新新編大學(xué)英語book 3 unit 6 in class reading

1、Unit 6 Man and Animals_ aggression in humans and animals What animal do you like best and why? Group workShare your favorite animal and reasons for your choice. Ask one reporter to report in brief all members talking.Test Your Animal KnowledgeText book P241-243Video-Animal GamesWatch the video and a

2、nswer the following questions1. How many animal nations will compete in the Animal Games? Who are they?2. What events will be coming up in the Games? is the potential champion for the 100-meter event?4. Who host the Games? 5. On what equal terms will all the animals be racing?New words;Firefly 螢火蟲Te

3、rrestrial beast 陸棲 動物Cheetah 非洲獵豹Reptile 爬行動物Amphibian 兩棲動物Anima GamesText Study Organization AnalysisDetailed ReadingWord StudyOrganization AnalysisPart I (Para. 1-2) Aggression in animals. Part II (Para. 3-4) Aggression in human beings. Part III (Para. 5) Conclusion: Hostility and aggression shoul

4、d be expressed in constructive activity and non-violent competition.Questions and Answers1) Normally neither of the two animals in a fight will be badly hurt, why?2) Why do animals in zoos often become more aggressive than they would be in the wild? Because the loser will save himself by making a ge

5、sture of submission. Animals in zoos are kept in cages. They are probably better fed and cared for, but are evidently bored and frustrated for lack of company. 3) What are the similarities between modern man and caged lion according to some zoologists and psychologists? Mans living conditions in cro

6、wded cities are similar to those of animals in a zoo, which makes the inhabitants unusually aggressive.4) Is aggression always bad for a person?Aggression in itself is not necessarily a bad thing. Some psychologists believe that aggression is a basic human instinct that must be satisfied. If constru

7、ctive means are available to satisfy this instinct, man will turn out to be quite creative.5) What will happen if mans aggression can not be satisfied? He is likely to destroy his own species unless alternative and non-violent ways of expressing aggression can be found.6) According to paragraph 3-4,

8、 two factors are analyzed to account for mans aggression. What are they? Man now lives in crowed conditions and it is becoming more difficult to assert themselves as individuals.7) Why is it growing more and more difficult for people to assert themselves as individuals today?All the work is rather m

9、echanical and there is no chance or possibility to give expression to their own personality or identity.8) How can we eliminate the negative effects of human aggression?International competitions in sports should be organized, or the best designed house or hospital, or the safest car should be desig

10、ned. Detailed ReadingUnderstanding Sentences1. Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission.if a fight should followHad/were/should + subject +verb+Had I not helped him (=if I had not helped him), he would

11、 have failed in business.Were she my daughter (= if she were my daughter), I could suggest a different plan. Should you need any help (=if you need any help) , you can always phone me at the office2. Normally one animal will only kill another for food, and rarely does an animal kill a member of its

12、own species.In sentences beginning with a negative adverb or a phrase with a negative sense, such as never, seldom, rarely, nowhere, hardly, by no means, under no circumstances, etc, the sentence is usually in an inverted order.A: not, never, nor, neither, nowhere1) I do not believe it, nor can you

13、make me believe it2）.在北朝鮮進(jìn)行核試驗(yàn)以前，從沒有這么多的人關(guān)注過它。2) Never before have so many people paid so much attention to North Korean before it made nuclear experiment.B: by no means, in no time, at no time, in no case, on no account, in/under no circumstance, no longer/in no way/on no condition 1) By no means s

14、hould we look down upon the people who are inferior to us.2) n no case are you to leave your post. C: seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely 1) Seldom was our teacher content with our progress in English. 2) Little did she dream that she would marry him.1. A tiger that once came out of the jungle

15、into a village and attacked a man was later found to have an injured paw that had evidently prevented it from hunting its usual prey. 2. If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way.3. If the caged lion, for example, were f

16、ree to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups.If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people would have had more space and freedom.Translate these sentences:4. In fact, it is growing more and more dif

17、ficult for people to assert themselves as individuals, as towns, nations and organizations become steadily bigger, with authority increasingly centralized and remote. “authority” is increasingly remote because in the case of enormous cities or vast organizations, people in power are not only far awa

