八年級下冊英語unit6

1、初二下冊英語學(xué)習(xí)第六課時Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?.【單元目標(biāo)】.重點短語in fact其實；實際上run out of 用完；用盡by the way順便；附帶說說be interested in 對感興趣 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途more than比多make a list of列清單 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途thanks for doing sth.感謝某人做了某事think of / about sth.想起某事 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途n .目標(biāo)句型：How long have you been doing

2、？ 2. I ve been doing since集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途3. How long did sb. do ?4. He / She did sth. for 5. What do you collect?6. When did you start?How many do you have?8. What do you like to collect in the future? 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途W(wǎng)hat is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby? 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途二.重重難點分析】.現(xiàn)在完成進行時構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語

3、 + have / has been + doing否定句：主語 +have/has+not+been+doing個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 一般疑問句：Have/Has+ 主語+been+doing?現(xiàn)在完成進行時表達某一動作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能還要持續(xù)下去”，現(xiàn)在完成進行時的句子中多用延續(xù)性動詞，如： live, learn, study, work等。個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途I have been learning English for ten years.(2)She has been skating for four hours.(3)I have been colle

4、cting stamps since I was ten years old. 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途在這幾個句子中，have和has是助動詞，疑問形式需把助動詞提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not, havenot和has not可以分別縮寫成 haven 和hasnt如：個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途(1)Have you been doing your homework since this morning?個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途(2)Has he been writing the letters to his friend?(3)I haven t been seeing

5、films for a long time.(表明沒有看電影這個動作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還要繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。).現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：(1)現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)動作的完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時側(cè)重的是動作的持續(xù)進行。I have read a book about birds.(已經(jīng)讀完)I have been reading a book about birds.(一直都在讀，現(xiàn)在還在讀，有可能會繼續(xù)讀下去)個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途(2)兩種時態(tài)都有延續(xù)性，但現(xiàn)在完成時往往只說明一個事實，一種影響或結(jié)果，無感情色彩；現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示一個動作的延續(xù)、重復(fù)，有時有一定的感情色彩。個人收集整

6、理勿做商業(yè)用途She has been singing all the day.(抱怨、厭煩)三.【重點詞匯】since的用法：(1)conj .(引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句中常用過去時，主句用一般時態(tài)或完成時)自從以來；以后It was years since l had seen her.his just a week since we arrived here .。(引起原因狀語從句，通常置于句首 )既然；因為Since he says so, it must be true .(2)prep .自以來 I have lived here since childhood .1 / 8He h

7、asnt been home sincel993.(3)adv .(與完成時態(tài)連用)從那以后；后來 以前He left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since .個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途(4)構(gòu)成短語：ever since從那以后(一直)long since 很久以前；早已Sincefrom 和 for(1)from是介詞，后接名詞、動名詞，表示事情的開始點，以 from短語作狀語時，句中的謂語動詞可用一般 現(xiàn)在、過去和將來時，如： 個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:0

8、0 p.m.They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end .(2)since則為介詞或從屬連接詞，其后接名詞、動名詞或從句，表示從某一特定時間起直至現(xiàn)在或過去某一特定時間為止，依然繼續(xù)著的事情的開始點，在以此為時間狀語的句子中，謂語動詞常用完成時。個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途Many things have happened since they came here.The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途(3)for

9、是介詞，后接名詞，可以用來計算持續(xù)的時間，表示事情從開始到結(jié)束所持續(xù)的時間，謂語動詞常用過去時或完成時，for與一般現(xiàn)在時連用，表示時間一直持續(xù)到將來。個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途The meeting lasted for hours. I studied the piano for three years. Ive known her for five years.How long are you here for?Favourite作名詞，指 最愛的物品，favourite也可作形容詞，作形容詞比較級和最高級形式。個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途My favorite food is dumplin

10、g .stop表示停止，結(jié)束，阻止”The light turned red . I have to stop .(1)stop作名詞，意為 車站，站點”。 I get off at the next bus stop .個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途(2)stop作動詞，意為停止”，常用于stop doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事。個人收集整理勿 做商業(yè)用途The students stop talking .(3)stop to do sth.則表示 停下來去做某事”，指停止原來的事去做另外一件事。The students stop to talk.We shou

11、ld stop to have a rest.(4)stop sb.(from)doing sth.表示 叫某人停止做某事，阻止某人做某事”。What can stop me(my)going?Nothing shall stop us from studying .have to do sth.表示 不得不做某事”，指客觀條件的 不得不” I have to finish the work by myself .run out of 意為從地方跑出來；用光 Class is over. The students run out of the classroom . 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途

12、四.【課文解析】How long have you been in class today?how long多長”或多長時間對長度或時間段提問。-How long have you learned English? - For two years. 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途(2)in class在上課；在課堂上，其反義詞為out of class在課外”。We should read more books out of class.I have been in class for one hour.(3)現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。I have seen the film

