中級(jí)口譯翻譯概述

1、翻譯概述 11. Whats translation?2. Whats the translating process?3. Whats the standards for translation?4. What do you learn from this course?2Unit 1 America: the Land and the People 1. main points to learn;2. exercises.3譯例1. The United States is a varied landof forests deserts, mountains, high flat land

2、s and fertile plains.原譯：美國(guó)是一個(gè)地形多樣的國(guó)家有森林、沙漠、山脈、平坦的高地和肥沃的平原。改譯：美國(guó)地形多樣有森林、沙漠、高山、平坦的高地及肥沃的平原。 4Comment:(1) 譯文的簡(jiǎn)潔;(2) 修飾語(yǔ)位置的差異。5練習(xí)1：試評(píng)下列譯文，并進(jìn)行修改。a. Her cheeks were loose and flabby. 她的雙頰肌肉松弛而不結(jié)實(shí)。b. If you turn to the left, you will find our institute at a distance. 如果你向左轉(zhuǎn)彎，你就可以遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)看到我們學(xué)校。c. We took off and

3、 flew over the city and slowly gained height. 我們起飛了并且飛過(guò)城市并且慢慢飛高。d. They are prepared to take the initiative, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. 他們做事會(huì)采取主動(dòng)，即使這樣做要冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也在所不惜。他們有勇氣，不會(huì)輕易屈服。e. Those who wish may become private patients, paying for their medi

4、cal treatment. 如果愿意，可以成為私人病人，自己支付醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。 62. Almost every kind of climate may be found, but the country lies mostly in the temperate zone.原譯：境內(nèi)有各種氣候，但是美國(guó)的大部分處在溫帶。改譯：人們?cè)诿绹?guó)幾乎可以找到任何一種氣候類型，但該國(guó)主要位于溫帶地區(qū)。 7Comment:(1) 語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)2：改譯下列各句，注意語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。Americans are considered sentimental (多愁善感).What we say here will n

5、ot be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world.She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.It is considered that bioclimatology is an involv

6、ed subject. 83. The continental United States stretches 4,500 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west.原譯：美國(guó)大陸東起大西洋，西至太平洋，橫跨4500公里。改譯：美國(guó)大陸東起大西洋，西至太平洋，綿延4500公里。 9Comment:選詞: 褒義詞、貶義詞、確切意義、香港回歸祖國(guó)When Hong Kong reverted to Chinese rule July 1, women living in the f

7、ormer British colony continued to decide for themselves howmany children they will have. In mainland China, meanwhile, the government continued to decide for them.10be blinded by the gain of success 因獲得成功而利令智昏評(píng)： “利令智昏”意思是：貪圖私利使頭腦發(fā)昏，喪失理智。其英文應(yīng)該是be blinded by greed。英語(yǔ)原文是說(shuō)：因?yàn)楂@得成功而不辨事實(shí)，與“貪圖私利”沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系。試譯：讓

8、成功沖昏了頭腦/遮住了雙眼11例1：The father is strict with his children and they have to toe the line. 父親對(duì)孩子們很?chē)?yán)格，他們必須言聽(tīng)計(jì)從?！把月?tīng)計(jì)從”是“說(shuō)的話，出的主意，都聽(tīng)從照辦，形容對(duì)某人非常信任”（現(xiàn)漢5：1565），其意在信任。此句中 toe the line 是指to do what other people say you should do, whether you agree with them or not，含”必須“、”被迫“做某事的意思，與”信任某人而做某事“沒(méi)有任何關(guān)聯(lián)。試譯：父親對(duì)孩子們很?chē)?yán)

9、格，他們必須嚴(yán)守規(guī)矩。12例2：He is always in (great) force and full of gossip. 他總是精神抖擻，滿肚子的街談巷議?！敖终勏镒h”是“大街小巷里人們的談?wù)摗保ìF(xiàn)漢：695），不帶貶義，如：臺(tái)灣南部地震波及江西成為民眾街談巷議話題?！翱撮_(kāi)幕式了嗎”、“你看開(kāi)幕式怎樣”一時(shí)代替了清早的“招呼”，簡(jiǎn)直成為開(kāi)幕式后第一天人們的“見(jiàn)面禮”；盡管有陳?ài)葡紛Z得首枚金牌的喜訊，但直到晚上，對(duì)開(kāi)幕式的評(píng)價(jià)仍然是人們街談巷議的熱門(mén)話題。 13原句中的gossip是converation or information about other peoples behav

