中國文化術(shù)語翻譯資料(共20頁)

1、PAGE 1PAGE 22中國文化術(shù)語(shy)翻譯Unit 1焚書坑儒(fn sh kng r)burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive牛郎織女(ni lng zh n)the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver or the Cow Herder and the Weaver Maid封建禮教feudal ethical codes善有善報，惡有惡報Good will be rewarded with good and evil repaid with evil.山海經(jīng)Classics of Mountains and s

2、eas精衛(wèi)填海Jingwei Determines to fill up the seaUnit 2飲食療法diet therapy or food therapy色香味color, aroma and taste美食家gourmet南甜北咸東辣西酸Sweet in the south, salty in the north, sour in the west and spicy in the east.中國四大菜系Grand Four Categories of Chinese Cuisine八大菜系eight main schools of Chinese Cuisine點心Dim Sum

3、鑒別診斷differential diagnosis禮儀之邦land of ceremony and propriety良藥苦口Good medicine tastes bitter.控制陰陽失調(diào)to conterbalance the Yin-yang disequilibriumUnit 3衣食住行clothing, food, shelter and transportation曲裾curving-front robe直裾straight-front robe戰(zhàn)國時期Warring States Period男女授受不親to avoid close contact of the male

4、 and the female唐裝Tang Costume盤扣buttonhole loop玉珮jade ornamentUnit 4道家四象the four Taoist quadrants風(fēng)水先生a geomancer皇陵the imperial mausoleum宗廟或祠堂the ancestral temple天壇the Temple of Heaven塔pagoda莫高窟the Mogao Grottoes天人合一unity of Heaven and man拙政園Humble Administrators Garden盧溝橋的獅子數(shù)不清The lions on the Lugouq

5、iao are uncountable.Unit 5世界遺產(chǎn)名錄(mn l)List of World Heritage金絲猴golden snub-nosed monkey人間仙境Fairy Land on Earth五岳(W Yu)Five Sacred Mountains有眼不識泰山One who fails to recognize a somebody has been compared to a person unable to see Mt.Tai.穩(wěn)如泰山(wn r ti shn)as stable as Mt. Tai會當(dāng)凌絕頂，一覽眾山小Only by ascending

6、Mt. Tai will you find how dwarfish all mountains under heaven are.五岳歸來不看山，黃山歸來不看岳I find it no longer worth my while to look at a mountain after visiting the five sacred mountains. No longer do I find it worth my while to look at the sacred five after returning from Huangshan.四川大熊貓自然保護(hù)區(qū)Sichuan Giant

7、Panda Sanctuaries云南三江并流Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas國家風(fēng)景區(qū)National scenic area桂林山水甲天下The scenery in Guilin is unparalleled in the world( or topped all under heaven)陽朔山水甲桂林The mountains and waters in Yangshuo are even better than those in Guilin.Unit 6烽火臺beacon tower天下第一關(guān)the Worlds F

8、irst Pass故宮the Palace Museum（the Forbidden City）秦始皇陵Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor史記The Historical Records兵馬俑Terra cotta legions釋迦牟尼Sakyamuni（皇帝）登基ascend the throne腐敗無能的政府corrupt and impotent government天圓地方round Heaven and square EarthUnit 7春節(jié)the Spring Festival元宵節(jié)the Lantern Festival清明節(jié)Tomb Swe

9、eping Day or the Clear Bright Festival端午節(jié)the Dragon Boat Festival中秋節(jié)the Mid-Autumn Festival重陽節(jié)the Double Ninth Festival潑水節(jié)Water Sprinkling Festival那達(dá)慕the Nadam Fair火把節(jié)the Torch Festival陰歷the lunar calendar陽歷(yngl) the solar calendar公歷(gngl)Gregorian calendar年糕(ningo)sticky cakes紅包lucky money in litt

10、le red envelopes春聯(lián)spring couplets年畫New Year pictures舞獅Lion Dances閏月an intercalary month年飯the New Year feast元宵 glutinous rice dumplings stuffed with various sweet fillings賽龍舟dragon boat races粽子pyramid-shaped dumplings with glutinous rice吉祥話auspicious messages秋分the autumn equinox月餅moon cake易經(jīng)the Book

11、of Changes登高節(jié)Height Ascending Festival賞菊enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum中國生肖the Chinese zodiac五行the Five Elements算命fortune telling護(hù)身符talismans相手術(shù)palmistry相面face reading皇道吉日之類的almanacs紅色等同于財富Red is synonymous with wealth.火化cremation避邪to avoid epidemies七夕節(jié)the Double Seventh Festival禮輕情意重A gift m

