin

40、g, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it fol

41、lowed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse

42、 of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartph

43、onemay contain an arrestees reading history,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of cloud computing, meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disrupti

44、ve technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had t

45、o specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.The Supreme Court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate tosearch for suspects mobile phones without a warrant.check suspect

46、s phone contents without being authorized.prevent suspects from deleting their phone hibit suspects from using their mobile phones.The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one oftolerance.indifference.disapproval.cautiousness.The author believes that exploring ones phone conte

47、nt is comparableto A getting into ones residence.handing ones historical records.scanning ones correspondences.going through ones wallet.In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern thatprinciples are hard to be clearly expressed.the court is giving police less room for action.phones are used

48、to store sensitive information.citizens privacy is not effective protected.0.Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)Californias argument violates principles of the Constitut

49、ion.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered. T2答案 B check suspects phone contents without being authorized分析：細節(jié)題。依據(jù)自然段定位原則，定位到首段。依據(jù)題干要點詞 supreme court ， whether 精準定位到第一段最后一句 whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone .，與選項進行對應，即為 B 在不受權的狀況下檢查嫌疑人的電話信息。 注意 A 選項應是 search

50、 contents 。答案 C disapproval分析：態(tài)度題。依據(jù)題干 Californias argument 定位到第二段最后一句及第三段首句，這些句子中提到 hard recklessly modest 等負向詞， 表達的是負面態(tài)度。 看選項屬于負面的就是 disapproval 。 A 容忍， B 冷淡是典型錯誤， D 馬虎。答案 A getting into ones residence分析：細節(jié)題。 題干問： 作者以為搜尋電話薄就相當于什么？依據(jù)段落界定原則定位到第四段轉折處， 提到 But exploring ones smart phone is more like en

51、tering his or her home.與選項對應， A 中的 residence 對應 home ，是原文的贊成替代。注意D 選項不是作者的看法，不能將文中人物看法看作作者看法。答案 D citizens privacy is not effective protected分析：細節(jié)題。依據(jù)題干定位到 5 段和 6 段，題干問作者最關注的是什么， 即是相應段落的段落中心。所以，該題表面是細節(jié)題，實質(zhì)為段落核心。 5 段首句為中心句提到，應采取舉措保護數(shù)據(jù)隱私； 6 段又連續(xù)陳說原則的不適合之處。依據(jù)這些內(nèi)容，對應答案D 市民隱私未能獲取有效保護。答案 B New technology

52、requires reinterpretation of the Constitution分析：例證題。題干問的是引用 Orin Kerr 的目的是什么，即 Orin Kerr 是論據(jù)，其目的是論點。 論點常常在論據(jù)的前面， 所以要找例子前面的一句話， 即 New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutionsprotections. 與選項對應，就是Bnew technology 是原詞復現(xiàn)， require 等同于 demands ， reinterpretation of t

53、he Constitution 同 義替代 applications of the Constitutions protections 。Text 3There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses, ” wrote Milton Friedman, aNobel prize-winning economist, “ That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits. ” But even if

54、you accept Firedman s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms

55、in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses inthree ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “ signal ” that a company s products are of high quality. Second, custome

56、rs may be willing to buy a company s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse“ halo effect, ”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effec

57、ts because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company s products as part of their investigations, they could be inf

58、luenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the len

59、iency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company s record in CSR. “ We estimate that either eliminating a substant

60、ial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials, ” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much busines