18、y geographically, but also surrounded by thousands of bureaucrats (官員).As a result, they are much more inaccessible (無法接近的). 實(shí)際上，人類作為個體要想堅(jiān)持自己的權(quán)利和主張已經(jīng)越來越困難了，因?yàn)槌擎?zhèn)、國家以及組織機(jī)構(gòu)變得越來越龐大，而權(quán)力則變得越發(fā)集中，越發(fā)遙遠(yuǎn)了。11.Unable in these conditions to channel their aggression into creative work, people will probably express

19、 it through resentment and anger.Translation“channel into” means “to direct something into a particular place or situation 在這樣的條件下，人們無法將自己爭強(qiáng)好斗的特性發(fā)揮在創(chuàng)造性的工作上，很可能就表現(xiàn)出怨恨、憤怒等情緒。13. Only if hostility and aggression can be expressed in constructive activity and non-violent competition, will the human race

20、be able to survive.1) Only when he had handed in his exam paper, did he realize he had made several grammatical mistakes.2) Only when you lose your health, do you realize its value.aggressive adj. 1. (of people or animals) apt or ready to attack; offensive; quarrelsome （指人或動物）好斗的，挑釁性的，好爭吵的 Our milit

21、ary response to the aggressive act was limited but sufficient to show our determination.Word Study2. very determined to succeed or get what one wants 有進(jìn)取心的，有沖勁的一個積極進(jìn)取的年輕人在這個公司是會大有作為的。An aggressive young man can go far in this company.adv. aggressively 好斗地；挑釁性地；好爭吵地n. aggression 侵略；敵對的情緒或行為；攻擊 行動aggr

22、essiveness 敵對情緒n. aggressor (正式；貶義) 侵略者請了解以下常見表達(dá)。an aggression upon ones right 侵害某人的權(quán)利 commit aggression against 對進(jìn)行侵略air aggression 侵犯領(lǐng)空; 空中侵襲 commercial / cultural / economic aggression 商業(yè)/文化/經(jīng)濟(jì)侵略 an aggression on sb.s personal liberty 對某人人身自由的侵犯territorial (adj.) (Line 3, Para. 1) 1) 守衛(wèi)自身活動地域的；領(lǐng)域

23、性的 2) 領(lǐng)土的；屬地的請了解以下常見表達(dá)。領(lǐng)土主權(quán) territorial right領(lǐng)土爭端 territorial disputes 領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張 territorial expansion 領(lǐng)土完整 territorial integrity 地盤性動物territorial animals territory (n.) (Line 3, Para. 1) 1) C; U land ruled by one government 領(lǐng)土；版圖 2) area regarded by a person, animal as belonging to it alone 地盤；領(lǐng)地 3) are

24、a of knowledge or activity (知識或活動的)范圍，領(lǐng)域請完成下面的句子。Exercise他的研究興趣甚廣。His scientific interests _.他們解放了被占領(lǐng)土。They liberated _.the occupied territoriescover a wide territoryinhabitant n. a person or animal that lives in a particular place 居民，住戶1) The inhabitants of the island were friendly.2) His residence

25、 in the town enabled him to vote.3) We joined the residents committee4) They have taken up their residence in a new house.resident n. person who resides in a place (contrast with a visitor) 居民（與visitor相對） Cf. residence n. 1. residing 住，居留 2. place where one resides; house 住處，住宅Complete the following

26、 sentences with the above words: intrude (v.) (Line 3, Para. 1) ( + into, on, upon) bring or come in when not wanted 闖入；侵入；打擾Exercise如果他們很忙，我就不打擾他們了。I dont want to _ them if they are rude on 請完成下面的句子。這一兒時回憶不時地闖入她的腦海。The memory of her childhood _ her mind.kept intruding itself into 他總是把自己的意見強(qiáng)

27、加于人。He is always _ his opinion _ ruding uponintrusion (n.) 闖入；侵入；打擾intruder (n.) 侵入者；闖入者詞匯擴(kuò)充intrusive (adj.) 闖入的；侵入的；打擾的 近義詞辨析interfere 指干擾、妨礙別人的行動或某事的進(jìn)行。常 用作貶義詞。intrude 多指未經(jīng)允許而闖入或?qū)λ耸聞?wù)進(jìn)行干 涉。interrupt 多用于指突然介入而使正在進(jìn)行的事情中 斷，也可表示阻斷、妨礙。請選擇 intrude, interfere 或 interrupt 的適當(dāng)形式完成句子。Exercise一架不明國