12、ay be insignificant, but it carries tremendous friendshipUnit 8絹花silk flower漆器lacquer wares景泰藍(lán)cloisonn enamel青銅器bronze wares唐三彩the Tang tricolor ceramics盆景bonsai司線戊方鼎Simuwu Quadripod陶器earthenware新石器時代the Neolithic Age刺繡embroidery鐘鼎文inscription甲骨文tortoise shell script青花瓷the blue and white porcelainUn

13、it 9歲寒三友(su hn s yu)three friends of winter君子(jnz)四藝the four skills of a learned scholar to pursue掛軸(guzhu)hanging scroll工筆畫gongbi or meticulous brushwork山水畫landscape painting國粹quintessence of Chinese culture小篆the Small Seal Script隸書the Official Script草書the Cursive Script行書the Running Script楷書the Re

14、gular Script文房四寶four treasures of the study花鳥圖flower and bird painting出淤泥而不染come out of the mire without being snearedUnit 10趙氏孤兒An Orphan of the Zhao Family15貫 Fifteen Strings of Coppers空城計 The Ruse of an Empty City白蛇傳 The Story of a White Snake貴妃醉酒 The Drunken Concubine岳母刺字 Yuefeis Mother Tattooin

15、g His Back打漁殺家 Fishermans Revenge 二進(jìn)宮 Entering the Palace for the Second Time霸王別姬 Farewell My Concubine群英會 Gathering of Heroes烏盆記 The Story of the Black Basin寶蓮燈 The Lotus Lantern智取威虎山 Takeover of Tiger Mountain四大名旦Four Major Dan Roles梵語SanskritUnit 11中醫(yī)TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine)望observation

16、聞auscultation and olfaction問interrogation切pulse feeling and palpation經(jīng)絡(luò)channels or meridian中草藥herbal medicine針灸acupuncture艾灼moxibustion拔罐cupping推拿massage刮痧guasha五行(wxng)相生結(jié)構(gòu)：金水木火土 The Generating cycleMetal produces water, water nourishes wood, wood fuels fire, fire makes earth, earth yields metal.五行

17、(wxng)相克結(jié)構(gòu)：金木土水火 The Regulating CycleMetal can cut wood, wood can contain earth, earth can absorb water, water can extinguish fire, fire can melt metal.Unit 15九歌(ji )Nine Songs木蘭辭the Ballad of Mulan西廂記The West Chamber詩經(jīng)The Book of Songs離騷Lament of Encountering Sorrow or Sorrow after departure孔雀東南飛So

18、utheast the peacock flies全唐詩The complete Anthology of the Tang Dynasty初唐四杰the four preeminent poets of the early Tang Dynasty詩仙the Immortal of Poems詩圣Sage of the Poems山水田園詩人pastoral poets邊塞詩人frontier poets熟讀唐詩三百首，不會作詩也會吟。If you have recited 300 poems of the Tang Dynasty, you will be able to intonate

19、 them even though you can not produce them.婉約派the Soft and Tuneful School (the Delicately restrained school)豪放派the Powerful and Free School (the Heroic and Unrestrained style)三國演義Romance of the Three Kingdoms水滸傳Outlaws of the Marsh（All men are brothers）西游記Journey to the West (Pilgrim to the West)紅樓夢

20、A Dream of Red Mansions聊齋志異Strange Tales of Liaozhai百花齊放，百家爭鳴Let one hundred flowers blossom and one hundred schools of thought contend.春秋時期Spring and Autumn period樂府the Music Bureau詞Lyric Poetry2013年12月全國英語四級必考翻譯（四級改革后關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)文化）1. 對龍圖騰的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年。中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。中國龍的形成與中華民族的

21、多元融合過程同步。在中國人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。 Chinese Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural ce

22、lestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion. 2. 秧歌舞是中國漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動作有力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上(ji shn)看

23、秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了秧歌隊，隊員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康，同時他們也樂在其中。Yangko is one of the tradition folk dances of Han in China. It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Fe

24、stival, Lantern Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is, they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, and the teamers keep their health by

25、dancing Yangko the whole year.3. 長城是人類創(chuàng)造(chungzo)的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城，就像到了巴黎沒有去看看艾菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說：“不到長城非好漢。”實際上，長城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國后才將其連成長城。然而，今天我們看到的長城東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)大部分都是在明代修建的。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China withou

26、t climbing the Great Wall, its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, “He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and

27、did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. 4. Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese peoples favorite traditional dishes. According to

28、an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saintZhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh an

29、d tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. Theres an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follo

30、w the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year. 餃子是深受中國人民喜愛的傳統(tǒng)食品。相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。餃子的制作是包括：1）搟皮、2）備

31、餡、3）包餡水煮三個步驟。其特點是皮薄餡嫩，味道鮮美，形狀獨特，百食不厭。民間(mnjin)有“好吃不過餃子”的俗語。中國人接親待客、逢年過節(jié)都有包餃子吃的習(xí)俗，寓意吉利。對崇尚親情的中國人來說，“更歲交子”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內(nèi)容。 5. Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of a