13、many times .表示過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。I have lived here since 2001 .(住”這動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 )構(gòu)成：“havehas+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。-Where is Jim and Mike? -They have gone to the Great Wall .個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途Alison was the first one to start . be the first / second+n.表通do是第一/二個做某事的“。個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途He is the last one to leave here.She was th

14、e first one to get to the school .Id like to collect stamps because they are interesting .個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途(1)would like to do 表示 想要做某事”。Would you like to come to join my birthday party?(2)collect意為收集，搜集”，常用作及物動詞，后跟名詞或代詞作賓語。I like collecting all kinds Of Chinese stamps very much .個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途Thanks for

15、 sending me the snow globe of the monster . 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途(1)thanks for 相當(dāng)于thank you for 意為 為感謝你，后多跟名詞短語或動名詞。個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途Thanks for your last letter.(2)send sb. Sth.相當(dāng)于send sth. to sb.表示 送給某人某物” He sent me a present for my birthday.He sent a present to me for my birthday。By the way , whats your hobb

16、y?這是一個特殊疑問句的簡單句，by the way在句中作插入語。介詞短語by the way意思是 且說，順便提一下，還有，常用來介紹一般性的話題，或在腦子里突然想起的事情。個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途W(wǎng)e shall expect you, by the way , dinner will be at eight .個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途I was reading when the earthquake occurred , by the way, it was “The Last Day of Pompeii個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 By the way , have you see

17、n her lately?(2)名詞hobby表示 愛好”是可數(shù)名詞。Your hobby is reading .One of my hobbies is astronomy .Plenty of men are excellent cooks as a hobby .It made me think about differences in food cultures between China and western countries . 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 (1)make使役動詞 使；讓”，后面接不定式作賓語補足語時，不帶 to,類似的還有l(wèi)et和have。個人收集整理勿做商

18、業(yè)用途He made the students laugh.The children must be made to clean their own room .Aunt Li tried to make us stay for supper.(2)think about 考慮；回想，想起；認為think about a plan 考慮一項計劃I always think about her when it snows .What do you think about the film last night?He was thinking about the time he spent in

19、the army .個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途W(wǎng)e need to think about the plan .(3)介詞between表示在二者之間There is a fence between his garden and our garden. 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途Youre to sit between Moira and me .五.【詞語辨析】every 和 each(1)each一定數(shù)目中的 每一個“；爺別”意義較重，表示各有不同，更強調(diào)個人或個別。Each one has his weakness(2)every數(shù)目不確定的許多人或物中間的每一個“；總合”意義較重，表示

20、大家一致”。Every one of us is here .(3)each可作主語、同位語、定語和狀語，而every只能作定語。interest, interesting 與 interested(1)interest作名詞，意為 興趣，趣味”，用作動詞時指 使(人)產(chǎn)生興趣”。He shows an interest in music . What you said interests me. 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途(2)interesting作形容詞，指 有趣的，引起興趣的“，可作表語或定語，指物或人本身能引起興趣。個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途The film is very inter

21、esting .He is an interesting man .(3)interested是由動詞interest加-ed構(gòu)成的形容詞。意為感興趣的“，其主語一般是人，常用于be/get/ becomeinterested in結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示 對感興趣“。個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途W(wǎng)hen he was only a child , he got interested in science. 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途have 與 musthave to與must都有 必須”的意思，但有其不同之處：(1)have to有時態(tài)和人稱變化，帶有客觀因素，意思是不得不；must無時態(tài)和人稱變化，后

22、面接不帶 to的不定式，帶有主觀因素，意思是 必須，一定”。個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途I have to go now . Its dark . I must go .(2)must not表示 不許，一定不能；dont have to表示 不必”。You mustnt go now . You dont have to go so early .(3)Must I 的否定回答是 No , you neednt,或 No, you dont have to .個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途-Must I stay here now?-NO , you neednt, /you dont have t

23、o .個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途fairly 與 ratherfairly與rather同義但用法不同：fairly 一般指(褒義的)理想的情形，rather一般指(貶義的)不太理想的情形。例如：The weather is fairly fine today .The weather was rather bad yesterday.It is a fairly easy question .(容易而適當(dāng))It is a rather easy question.(大容易了而不適當(dāng) )補充材料Each的具體用法：adj.各個的；各自的；每一個的。置于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。Each car has

24、a steering wheel.My uncle gave a present to each one of n.各個；各自。謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Each has his own task.Each of the students broughta a dictionary.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途room做空間講時，是不可數(shù)名詞。Is there any room for me in the car?There was no room to turn around in the narrow road. 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途whether 和 if 的區(qū)別 I dont

25、 know whether / if she will be able to come 。個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途whether可以與or not連用，or not可以緊跟在 whether之后，也可以置于從句末尾；if 一般不能和or not連用。個 人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途W(wǎng)hether it rains or not, the are determined to go.He asked whether they should go or stay.The +比較級，the +比較級。越-越The more, the better. 多多益善The more you have, the m

26、ore you want.擁有越多, 欲望越大。More and more 越來越English is more and more interesting to me .個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途More or less 或多或少；多少有點；差不多 She is more or less beautiful.她頗有姿色。個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途No more = not any more 不再；也不； 也沒有 once more 再一次；再次。個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途More than 大于，不止 morethan 比 一 更 一課后練習(xí)一.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空.Listen!A gir

