人教版高中英語必修一Unit1語法知識(shí)

1、GrammarDirectandIndirectSpeechI直接引語和間接引語(I)直接引語(directspeech):直接引用別人的話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。間接引語(indirectspeech):用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述f陳述句Shesaid,“ImgoingtoBeijing.”ShesaidthatshewasgoingtoBeijing.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問f一般疑問句Heasked,“Areyouadoctor?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問題f特殊疑問句Sheasked,“Whatareyoudoing?”Sheaskedme

2、whatIwasdoing.直接引語變成間接引語,句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化陳述句用連詞that引導(dǎo),that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞可直接用引語中的said,也可用told來代替,注意,可以說saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接說toldthat。Hesaid,“IhavebeentoJapan.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentoJapan.Shesaid,“Illgiveyouanexamtomorrow.”Shetoldusthatshewouldgiveusanexamtomorrow.陳述句解題步驟：“Idontlikecompu

3、ters,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthat(Idontlikecomputers.)T*ShedidntSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.一般疑問句間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動(dòng)詞said要改為asked(me/him/us等),語序是陳述句的語序Tomsaid,“DoyouhaveanydifficultywithEnglish?”Tomasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithEnglish.Hesaid,

4、“YouareinterestedinEnglish,arentyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.一般疑問句解題步驟：Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.Theyaskedhimif(itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.)AskediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.特殊疑問

5、句原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用ask(sb.)來表達(dá)，語序改為陳述句語序。Hesaidtome,“Whereareyoufrom?”HeaskedmewhereIwasfrom.Heaskedus,“Howmanyfactoriesarethereinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanyfactoriestherewereinourcountry.特殊疑問句解題步驟：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheat(youharvestthewheat.)

6、1111L_fhe4HarvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.選擇疑問句用whethewor表達(dá)(不用if/eithewor)Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorChinese?”Heaskedmewhether丨spokeEnglishorChinese.Iasked,“Willyoutakeabusoronfoot?”丨askedhimwhetherhewouldtakeabusoronfoot.謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化需要注意幾點(diǎn)：直接引語表述的是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。Thegeographyteachersaid

7、,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.如果直接引語所表述的內(nèi)容在目前和說話時(shí)同樣有效，變間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)可不變。Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”Thechildrentoldusthattheylovethatgame.主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，在引述時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Shesays,“丨llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.Shesaysthatshellne

8、verforgetthedaysinthecountry.DriectIndirectspeechspeechstatementsay/tellsb.(that)+從句Sentence一般疑ask/wonderwhether/if+陳述句語struc問句序ture特殊疑問句ask/wonderwh-word+陳述句語序在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)需要注意的變化注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化注意人稱和指示代詞變化注意時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的變化注意個(gè)別趨向動(dòng)詞的變化DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechPronouns第一人稱第三人稱W&換弟一人礫第一或第三人稱thisthatthesethoseHesaidheplaysfootballplayedfootballisplayingwasplayinghasplayedhadplayedplayedhadplayedwillplaywouldplayhadplayedhadplayedAttention:Therearesomecasesinwhichwedontneedtochanget