10、ior and private lives, often including unkind or untrue remarks，是一個(gè)貶義詞，一般譯為 “流言飛語(yǔ)”（沒(méi)有根據(jù)的話，多指背后議論、污蔑或挑撥的話）。試譯：他總是精神抖擻，滿肚子的流言蜚語(yǔ)。144Then, for hundreds of kilometers it crosses the fertile fields of the farm belt of the great Middle West.原譯：接著在大中西部農(nóng)業(yè)地帶綿延數(shù)百公里的肥沃田野的上空飛行。改譯：在接下來(lái)的數(shù)百公里之內(nèi)，飛機(jī)飛翔在廣袤無(wú)垠的中西部地區(qū)肥沃的農(nóng)業(yè)

11、帶上空。 15Comment:(1) 術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯錯(cuò)誤；(2) 得意忘形。16練習(xí)4：下列譯文因“形”損“意”，試進(jìn)行修改。a. The economic system of the United States is principally privately owned. 美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制主要是私有的。b. The State pays to the mother a small weekly sum for each child in a family. 國(guó)家按照家庭中的每一個(gè)孩子每周給母親少量津貼。c. Many automobiles were being built by hand at

12、the turn of the century and were much too expensive for all but the wealthy. 在20世紀(jì)初，許多汽車(chē)是手工制造的，對(duì)于除富人以外的所有其他人來(lái)說(shuō)，其價(jià)格實(shí)在太貴。d. One is invited to dinner at the home of a middle-aged couple. 一個(gè)人被邀請(qǐng)去一位中年夫妻的家中吃飯。e. Chinese hear different things in what is said. 中國(guó)人能從所說(shuō)的話里聽(tīng)出不同的意思。 175. Continuing into the Wes

13、t, the plane flies over vast prairies and rough cattle-grazing country.原譯：飛機(jī)繼續(xù)往西飛行，越過(guò)遼闊的大草原和坎坷起伏的牧場(chǎng)。改譯：飛機(jī)繼續(xù)向西飛行，飛越了遼闊的大草原和坎坷起伏的鄉(xiāng)野地帶，那里放牧著牛群。 18Comment: 化詞為句He sank into a protesting chair. 他一屁股坐在椅子上，壓得椅子吱吱作響。 Eight years ago they (a black woman and a white man) were married. They have survived their

14、 families shock and disapproval and the stares and unwelcome comments of strangers.這對(duì)黑白夫婦是八年前結(jié)的婚。對(duì)此，雙方家庭都曾十分震驚，而且都不贊成這樁婚事，陌生人總以驚異的眼光打量他倆，還說(shuō)些很刺耳的話。所有這一切他倆都挺過(guò)來(lái)了。 19So I swam, perhaps because of the long absence of foreigners in Sichuan, before an undeservedly large and enthusaistic audience.20They (th

15、e “Bill of Rights”) include provisions for freedom of speech, of the press and of worship; the right of citizens to meet peacefully; the right to be secure in ones own home against unreasonable searches and seizure of persons or property; and the right of any person charged with breaking the law to

16、have a speedy trial by a jury of fellow citizens. 人權(quán)法案包括下列條款：公民享有言論自由、新聞自由和信仰自由，公民有和平集會(huì)的權(quán)利，有在自己家中享有安全、不受無(wú)理搜查、逮捕和沒(méi)收財(cái)產(chǎn)的權(quán)利，任何被控違法者享有由本市市民所組成的陪審團(tuán)進(jìn)行及時(shí)審理的權(quán)利。 21練習(xí)：練習(xí)10：運(yùn)用化詞為句法，改譯下列各句。Law enforcement (司法部門(mén)) cannot responsibly stand aloof.American prisoners are permitted to write censored letters.Jordan can

