2022年中考英語閱讀熱點-探索外太空

1、Is there life outside of Earth? 地球外存在生命？Scientists have long been looking for life in outer space. They recently found something exciting on Venus (金星), the planet closest to ours. British scientists have discovered phosphine gas (磷化氫) in Venus atmosphere (大氣層). Phosphine is a promising sign of life

2、. On Earth, phosphine is produced when organic (有機的) matter breaks down. The same thing could be happening on Venus. Still, scientists need to send a probe (探頷器) to Venus to see whether life exists there. In fact, Venus has long been ignored in the search for life due to its high temperatures and at

3、mospheric pressure. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system (太陽系)its surface temperature is 470C, which is hot enough to melt spacecraft. The pressure there is 92 times greater than that on Earth. Even if humans could bear the heat, they would be crushed (粉碎) by the pressure. However, its po

4、ssible that life could exist in the planets atmosphere. Temperatures there are about -1C to 93C , which is far more suitable for life. The pressure there is similar to that of Earth as well. The phosphine was found in Venus cloudy atmospherearound 60 kilometres above its surface. Phosphine is known

5、as an indirect sign of life. So are gases like methane and ozone (臭氧). Scientists focus on such signs when they look for life outside of Earth. These gases can exist in the atmospheres of planets for a long time, allowing scientists to find them with the help of telescopes and probes. However, it is

6、 liquid water that is considered to be the most important sign of life. ( ) 1. Which planet is the nearest to Earth?A. The moon.B. The sun.C. Mars. D. Venus. ( ) 2. Where have British scientists discovered phosphine gas?A. In the solar system. B. On the moon. C. In Venus atmosphere. D. In Mars atmos

7、phere. ( ) 3. Why could life exist in Venus atmosphere?A. Because Venus surface temperature is 470幻. B. Because there is phosphine in Venus cloudy atmosphere. C. Because the pressure there is 92 times greater than Earths. D. Because scientists have found them with the help of telescopes and probes.

8、( ) 4. What does the underlined phrase breaks down mean in Chinese in Paragraph 2?A. 分解B. 爆發(fā) C. 故障D. 粉碎Common Myths about space關于太空的常見誤解On the Internet, we can often read interesting “facts” about space. But do you know that some of them are wrong? Perhaps they should be thrown into a black hole!Myt

9、h 1: The sun is yellow. Many people believe the afternoon sun is yellow. However, the light it gives out is white. The earths atmosphere makes the star appear yellow. This effect is called Rayleigh scattering (瑞利散射). It is also what makes the sky appear blue. (The sky is, in fact, as clear as glass.

10、) Myth 2: The asteroid belt (小行星帶) is dangerous. Many movies picture the asteroid belt as a dangerous place. It is crowded with rocks that run into each other. However, these movies are wrong. The asteroid belt is a very lonely area. In fact, if you pulled all the asteroids there together, they woul

11、d only be about four percent of the weight of the moon. Thats why scientists get excited when they happen to see even one asteroid crashing into another. Myth 3: The Great Wall of China is the only man-made structure that can be seen from space. It all depends on where you believe space begins above

12、 the earth. From the International Space Station, you can see the Great Wall and many other structures. From the moon, you cant see any structures, but you may see some city lights. Myth 4: The moon is very close to the earth. Sometimes, the moon looks very close. It seems like you can almost touch

13、it. In fact, the moon is about 385, 000 kilometres away from the earth. If you take a Boeing 747 and fly to the moon at full speed, the journey will take about 17 days!1. What is the authors purpose in writing this article?_2. What colour does Rayleigh scattering which makes the sun appear yellow ma

14、ke our sky appear?_3. According to the article, why do scientists get excited when they happen to see even one asteroid crashing into another?_4. According to the author, what man-made structures can we see from the moon?_5. There may be many wrong “facts” on the Internet. In your opinion, how can w

15、e prevent ourselves from becoming misinformed by these wrong “facts”? (List at least two points.) _Never stop exploring Mars火星探索從未停止Many countries, including the US, Russia, Japan, India and some European countries have launched (發(fā)射) their own Mars probes (探測器). Today, eight of them are still workin

16、g in space. The exploration of Mars goes on and on.In 1962, the former Soviet Union launched Mars 1. But the probe lost its connection when it flew 100 million kilometres away from Earth. Although the mission failed, it was one of the first Mars missions in history. In 1964, NASAs Mariner 4 flew pas

17、t Mars and was the earliest probe to take pictures of the planet. From then on, the US has been the leader in Mars exploration. The country has made the most discoveries on Mars so far. For example, its Mars rover (探測車) Curiosity (2011) is studying whether Mars might be OK for humans to live on. The

18、 rover Insight (2018) detected Martian quakes (震動). These two rovers are still working on Mars. In 2003, the European Space Agency (ESA, 歐洲航天局) launched the Mars Express. The probe is in Mars orbit. It found methane (甲烷) in the atmosphere (大氣) of Mars. In 2014, India launched its Mangalyaan probe in