32、cupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the bodys yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupu

33、ncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patients body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patients acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread al

34、l over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.” 針灸是中醫(yī)(zhngy)學(xué)的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，針灸療法主要是通過疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來達(dá)到陰陽歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其

35、特點是“內(nèi)病外治”。主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪说难ㄎ唬赃_(dá)到刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)、治療病痛的目的。針灸以其獨特的優(yōu)勢，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽為中國的“新四大國粹”。6. Chinese kung fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defense

36、in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skills and tricks. The core idea of Chinese kung fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing ones spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Ch

37、inese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons na

38、med by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tom

39、ahawks, kooks, prongs and so on. 中國功夫即中國武術(shù)，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運動之中的中國傳統(tǒng)體育項目，承載著豐富的中國民族傳統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說，同時兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長、流派(lipi)林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊含著先哲們對生命和宇宙的參悟。后世所稱十八般武藝，主要指：徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。 Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can be traced back to ancient times. It is a gem of

40、Chinese traditional culture. As we all know, the fine culture of a nation does not belong to the nation alone and it will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity. The Chinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation (IWUF) have been working very hard to popularize w

41、ushu and make the Chinese martial art closer to the Olympic Movement. Wushu was accepted to join bowling and international standard dance as an Olympic demonstration event. The booming of wushu is attributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrant Chinese wushu masters over

42、the years. Martial artists of the older generations have sown wushu seeds in foreign countries. Wushu, which can be used as self defense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soon became popular on new lands. Today superb wushu masters are active all over the world, and amateurs are on the incr

43、ease with each passing day.武術(shù)在我國源遠(yuǎn)流長，是中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化的瑰寶。我們知道(zh do)，一個民族的優(yōu)秀文化遺產(chǎn)，不僅僅屬于一個民族，它會逐漸傳播到世界而成為人類的共同財富。為了更好的推廣武術(shù)運動，使其與奧運項目接軌，中國武協(xié)和國際武聯(lián)做了大量的艱苦卓絕的工作?，F(xiàn)在武術(shù)運動已被列為一種具有與保齡球運動和國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)舞同等地位的奧運表演項目。武術(shù)的蓬勃發(fā)展，除得益于其項目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武術(shù)大師功不可沒。老一代武術(shù)家在海外播種下了武術(shù)的種子，使武術(shù)這門既可以自衛(wèi)又可以健身的運動很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武術(shù)大師已遍布世界各地，武術(shù)愛好

44、者也與日俱增。7. Chinese characters Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, w

45、hich was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, curs

46、ive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “ (the horizontal stroke) “” (the vertical stroke), “”( the left-f

47、alling stroke), “” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke). 漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡單圖畫，經(jīng)過不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意、韻的獨特文字。現(xiàn)存(xincn)中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“外圓內(nèi)方”，源于古人“天圓地方”的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。 8. Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopstick

48、s is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, pok

49、ing, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and

50、 fork or ones own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization. 中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨樹一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年。筷子古時稱為箸，它看似簡單，但卻同時具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功能。中國民間視筷子為吉祥(jxing)之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻

51、為快生貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成雙結(jié)對的筷子含有“和為貴”的意蘊。西方人贊譽筷子是古老的東方文明。 9. Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient

52、 China were called xi, yin, bao, zhang, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into

53、the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of Chinas unique artworks. 印章就是圖章。中國歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不同的稱

54、謂，而帝王所用的印章古時稱璽、印、寶、章等。據(jù)史料記載，印章在戰(zhàn)國時代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆隸等字體、圖像用陰、陽的形式雕刻而成，形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色鈐蓋，除日常應(yīng)用外，又多用于書畫題識，逐漸成為中國特有的藝術(shù)形式之一。 10. Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren,

55、gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi, chou, yin, mao, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always waxes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems an

56、d the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. According to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 i

57、s the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”. 天干地支是中國歷法中用以記錄和命名年歲的方法。十天干為：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支為：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人觀測朔望月，發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮圓缺12次大體上是一年的天數(shù)，而兩個朔望月約是60天。古人以十天干與十二地支的順序依次相配，記錄不同年份，60年為一個輪回。干支紀(jì)年法從古沿用至今。按干支紀(jì)年法，2011年便是辛卯年。11. Chinese Bei

58、jing Opera Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in

59、China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing artssong, speech, performance, acrobatics fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng (male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), a

60、nd chou (clown, male or female). 京劇被譽為“東方歌劇”， 是地道的中國國粹。它起源于中國多種古老的地方戲劇，特別是南方的“徽班”。到了19世紀(jì)末，京劇形成并成為中國最大的戲曲劇種。京劇是綜合性表演藝術(shù)，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體，通過程式化的表演手段，敘述故事，刻畫人物(rnw)。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、凈（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當(dāng)。 12. Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi,