2023年高考英語復(fù)習(xí)完形填空滿分考點(diǎn)3 瞻前顧后揣摩語境 -講考點(diǎn)-胸有成竹（教師版）

1、考點(diǎn)3 nt前腰后指摩語境.講考點(diǎn)/有成竹考點(diǎn)3瞻前顧后揣摩語境【2023年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】完形填空瞻前顧后揣摩語境考點(diǎn)是高考中的必考點(diǎn)。瞻前顧后揣摩語境考點(diǎn)是完形填空的重要命題手 段，每年高考都考。預(yù)測(cè)在2023高考中，瞻前顧后揣摩語境會(huì)在完形填空試題中呈現(xiàn)。完形填空瞻前顧后揣摩語境考點(diǎn)指南】規(guī)律方法：完形填空技巧之瞻前顧后揣摩語境利用語境選詞旨在考查考生在語境中熟練運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言的實(shí)踐技能。完形填空的每一個(gè)空白的設(shè)置并 不是隨心所欲的，命題人主要通過上下文暗示出某種信息來保證答案的正確性和唯一性，因此考生應(yīng)該通 過上下文的暗示獲取解題信息，因此做完形填空題時(shí)一定要“瞻前顧后，前引后聯(lián)”，充分利

2、用文章所有可 能提供的信息解題。在做題時(shí)考生還可以利用褒貶性語境及一些語言結(jié)構(gòu)來判定正確答案。任何完形填空 文章的語境都具有一定的褒貶性，它反映了作者或主人公特定的情緒狀態(tài)，并支撐著文意的開展，因此利 用褒貶性語境的情感性可以巧妙進(jìn)行完形填空信息推斷。所以考生要在讀懂原文、掌握大意的基礎(chǔ)上，選 語氣與文章一致的選項(xiàng)。通過“顧后信息”解題眾所周知，完形填空的命題不是“天馬行空”，更不是“獨(dú)來獨(dú)往。所以正確領(lǐng)會(huì)和下文情節(jié)的開展發(fā) 生這樣或那樣的關(guān)系，這就成為尋找正確項(xiàng)的根據(jù)。因此，考生需要“顧及”空后的相關(guān)信息，從而做出正 確的選擇。典例Joe Simpson and Simon Yates we

3、re the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the ton 21 , but on their way back conditions were very 22 (difficult). Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon 23 (continued) alone, he would probably get back 24 (safely).21. A. hur

4、riedlyB. carefullyC. successfullyD. early陪IJ析從空后信息尋找解題根據(jù)是完形填空題中最常用的解題方法之一。該題空前談到他們登山，特 別是空后談到他們返回，只有他們成功地到達(dá)山頂才有返回的可能。另外考生需要注意，利用空后信息解 題通常指偏靠前面的題目。答案C通過“瞻前信息”解題這種情況多出現(xiàn)在文章展開之后，這時(shí)前文已經(jīng)含有豐富的語境信息，設(shè)空和前文有邏輯或語境的聯(lián) 系，這樣空前的信息就成為解題的根據(jù)。解題時(shí)一定要善于捕捉這些重要的信息，以到達(dá)解題的目的。典例2016全國(guó) I Once fire and emergency people arrived,

5、Larry and the other man 56 (backed off) and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 (free) to go. They let him and the other man go.57. A. womanB policeC manD. driver剖析在完形填空的解題中，運(yùn)用空前信息解題是最常用的解題方法之一。從上文“Once fire and emergency people arrived”可知警察趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。答案B考例分析：1.12022新高考 T

6、My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.Some of our 21 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.21. A. ideasB. jokesC. memoriesD. discoveries21. C考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的一些記憶很有趣，尤其是在早些年我們的孩子很小的時(shí)候。A. ideas 想法；B. jokes 笑話；C.

7、memories 記憶；D. discoveries 發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可推知，此處指作 者認(rèn)為自己與家人一起冒險(xiǎn)的一些記憶是有趣的。應(yīng)選C。2. 2022新高考 I I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minu

8、tes. He was 24、and his crying let the whole campground know it.24. A. unhurtB. unfortunateC. uncomfortableD. unafraid24.C考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭聲讓整個(gè)營(yíng)地都知道了這一點(diǎn)。A. unhurt未受傷 的；B. unfortunate 不幸的；C. uncomfortable 不舒服的；D. unafraid 無所畏懼的。根據(jù)上文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下

9、文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知,止匕處指 孩子身上被綁繩子后感覺不舒服，所以才會(huì)哭。應(yīng)選C。3. 2022 年新高考全國(guó) II 卷】Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it 21. She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world,stopping everywhe

10、re from Paris to Singapore.21. A. indoors B. onlineC. single-handed D. full-time21.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：與他們中的大多數(shù)人不同，這位25歲的年輕人全職從事這項(xiàng)工作。A. indoors 室內(nèi)；B. online 在線的；C. single-handed 單手的；D. full-time 全職的。根據(jù)后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris t