19、to Mars orbit. It studies the climate and surface of Mars. In 2020, China and the US are both starting new Mars missions. This is Chinas first Mars mission. It is named Tianwen-1. The US will send the rover Perseverance to Mars. Its job is to look for signs (跡象) of life and bring rock and soil sampl

20、es (樣本) back to Earth. In 2022, ESA and Roscosmos (俄羅斯聯(lián)邦航天局) will start the ExoMars mission. A probe will fly to Mars. It will take a few months. It is going to find out if life ever existed on the planet. The US plans to send astronauts (宇航員) to Mars in 2030. ( ) 1. How many Mars probes are still w

21、orking in space?A. 5. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8. ( ) 2. When did the former Soviet Unions probe lose its connection?A. When it was 100 million kilometres away from Mars. B. When it flew 100 million kilometres away from Earth. C. At the very beginning of the mission. D. When it landed on the Mars. ( ) 3. What

22、 does the underlined word “existed” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 7?A. 繁衍 B. 塑造 C. 存在 D. 消失( ) 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. There is methane in the atmosphere of Mars. B. The Mariner 4 was the earliest probe to take pictures of the planet. C. The Mangalyaan probe

23、studies the climate and surface of Mars. D. Curiosity didnt land on the Mars. ( ) 5. What can we infer from the passage?A. There is life on Mars. B. The exploration of Mars will become deeper and deeper. C. The US has been the leader in Mars exploration. D. Astronauts have landed on Mars. Chinas Zhu

24、rong rover returned its first pictures中國“祝融號”探測器傳回第一批照片The Zhurong rover was transported on a long journey to Mars by the Tianwen-I spacecraft which began orbiting the red planet in February.The rover touched down on the surface of the planet before midnight on May 15.2021.It is an important event f

25、or China,as only the US had ever managed to land something on our neighbouring planet before Zhurong.Some other countries have also tried before,but their rovers have either crashed(墜毀)or lost contact after landing, Chinese leader congratulated the mission team on its“outstanding achievement.”Less t

26、han a week after its landing,Zhurong returned its first two pictures.One is a black-and-white photo taken through a fisheye lens(魚眼鏡頭)showing a view of where it landed,The other is in colour,showing a view of the rovers solar panels(太陽能電池板).If things go as planned,Zhurong will spend at least three m

27、onths studying the local environment around it and looking for signs of water ice(水冰)on the Martian surface.“Mars is the most likely planet in our solar system for us to live on in the future.That s why we want to explore it,Ge Jian,a Chinese scientist,said.“Tianwen-!and Zhurong will set the stage f

28、or future Mars missions,including a sample(樣本)return mission set to take place in the2030s,”( )1.When did the Zhurong rover begin orbiting Mars?A.In May.B.In February.C.In2020.D.In2030.( )2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A.The US failed to land something on Mars.B.Many countries managed to land

29、something on Mars.C.Only two countries landed their rovers on Mars.D.All the rovers crashed or lost contact after landing.( )3.Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A.Zhurong has sent two pictures before its landing.B.The pictures that Zhurong sent were all black and white.C.The bl

30、ack-and-white photo showed a view of the rovers solar panels.D.Zhurong showed a view of where it landed through a fisheye lens.( )4.What will Zhurong do on Mars as planned?A.Study the local environment around it.B.Look for signs of water ice on the earth surface.C.Touch down on the surface of the pl

31、anet.D.Begin orbiting the red planet.( )5.What can we know from the last paragraph?A.We will live on Mars in the 2030s.B.Zhurong will continue to explore Mars.C.Tianacen-I has also retumed the pictures on Mars.D.We explore Mars because it is suitable for humans to live on.FAST opens to the world天眼向全

32、球開放Whenever I gaze (凝視) into the night sky, I dream of exploring the things that are hidden behind the black “curtains”. This is especially true after I had read the popular science-fiction novel the Three-Body Problem. So perhaps you can never imagine how excited I felt when I was given the chance

33、to attend a lecture given by Mr Li Di, a chief scientist of Chinas FAST, and afterwards, to be able to interview him. FAST is short for the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (500米口徑球面射電望遠鏡). It is located in Guizhou Province. During the lecture, Mr Li let us know more details abo

34、ut FAST. Through his introduction, I knew that FAST is currently the worlds largest single-dish radio telescope. Mr Li also shared some stories behind the amazing telescope. At first, the budget for the project was very low, so the astronomers (天文學家) who worked on it could hardly afford the machines

35、. Their living conditions were terrible. Despite the great difficulties, the astronomers refused to give up building the telescope. After having learned these stories, I felt even prouder of the telescope. It couldnt have been completed without the hard work of many persistent (不屈不撓的) Chinese scient

36、ists. FAST, the worlds most advanced (先進的) telescope, is now open to researchers all around the world. Astronomers around the world are using it to explore the mysteries behind the black “curtains”. FAST is the pride of the Chinese people. Mr Li told us that China is planning to build many more telescopes like FAST. I hope I can grow up to be a persistent woman and help the construction (建造) of these telesco