17、not politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference.That is a NATO matter and any comment on it should appropriately come from NATO.It was a pleasant uneventful journey.22Fords five dollars a day (to his men) caused not only a wage explosion in the city, but a population ex

18、plosion.The presidents quick recovery from illness is a heavy blow to his political opponents.The little chaps good-natured honest face won his way for him.His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.The number of the young people in the United Stat

19、es who cant read is incredible about one in four.His father is a vigorous 80. 236. After crossing these high ranges, the plane can almost glide down into the rich valleys of California and, finally, to a landing not far from the beaches of the Pacific Ocean.譯文：飛機(jī)飛越這些崇山峻嶺后，幾乎可以從空中滑翔進(jìn)入加利福尼亞富饒的谷地，最后，降落

20、在距太平洋海灘不遠(yuǎn)的機(jī)場(chǎng)。評(píng)論：本句的翻譯體現(xiàn)了一個(gè)原則：英語(yǔ)中的介詞（或介詞短語(yǔ)）往往會(huì)譯為漢語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞。例如：“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.“來(lái)啦！”她蹦著跳著跑了，越過(guò)草地，跑上小徑，跨上臺(tái)階，穿過(guò)涼臺(tái)，進(jìn)了門(mén)廊。 24練習(xí)6：改譯下列各句，注意介詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。We are all against her proposal.She laughed in spite of herself.The United

21、States is a federal union of 50 states.They worked long hours on meager food, in cold rooms, by dim lamps. 257. The United States has long been known as a “melting pot”, because many of its people are descended from settlers who came from all over the world to make their homes in the new land.譯文：美國(guó)歷

22、來(lái)以“大熔爐”而著稱，因?yàn)楹芏嗝绹?guó)人是移民的后裔，這些移民來(lái)自世界各地，在這塊新的土地上安家落戶。 26Comment:定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯27練習(xí)7：改譯下列句子，注意定語(yǔ)從句的處理。This is the soldier who just returned from the front.Those who sacrifice themselves for the peoples cause are the real heroes of history.I knew my sister would tell my mother, who would probably tell my father.

23、E-commerce is a challenging and dynamic area where change, growth and innovation are the norm.Scientists have been devoted to developing high-yield rice varieties that sparked the green revolution in the 1970s.28Cambridge University has nurtured great scientists, thinkers and poets such as Newton, B

24、acon, Milton, Byron and Darwin, who made outstanding contribution to the progress of mankind.The people believe that the government should provide a framework of law and order in which they are left free to run their own lives.The Constitution divides the powers of the government into three branches

25、the Executive, headed by the President; the Legislative, which includes both houses of Congress (the Senate and the House of Representatives); and the Judicial, which is headed by the Supreme Court. 298. Attracted by reports of great economic opportunities and religious and political freedom, immigr

26、ants from many other countries flocked to the United States in increasing numbers, reaching a peak in the years 1880-1914.原譯：許多其他國(guó)家的人聽(tīng)說(shuō)在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)上有很大的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，還有宗教自由和政治自由，于是紛紛涌入美國(guó)，移民人數(shù)越來(lái)越多，1880年至1914年達(dá)到了頂峰。改譯：據(jù)報(bào)道，美國(guó)有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)遇，人民享有宗教和政治自由。受到這些報(bào)道的吸引，很多國(guó)家的人紛紛涌入美國(guó)，數(shù)量不斷增加，1880至1914年間達(dá)到了一個(gè)高峰。 30Comment:(1) 順序調(diào)整；(2)

27、化詞為句。I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointed to a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on.我雇了一頭騾子，郵差權(quán)充向?qū)ВT了一整天，然后他遙指著河那邊的一幢木屋。我給他錢(qián)，他黯然拒絕，徑自騎騾走了。 31練習(xí)8：翻譯下列句子，注意各句中的動(dòng)作性詞語(yǔ)。The average American gets a good d

28、eal of pleasure out of telling others about his or her projects, exhibiting them for the neighbors, or taking them to the county fair, where they will surely win a prize.Though ethnic minorities make up less than 10% of the resident population, Britain is one of the easiest countries to enter, despite its insistence on maintaining border controls within the EU.Battered by an almost daily torrent of worrisome reports about the hazards of