28、籍的軍用飛機(jī)侵入我國領(lǐng)空。An unidentified military plane _ the airspace of our country.敲門聲打斷了他的思考。A knock at the door _ his concentration.青年人不希望父母過多地干涉自己的事情。Yong people dont want their parents to _too much with their personal erfere intruded into interruptedsubmission (Line 6, Para. 1)submit (v.) 1)

29、( + to) yield oneself; agree to obey 服從；順從 2) ( + to) offer for consideration 呈送；提交；submission (n.) 1) 服從；順從 2) 呈送；提交；提出submissive (adj.) 恭順的；歸順的submissively (adv.) 恭順地；歸順地T: Hi, boys and girls, how are you going to celebrate the New Years Day?S: Oh, Mr. Smith, were thinking about a masquerade (化妝舞會

30、) party.T: That sounds great. But I am afraid you have to _ (提交計(jì)劃) to your administrator. 請根據(jù)以下模擬語境填空。Exercise學(xué)生提交新年晚會計(jì)劃submit the plan 請根據(jù)以下模擬語境填空。ExerciseSon:Mum, I will not _ (服從) because of the following points. First, .Mum:OK. You dont have to _ (服從) to me. But can we discuss？兒子服從父母管教submit mys

31、elf to you show submission instinct n. the natural tendency that a person or animal has to behave or react in a particular way 本能Most animals have an instinct to protect their young.2. a natural feeling that makes one choose to act in a particular way 直覺He had an instinct for picking the best.instin

32、ct forAnimals have a natural instinct for survival.instinct to do somethingBirds have an instinct to build nests. by instinctBirds build nests by instinct.somebodys first instinct (=what someone feels like doing first when something happens)His first instinct was to rush out of the trembling house i

33、nstinctive adj. 本能的，是一種本能1) Animals have an instinctive dread of fire.2) Climbing is instinctive in monkeys.assert (v.) (Line 38, Para. 4) 1) (assert oneself) say clearly what you think 堅(jiān)持自己的想法、 權(quán)利、意見 2) state or declare forcefully 斷 言，宣稱，聲明assertion (n.) ( + that ) a forceful statement or claim 斷言；

34、強(qiáng)硬聲明assertive (adj.) forceful; expressing strong opinions or claims 斷言的； 武斷的請完成下面的句子。ExerciseDont be so shy. You need to learn to _. (堅(jiān)持自己的主張)The Consumer Association tried its best to _. (維護(hù)消費(fèi)者的權(quán)利)assert the consumers rightsassert yourselfHe _ that he was not guilty. (一再聲明他的無辜)repeated his assertio

35、ns You couldnt fail to notice that _. (那個說話武斷的青年人)assertive young man Remote A away from other places or people, and very few people go thereThey moved to a remote farmhouse in North Wales.Synonym: Isolated a long way from other towns, buildings, or people, especially in a quiet place where you are

36、aloneThe area is extremely isolated because of the hills that surround it. Distant a long way from where you areHow can we send our young men off to distant lands to die in foreign wars?B if a chance or possibility of something happening is remote, it is not very likely to happen synonym slightremot

37、e chance/possibility Theres a remote chance that you can catch him before he leaves . Remote Remote C unfriendly, and not interested in people She was a remote, quiet woman.turn to somebody/something A to try to get help, advice, or sympathy from someoneThe Namibian government turned to South Africa

38、 for help.B to start to do or use something new, especially as a way of solving a problemMany people here are turning to solar power.channel (v.) (Line 47, Para. 4) 1) ( + into) direct 引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)向 2) form a channel in 在上 形成槽或溝他們把水引到地里。知識將人類引向文明。Knowledge channels human beings into civilization. They chann

39、elled the water into / towards the field.Translation我們應(yīng)該給這條街開辟水道, 以便水能暢通地流走。We ought to channel this street so that water can flow away easily. channel (n.) 河床；航道；溝渠；海峽；頻道； （喻）途徑，方法， 手段人們希望通過外交/正當(dāng)途徑解決這一問題。People hope to solve the problem through diplomatic / proper channels.TranslationFind expressio

40、n in something Her anger at last found expression in loud cursing. find the way in which ones feelings and ideas are shown in particular events請完成下面的句子。Exercise他的情感最終由眼淚表現(xiàn)了出來。His feelings at last _.他們的個人主義在他的作品/舉止中表現(xiàn)了出來。Their individualism _.found expression in his works foundexpression in tears/ be