27、l(sing) in the hall.Alison(swim) for three hours.When I entered the classroom,Ifound some students(watch) TV .個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途.There are some children who(play) football on the playground. 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途. How long you(do) that? For about four years.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途.The young man(skate) since he was eight y

28、ears old 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途.Hed like(collect) shells because they are beautiful.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途.When I was twelve,I(start) to play tennis.9.If you know his telephone number,please let me(know).個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途10.Thank you for(tell) me the truth.二.用for或 since填空1.Hes been waiting for you two hours.2.Sarah has b

29、een living here 19963.The baby has been sleeping 2:00 a.m.4.Ive been staying in New York two weeks.5.Kate has been studying Japanese he was twelve個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途6.I slept only two hours last night.I am tired.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途三.單項選擇1.of them has a study.(書房)A.Both B.All C.Each D.Every2.She saw an accident

30、the way to school.A.in B.by C.on D.at3.the way,whats your name?A.By B.On C.In D.Rordont like the way he talks to me.A.on B.in C.by D/ How long did your brother skate?He for five hours.A.did skated B.skated C.is skating Dwas skating 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途.They money to build a new school for the faraway villa

31、ge. A.collected B.took C.spent D raised 個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途.He said he doing some shopping.A.would like B.liked C.wanted D felt.They are fast out of money.A.run B.to run C.running D ran.We had to stop to have a rest,we were very tired.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.while B.when C.whether D because.My elder sister is in th

32、e writer job.A.interested B.interesting C.interests D to interest 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途.The Smiths have been living here about 15 years.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.for B.since C.in Dto.He liked to eat mooncakes nuts in them.A.have B.has C.with Dand.do you have an English party? Once a month.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.How B.How far

33、C.How often D How long.一Can I help you,madam? Im looking for pair of shoes for my daughter. A.the B.an C.a D some個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途.The policeman arrived about half an hour later when the accident happened.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.half past one B.thirty minutes C.hour halfD an hour ago 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途. Would you like

34、 to have another cup of tea? Yes,.”個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.I would like to B.I would like C.I would love個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途D I would want. Thank you for your help. Its my pleasure.A.With pleasure B.Never mind C.Certainly not D Youre welcome.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途.you to New York? No,but I will go there next year.個人收集整理 勿做商

35、業(yè)用途A.Have,gone B.Do,go C.Will,go D Have,been.Jims father said to him, hope you what I you to buy. A.didnt forget,told B.not to forget,have toldC.wont forget,have toldD havent forgotten,will tell 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途. Do you know Jack well? Certainly.We friends since ten years ago.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.were B.have

36、 made C.have become D have been.We have several books about sports.（同義選擇 ）A.quite a few B.only a few C.much D many.They have many apples.But only several big and red. A.was B.is C.were D are 個人收集整理 勿做商.We for the old woman on the bus.A.made a room B.gave a room C.made room D gave rooms 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途

37、I wont let it.A.anyone knows B.anyone know C.someone knows D.someone know 個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途.People are in places.A.interested,interested B.interesting,interesting C.interested,interestingD.interesting,interested 個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途.Why not your coat?It s warm here.A.to take off B.to take down C.taking down D.ta

38、ke off 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途.Zhang Li has been working for eight hours.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.the whole B.the all C.whole D.all.The student No.1 Middle School won the match.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.from B.in C.at D.of.一 How does your father go to work? A.By a bus B.On bus C.By foot D.On foot.The little English girl enjoys ve

39、ry much.A.to travel B.traveling C.traveled D.travels 個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途.Reading in the bed is not good your eyes.A.for B.to C.at D.with.Wen Li has kites for two years.A.been make B.making C.been makingD.been made 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途6 / 8.Li Chen football an hour ago.A.has been playing B.has played C.plays D.pla

40、yed 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途. Hi,Carol.How was your trip to Disney world? 一Hi,Alice.Oh,we a good time there.A.are having B.have had C.had D.have.The meeting will held in half an hour,but they haven t got everything ready.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.ever B.already C.yet D.still.They all their money,so they have to walk home

41、.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.spend B.had spent C.have spent D.will spend 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 37. May I speak to John?一Sorry,he Japan.But he in two days.A.has been to,will come back B.has gone to,will be back C.has been in,would come back D.has gone to,wont come back個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途. What did Mr.Jones do before he moved he

42、re? He a city bus for over 25 years.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.is driving B.drove C.has driven D.drives 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途.you the film yet? Yes.I it last Saturday 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.Will,see ; saw B.Did,see; saw C.Have,seen; have seen D.Have,seen; saw 個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途. “ Harry Potter is a very nice film.I it twice.個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see. When Li Ming his homework? At 10.00 last night. A.did,finish B.does,finish C.is,finishingD.was,finished個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途. How many times to Shanghai since the summer of 2002? Twice.個人收集整理 勿做商