11、o Singapor已（在過去的兩年 里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，從巴黎到新加坡都在這里停留戶可知，這位25歲的年輕人全職從事這項(xiàng)工作。 應(yīng)選Do4. 2022 年新高考全國(guó) II 卷】Throughout their no-cost stays in 25 homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowners 26.A. strangers9B. parents5C. co-workers5D. neighborsA. favorB. defenseC. honorD. absence.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們免費(fèi)住在陌生人家里

12、的過程中，他們會(huì)在房主不在的時(shí)候喂寵物、 給植物澆水。A. strangers陌生人的；B. parents父母的；C.co-workers同事的；D. neighbors鄰居的。根據(jù) 上文可知他們?cè)诃h(huán)球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。應(yīng)選A。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們免費(fèi)住在陌生人家里的過程中，他們會(huì)在房主不在的時(shí)候喂寵物、 給植物澆水。A. favor 幫助；B. defense 防御；C. honor 榮譽(yù)；D. absence 缺席。根據(jù)上文they feed pets and water plants in the homeowners”指在房主不在的時(shí)候喂寵物、給植物澆水。應(yīng)選

13、D。2022 年新高考全國(guó) II 卷】But house sitting also offers a level of 29 they cant find in a hotel. Its like staying at a friend house J Jessica says.29. A. support B. comfortC. controlD. attention29.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一種在酒店里找不到的舒適感。A. support支持；B. comfort舒適，撫慰；C.control控制；D. attention注意力。結(jié)合后文提到像住在朋友家，可見照看房

14、子也 能提供一種在酒店里找不到的舒適感。應(yīng)選B?！驹囶}精練】1 .【河北省保定市 2021-2022 學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末】Steve Chu, the restaurants owner, read the e-mail and quickly 24 with an alternative suggestion.24. A. replied B. declinedC. commented D. declared【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：餐館的主人Steve Chu讀了這封郵件，快速地回復(fù)了另一個(gè)替代性的 建議。A. replied回復(fù)；B. declined減少，下降；C. c

15、ommented評(píng)論；D. declared宣布，宣稱。根據(jù)前文“read the e-mail”可知，收到郵件，讀完郵件后，應(yīng)回復(fù)郵件，應(yīng)選A。2.【八省市（湖北省，廣東省等）2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考】As we progressed to high school, a couple of girls 43and a couple of new ones wormed their way in.43. A. dropped out B. dropped inC. showed up D. showed off【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們升入高中時(shí)。有

16、兒個(gè)女生退出了，又有幾個(gè)女生加入進(jìn)來。 A. dropped out 退學(xué)，退出；B. dropped in 順道來訪；C. showed up 出現(xiàn)；D. showed off 炫耀。根據(jù)后文“a couple of new ones wormed their way in （又有幾個(gè)新家伙加入進(jìn)來了）可知，有些人退出，而有些人加入, 應(yīng)選Ao3.【廣東省普通高中2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月聯(lián)合質(zhì)量測(cè)評(píng)）To Williams, the solution was simple: Give kids books. In 2017, as part of a civic event c

17、alled Engage Dan-ville, she donated 900 used childrens books over three days. Most people would be 26 with that. “I was like, Anybody could do that, she said. “I wanted to do something thafs going to stretch my faith, my work ethic, my everything.26. A. satisfied B. strictC. familiarD. honest【答案】A【解

18、析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：大多數(shù)人都會(huì)對(duì)此感到滿意。A. satisfied滿意的；B. strict嚴(yán)格的； C.familiar熟悉的；D.honest老實(shí)的。根據(jù)前文可知，她在三天內(nèi)捐贈(zèng)了 900本書，大局部人都會(huì)對(duì)此行 動(dòng)感動(dòng)滿意的。應(yīng)選A。4.【福建省“永安一中、德化一中”兩校2020-2021學(xué)年高中畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考】Night fell. Falter returned home, teary-eyed and 21 The 33-year-old professional photographer had justrun from one end of HawaiVs Waime

19、a Bay, to the other, looking for his “baby，a custom-made blue surfboard.21. A. puzzled B. exhaustedC. refreshedD. scared【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Falter回到家里，淚眼婆娑，筋疲力盡。A. puzzled迷惑的；B. exhausted 筋疲力盡的；C. refreshed 煥然一新的；D. scared 害怕的。根據(jù)下文“just run from one end of Hawaii9s Waimea Bay, to the other”可知，F(xiàn)alter從夏威夷的這一端跑到另一端，他跑得筋疲力盡了。應(yīng)選B。5.【廣東省肇慶市2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次模擬】Its the textbook beginning of a nightmare:lost on a hiking track, with no water, and an injured dog too heavy to carry. 21, for the family of three this story happened to, they 22 a kind-hearted boy.A. OriginallyB. ObviouslyC. ActuallyD