初中主謂一致

1、關于初中主謂一致第一張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 有關“主謂一致”的試題，在近幾年的中考英語試題中以多種形式出現(xiàn)。如：單項選擇、單句改錯、短文改錯、同義句轉換、時態(tài)填空等，題型多樣。不少學生對此類試題迷惑不解，望而生畏，不知從何下手。為了使同學們掌握它，現(xiàn)對初中英語中“主謂一致的問題歸納總結如下第二張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一、最基本的主謂一致規(guī)則初中課本中最基本的主謂一致規(guī)則是：單則單，復則復，即主語為單數(shù)時，謂語動詞也用相應的單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)時，謂語動詞也用相應的復數(shù)形式。例如：I am a teacher. We are teachers. 但要注意：當表示

2、時間、長度、距離、金錢、度量等詞組作主語時，常將其看作是一個整體，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：Two years is quite a long time. Ten dollars is enough.另外，加減乘除也常當作整體對待，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。例如：Forty-one plus fifty-nine is one hundred. How much is ninety-nine minus sixty-two?第三張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的使用family, class, team等集體名詞作主語時，若指一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；但

3、若指其成員時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例如：The family is very big. Their family are watching TV now.第四張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、neither. nor., either.or., not.but.，not only. but also.等連詞連接兩個名詞(或代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞要與靠近它的主語一致（即：就近原則）。例如：Neither he nor I know anything about it. Not only the students but also the teacher has visited the

4、 museum. there be結構也屬于此類。例如：There is a teacher,a desk, a blackboard, some desks and some chairs in the classroom.但要注意：bothand表示和都，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式。例如：Both his father and mother are doctors.第五張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月四、兩個主語用and連接時，謂語動詞的使用 and連接兩個名詞(或代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式。例如：Mary and Helen are good friends.但要注意：a

5、nd連接的兩個名詞只表示一個概念時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：A singer and dancer is coming.一個歌手兼舞蹈家就要來了。第六張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月五、politics, physics, works（著作）, the United States, news, maths等詞作主語時，謂語動詞的使用這類形式上為復數(shù)，意義上卻是單數(shù)的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The news is very exciting. Physics is a bit difficult for me.但要注意有些名詞，如：people(人；人們), poli

6、ce等則是形式為單數(shù)，意義是復數(shù)，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。例如：People there are very friendly第七張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月六、不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的使用1.something, everything, anything, nothing, everybody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyone等復合不定代詞，以及either, neither(neither of), each (each of), each one, no one, another,more than one,every等代詞作主語時，謂語動

7、詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Neither of the answers is right. Something is wrong with my computer. 2. both, few, a few, many, several, others作主語，或它們所修飾的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。例如：A few people can live to 100, but few can live to 150. Both of them are in my class. 第八張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月七、with, as well as, like等修飾的單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動

8、詞的使用單數(shù)名詞作主語，且后面有with, as well as, like等修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：1.The teacher with his students has gone to the library. 2.Is the woman like you your mother? 3.The instrument as well as other spare parts is going to be airlifted soon. (該儀器以及其它一些備用件不久將空運。)第九張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月八、動詞不定式(或動詞不定式短語)，V-ing形式以及名詞性從

9、句作主語，謂語動詞的使用動詞不定式(或動詞不定式短語)，V-ing形式以及名詞性從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：1.To eat in a fast food restaurant is cheap and saves time. 2.Climbing hills is good exercise. 3.What interests the workers most is better wages and working conditions. (工人們最關注的是好的工資待遇和工作條件。)第十張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主謂一致正誤辨析同學們在主謂一致問題上經(jīng)常會犯判斷失誤的

10、錯誤，現(xiàn)將有關主謂一致現(xiàn)象的難點歸納如下： 第十一張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一、主語為單數(shù)集體名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)的情況例1警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。誤 The police is searching the city for a thief.正 The police are searching the city for a thief.析 police，people，cattle(牛)等詞雖然形式上是單數(shù)，但意義上卻為復數(shù)，謂語動詞需用復數(shù)形式。例2在我國老人受到很好的照顧。誤 The old is taken good care of in our country.正 The

11、 old are taken good care of in our country.析某些形容詞前加上定冠詞the，如the old，the young，the dead，the rich，the sick等，用以表示一類人時，其意義為復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。第十二張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、主語為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況例1紐約時報是流行于美國各地的報紙。誤 The New York Times are read all over the United States.正 The New York Times is read all over the United S

12、tates.析當表示國家、城市、人名、書名、報紙、雜志及組織機構等的專有名詞作主語時，通常把它們作為整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例2這條褲子是他哥哥的。誤 This pair of trousers are his brothers.正 This pair of trousers is his brothers.析一些由兩個相同部分組成一體的復數(shù)名詞，如trousers，glasses，shoes等，作主語時，若前面有一條、一副、一把之類的單位名詞，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)，不帶單位名詞，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。第十三張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞有時用單數(shù)，有時

13、用復數(shù)的情況例1他家里人正等著他。誤 His family is waiting for him.正 His family are waiting for him.析有些集體名詞，如family，class，group，team，nation，couple等，作主語時，若作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果就其中一個個成員考慮，謂語動詞則用復數(shù)形式。例2我們需要許多食物。誤 Lots of food are needed by us.正 Lots of food is needed by us.析 a lot of / lots of / plenty of+名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)依據(jù)名

14、詞的數(shù)而定。第十四張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月四、并列主語與謂語動詞數(shù)的一致的情況例1那位教師兼作家來參加會議了。誤 The teacher and writer have come to the meeting.正 The teacher and writer has come to the meeting.析由and連接的兩個(或兩個以上)單數(shù)主語，指同一人，同一物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例2每個男孩和女孩都有受教育的權利。誤 Every boy and every girl have the right to education.正 Every boy and ev

15、ery girl has the right to education.析由and連接兩個單數(shù)主語，若前面有every，each等限定時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。第十五張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月例3那時，教授帶著許多學生正在實驗室做實驗。誤 The professor with a number of students were doing experiments in the lab at that time.正 The professor with a number of students was doing experiments in the lab at that time

16、.析主語后跟有as well as，no less than，rather than, but，besides，except，like，with，along with，together with等介詞(短語)時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與介詞(短語)前面的主語的數(shù)相一致。第十六張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月五、幾種特殊結構的主謂語一致例1和這些孩子們交談是一件愉快的事。誤 To tallk with the children are a great pleasure.正 To talk with the children is a great pleasure.析該句是不定式作主語，表示單一概

17、念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例2一切都準備好了，是嗎?誤 Everything are ready，arent they?正 Everything is ready，isnt it?析 everything，something，nothing等作主語時，陳述句部分謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，附加疑問句中謂語動詞和相應代詞都只可用單數(shù)形式。不定代詞everybody，someone, anyone，nobody等作主語時，陳述句部分謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但是，在附加疑問句中謂語動詞與相應代詞多用復數(shù)形式。 第十七張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月鞏固練習1. A woman with a baby_

18、 coming here.A. is B. are 2. The girl as well as the boys _learned to drive a car.A. has B. have 3. Whenever anything_, please stay here quietly.A. happens B. happen 4. Many a man_ the story.A. believe B. believes5. One and a half years_ already passed. A. has B. have 6. Twelve percent of the workers here_ women.A. is B. are 第十八張，PPT共二十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7. His family_ watching