英語句子成分以及練習(xí)PPT

1、關(guān)于英語句子成分及練習(xí)PPT第一張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語和插入語。第二張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二）主語：主語 (Subject) 表示句子說的是什么人或什么事. 是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：第三張，PPT共四

2、十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞

3、）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）第四張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主語從句）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）第五張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（三）謂語 謂語 (Predicate) 說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如： He p

4、ractices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.第六張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（三）謂語 2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞構(gòu)成。如： Do you speak English？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如： We are students.注意：謂語與

5、主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。第七張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（四）表語 表語(Predicative)用以說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、 副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如： 第八張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）2.Is it yours?（代詞）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容詞

6、）4.The speech is exciting.（分詞）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）第九張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介詞短語）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）第十張，PP

7、T共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如： He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting.3）表像系動(dòng)詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He seems (to be) very sad.第十一張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022

8、年6月注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。4）感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：The river was beginning to run dry. 6）終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)結(jié)果是;證明是 ，之意，例如：The rumor proved

9、 false. His plan turned out a success.第十二張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（五）賓語 賓語（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名詞）（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）第十三張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4.They helped

10、 the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動(dòng)名詞短語）（賓語從句）第十四張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promis

11、e, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如： He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor.第十五張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語 ask, agree, care,

12、choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如： He refused to lend me his bike.第十六張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語 admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, s

13、uggest等，如： John has admitted breaking the window .第十七張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。forget to do表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，forget doing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(還沒來)I forgot returning the book to him.(書已還給他了)第十八張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6

14、月（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語 賓語補(bǔ)足語（Object Complement），用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等?！百e補(bǔ)”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：第十九張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.His father named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force hi

15、m to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語）（從句）第二十張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（七）定語 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。定語可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）2

16、.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名詞）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）第二十一張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）6.The teaching plan for next term has

17、 been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class. (定語從句)第二十二張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（八）狀語 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（Adverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎?：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He i

18、s proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）第二十三張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must continue.（分詞短語）（名詞）（狀語從句）第二十四張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月9種狀語種類如下： 1. How about meeting again at six?2.Last ni

19、ght she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時(shí)間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點(diǎn)狀語）（方式狀語）第二十五張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch

20、up with the others, I must work harder. 7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（結(jié)果狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語）第二十六張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 （九）同位語（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.（

21、十）插入語（Parenthesis）對(duì)一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如：To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.第二十七張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful

22、Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial第二十八張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave f

23、or Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.第二十九張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月14. Do you have

24、 anything else to say?15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.Adv

25、erbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative第三十張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月劃分句子成分1.we are working .2.I can swim very well .3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me .4.Why does the wind blow .5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day .6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music .7.Jim asked you to

26、 give his best wishes to everyone .8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow .第三十一張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月9.I have a lot of clothes to wash . I have a lot of clothes to be washed .10.He gave his son some advice on reading .11.Read me the first paragraph .12.Ive ordered some soup for you .13.He began lea

27、ning English ten years ago .14.My being late worried my teacher .15.That president himself would visit our school excited all of us .16.April Day is the special day of the year when you play a joke on someone .第三十二張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月17.He usually takes a nap after lunch ,as is his habit .18.I foun

28、d the book in the corner of the room.19.he finished lunch and went into the garden .20.The telephone rang .21.We study hard .22.His father might have died .23.Will you leave the door open when going out .24.Can you make the dog stand still ?第三十三張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月25.The landlord had them working d

29、ay and night .26.I think a sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing .27.We all breathe ,eat, drink .28.I woke up at 6:00 in the morning .29.The book weighs five kilos .30.They will be flying to London .31.The shop assistant found some certain materials for me .32.He promised me a new

30、English-Chinese dictionary.第三十四張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月33.Please pass a newly- published magazine to me .34.He lived in Guang Zhou .35.The father is showing the boy how to plant trees .36.His uncle left him some money .37.She is teaching the piano to several of the village children and she has taught u

31、s English for 3 years .38.I like popular music .39.She knows what to do next .40.It excited all of us that the president would visit our school .第三十五張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語（）、謂語（）、賓語（）：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my

32、Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.

33、 We have a lot of machines on the farm. 第三十六張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the veg

34、etable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.第三十七張，PPT共四十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語（）、狀語（）、補(bǔ)語（）： Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open

35、fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How man