41、haviorMan must be the most aggressive and cruel of all living creatures.In the zoo it is probably better fed and cared for.to perform some hostile gestures人類肯定是所有動物中最好斗和最殘忍的。在動物園里，也許它吃得更好，能得到精心的照料。做一些表示敵意的姿態(tài)But it is evidently bored and frustrated for lack of company.但是，由于離群索居，它顯然會感到倦怠，情緒沮喪。to asser

42、t oneselfa self-employed craftsman堅(jiān)持自己的權(quán)利和主張個體手工業(yè)者He is the master of his own trade.他是他本行業(yè)的能工巧匠。to channel the aggression into creative work將爭強(qiáng)好斗的特性發(fā)揮在創(chuàng)造性的工作上Completing the SentencesDirections: Complete the following sentences with the words in the box. Change the form if necessary.similarcompetitio

43、ninjureconflictinstinctlikelyabsorbhesitatesurviveavailable1) There are concerns that these poor people may not _ the winter.2) There have been several minor _ between the two countries over the past decade.surviveconflicts3) The university is trying to make more accommodations _ for students.4) Do

44、remind me because Im _ to forget.5) A number of bombs have exploded, seriously _ at least five people.6) Our countryside is increasingly being _ into the larger cities.similarcompetitioninjureconflictinstinctlikelyabsorbhesitatesurviveavailableavailablelikelyinjuringabsorbedsimilarcompetitioninjurec

45、onflictinstinctlikelyabsorbhesitatesurviveavailable7) The farmers have been seeking higher prices as better protection from foreign _.8) Her first _ was to shout and get angry with him.9) He _ before he spoke, as if he wasnt sure how his words would be received.10) I bought some new shoes that are v

46、ery _ to a pair I had petitioninstincthesitatedsimilarFilling in the BlanksDirection: Complete the following passage with the words given in the box. You can use each word only once. Aggression is the fighting instinct in beast and man, which is directed against members of the same species. It is th

47、eorized that in natural conditions aggression helps to _ survival of individuals (and thus the species), by preventing too dense a _ from developing and exhausting all of its food sources. exhibit defense case territory minute ensure characteristic familiar aggressive populationensurepopulationexhib

48、it defense case territory minute ensure characteristic familiar aggressive populationFighting is generally considered to be a trait _ of males and uncharacteristic of females. However, many but not all female mammals _ aggression during the postpartum (產(chǎn)后的) period in _ of their young. The great anim

49、al behaviorist Konrad Lorenz observed that in every individual the readiness to fight is greatest in the most _ place: in the middle of its territory. exhibitdefensefamiliarcharacteristicexhibit defense case territory minute ensure characteristic familiar aggressive populationAs the distance from _

50、increases, readiness to fight decreases proportionately. This was not the _ with my pet rat; he was ready and willing to beat up his neighbors the _ he stepped through their door. What causes some rats to be more _ than others? There is certainly evidence that aggression has a genetic basis, at leas

51、t in some animals.caseterritoryminuteaggressiveTranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English using the expressions in brackets. 每當(dāng)她姨媽來訪的時候，她總是表現(xiàn)不好。(behave)She always behaves badly when her aunt comes to visit.2) 要不是你們的幫助，我們不會準(zhǔn)時完成任務(wù)。(if)If it hadnt been for your help, we would

52、nt have been able to finish the task in time.3) 我勸他別去東海岸，因?yàn)槟抢锏教幎际怯慰汀?warn off)I warned him off going to the east coast because it was full of tourists.4) 東西便宜并不見得質(zhì)量就低劣。(not necessarily)The fact that something is cheap doesnt necessarily mean it is of low quality.5) 如果沒有人可以求教，就難以做出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。(turn to)With

53、out anyone to turn to for help, making an appropriate choice can be difficult.3) 我勸他別去東海岸，因?yàn)槟抢锏教幎际怯慰汀?warn off)I warned him off going to the east coast because it was full of tourists.4) 東西便宜并不見得質(zhì)量就低劣。(not necessarily)The fact that something is cheap doesnt necessarily mean it is of low quality.5) 如果沒有人可以求教，就難以做出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。(turn to)Without anyone to turn to for help, making an appropriate choice can be difficult.Writing COMPARE AND CONTRAST Comparisons = Similarities Contra