《實用會計英語》教學課件

1、書名：實用會計英語（第2版）ISBN： 978-7-111-45346-8作者：郭梅出版社：機械工業(yè)出版社本書配有電子課件第1頁，共60頁。實用會計英語（第二版）主編：郭梅 郭麗芳第2頁，共60頁。Unit 1 General Introduction to Accounting第3頁，共60頁。Study Objective Explain what accounting is.Explain the history of accounting. Identify users and uses of accounting.Explain the accounting assumption.U

2、nderstand the accounting working principles.第4頁，共60頁。Do you know why does the accountant know the exact number of the sheep?How does the shepherd know the accountants job? What is accounting?Feature Story第5頁，共60頁。1.1 Origin and Development of Accounting Function of accounting Ancient Accounting Acco

3、unting in Modern Times 第6頁，共60頁。Accounting is a basic and vital element in every modern business. Accounting links decision makers with economic activities and (with) the results of their decisions. Function of accounting第7頁，共60頁。4000 B.C.Babylonians were big on recording things in detailed accounts

4、 .Ancient Accounting第8頁，共60頁。Luca Pacioli published first textbook describing a comprehensive double-entry bookkeeping system.4000 B.C.1494Ancient Accounting第9頁，共60頁。The first known English book on the science of accounting was published .A profitable Instrument to learn to know the order of the boo

5、kkeeping records, called Debit and Credit .4000 B.C.14941543Ancient Accounting第10頁，共60頁。A book complete treatise on accounting science was published, named The Merchants Mirror.4000 B.C.149415431635Ancient Accounting第11頁，共60頁。The specialized field of cost accounting emerged to meet the need for the

6、analysis of various costs and for recording techniques.4000 B.C.1494154316351900sAccounting in Modern Times第12頁，共60頁。Accounting is in an age of rapid transition.4000 B.C.1494154316351900s2000sAccounting is moving away from its traditional procedural base towards a role which emphasizes its social im

7、portance.Accounting in Modern Times第13頁，共60頁。1. Sole Proprietorship Enterprises 2. General Partnership Enterprises 3. Limited Liability Partnership Enterprises 4.Corporation Limited Accounting Entity1.2 Accounting Entity第14頁，共60頁。Owned by one personSimple to establishOwner controlledTax advantagesSo

8、le Proprietorship Enterprises第15頁，共60頁。Owned by more than one personSimple to establishShared controlBroader skills and resourcesTax advantagesGeneral Partnership Enterprises第16頁，共60頁。Limited Liability Partnership EnterprisesOnly for certain occupations Limited liability for partnership debts and ob

9、ligations Also a limitation on participation in management 第17頁，共60頁。Organized as a separate legal entity and owned by stockholdersEasy to transfer ownershipEasier to raise fundsNo personal liabilityCorporation第18頁，共60頁。 1.3 Accounting AssumptionsAccounting Entity AssumptionGoing Concern AssumptionM

10、oney Measurement AssumptionAccounting Period Assumption第19頁，共60頁。Accounting Entity Assumption 第20頁，共60頁。Going Concern Assumption 第21頁，共60頁。Money Measurement Assumption 第22頁，共60頁。Accounting Period Assumption 第23頁，共60頁。Quality Requirements of Accounting Information The Objectivity Principle The Compar

11、able Principle The Pertinence Principle The Timeliness Principle第24頁，共60頁。Quality Requirements of Accounting Information5. The Full Disclosure Principle6. The Prudence Principle 7. The Materiality Principle8. The Realization Principle第25頁，共60頁。Accounting is basic and vital in modern business. The bo

12、okkeeping method is used to make financial record of business transactions and prepare statements concerning assets, liabilities and operating results of a business.3. The most fundamental concepts for recording business are accounting assumptions and quality requirements of accounting information.2

13、. Every accounting entity is going in for the economic activities expressed in currency.Brief Summary第26頁，共60頁。Unit 2 Accounting Equation and Double-entry第27頁，共60頁。Study Objective Describe the chart of accounts and recognize commonly used accounts.Define double-entry system and state the rules for d

14、ouble entry.State all the steps in the accounting cycle.Apply the steps for transaction analysis and processing to simple transactions.第28頁，共60頁。 Why does the accountant mark the drawers with DEBIT and CREDIT?What is the meaning of that? Feature Story第29頁，共60頁。 What is Chart of Account Title ?Chart

15、of Account TitleWhat are the types of accounts ?2.1 Accounting Title and Accounts第30頁，共60頁。What is Chart of Account Title ? A chart of account title is simply a list of your accounts and is kept by every business to record and follow specific entries. 第31頁，共60頁。Chart of Account Title There are two p

16、arts in the chart of account title. One is account numbers, the other is account titles. AccountnumbersAccount Title1001Cash1002Cash in bank100201Cash in bank Agricultural Bank of China第32頁，共60頁。What is an Account ? An account is the basic storage unit for data in accounting for business transaction

17、s. There are separate accounts for the items we used in transactions such as cash, salaries expense, accounts payable, etc.第33頁，共60頁。Three parts : 1) the Title of the account 2) a left or Debit side 3) a right or Credit sideThe alignment of these parts resembles the letter T = T accountTITLEDEBITCRE

18、DITWhat is an Account ?第34頁，共60頁。If the greater sum is on the left, the account has a Debit Balance.Total DebitsTotal CreditsTITLEDebitCreditTotal the Entries to Each Side第35頁，共60頁。If the greater sum is on the right, the account has a Credit Balance.Total DebitsTotal CreditsTITLEDebitCreditTotal the

19、 Entries to Each Side第36頁，共60頁。What are the Types of Accounts ?General Ledger Accounts The general ledger is a summary of all of the transactions that occur in the company. 第37頁，共60頁。What are the Types of Accounts ?Subsidiary Ledger Accounts Each subsidiary ledger account (SL) is identified with a g

20、eneral ledger account (GL) through use of an attribute known as the account number. There are two possible types of GL/SL relationships. One GL to One SLOne GL to Many SLs第38頁，共60頁。2.2 Accounting Elements and Accounting EquationAccounting ElementsAccounting Equation第39頁，共60頁。Accounting Elements Acco

21、unting elements are a basic classification of accounting objectives, and embody the object of accounting practices. 第40頁，共60頁。Accounting ElementsLiabilities Owners Equity Revenue Profit Accounting ElementsAssets Expenses 第41頁，共60頁。Accounting Elements Assets Assets are resources owned by a business.

22、They are used in carrying out such activities as production, consumption and exchange.第42頁，共60頁。Accounting ElementsLiabilities Liabilities are creditor claims against assets. Liabilities are existing debts and obligations.第43頁，共60頁。Accounting ElementsOwners Equity Owners Equity refers to the interes

23、t of the investors remaining in the net assets of an enterprise.Revenue Revenue refers to the financial inflows to an enterprise as a result of the sale of goods and services, and other business activities of the enterprise. 第44頁，共60頁。Accounting Elements Expenses Expenses refer to the outlays incurr

24、ed by an enterprise in the course of production and operation. Profit Profit is the operating results of an enterprise in an accounting period. 第45頁，共60頁。 Accounting Equation Assets = Liabilities + Owners Equity A = L + OEequal debits and credits made accounts for each transaction total debits alway

25、s equal the total creditsaccounting equation always stays in balance第46頁，共60頁。 Accounting EquationAssets = Liabilities + Owners Equitybeg + (Revenue Expenses) Assets + Expenses = Liabilities + Owners Equitybeg + RevenueAssets = Liabilities + Owners Equity第47頁，共60頁。2.3 Double EntryDefinition of Doubl

26、e-Entry AccountingRules of Double-Entry Accounting第48頁，共60頁。 Double entry book keeping is a method of recording transactions, which allows a check on accuracy of the recording.Definition of Double-Entry Accounting第49頁，共60頁。Rules of Double-Entry AccountingRule 1. The duality rule Rule 2. The directio

27、nal ruleRule 3. Debit is on the left and credit is on the right 第50頁，共60頁。AssetExpenseDebitDebitRevenueLiabilityEquityCreditCreditCreditNormal balance in accountRule 1. The duality ruleDebit is on the left and credit is on the right第51頁，共60頁。DebitsIncrease assets and expenses Decrease liabilities, O

28、wners Equity and revenuesRule 2. The directional rule第52頁，共60頁。Decrease assets and expensesIncrease liabilities, Owners Equity and revenues CreditsRule 2. The directional rule第53頁，共60頁。Rule 3. Debit is on the left and credit is on the right There is at least one debit and one credit for each transac

29、tion.第54頁，共60頁。2.4 Accounting CycleWhat is the accounting cycle?Accounting Cycle Steps第55頁，共60頁。What is the accounting cycle? The accounting process is a series of activities that begins with a transaction and ends with the closing of the books. This process is repeated each reporting period, so it

30、is referred to as the accounting cycle. 第56頁，共60頁。Accounting Cycle StepsStep 1: Transactions are analyzed on original vouchers and are recorded in recording vouchers. Step 2: Information is transferred from the recording vouchers to the subsidiary ledger accounts. Step 3:Prepare a trial balance from the account balance in the subsidiary ledger.第57頁，共60頁。Accounting Cycle StepsStep 4: Information is transferred from the subsidiary ledger accounts to the general l