新目標英語句子成分、結構和種類課件

1、新目標英語句子成分、結構和種類新目標英語句子成分、結構和種類句子句子成分句子結構句子種類句子句子句子句子句子成分 主語:行為主體，句子描述的主體 謂語: 主語發(fā)出的動作 賓語: 動作的承受者 定語:用來修飾名詞、代詞 狀語:時間、地點、原因等 表語:表示主語“是什么”“怎么樣”句子成分 主語:行為主體，句子描述的主體 謂語: 句子成分 主語：You beat him. 謂語: You beat him. 賓語: You beat him. 定語:You beat the bad boy. 狀語:You beat him at home. 表語:He is bad./He is a boy.句子

2、成分 主語：You beat him. Different parts of a sentence 句子成分構成句子，在其中起著不同作用的部分叫作句子成分。常見的句子成分有以下幾種：1. subject 主語 主語通常由名詞，名詞短語或代詞擔任。主語表示句子描述的是“誰” 或“什么”。例如：Different parts of a sentence1) You worry too much at times.2) A year is divided into 12 different star signs.3) The book on the desk is mine.2. Predicate

3、 謂語謂語說明主語的動作或所處的狀態(tài)。由動詞擔任。例如：1) They work hard.2) He is writing.1) You worry too much at times3. Predicative 表語表語說明主語的性質，特征，狀態(tài)名稱或身份等，通常由形容詞，名詞，代詞 等擔任。與連系動詞一起使用。例如：1) You are a student.2) That river is very deep. 3) His face turned red.4) The weather gets colder and colder.3. Predicative 表語4. Object (

4、 direct or indirect ) 賓語（ 直接賓語或間接賓語 ）賓語表示及物動詞動作的對象或內容，或用于介詞后構成介詞短語。通常由名詞，名詞短語，代詞等擔任。例如：You have many friends.We all like him.He works in the factory.4. Object ( direct or indirect* 有的動詞后面可以帶兩個賓語，指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。例如：1) You buy your your friends nice gifts.2) He gave me some books. 間接賓語IO直接賓語DO間接賓語直接

5、賓語* 有的動詞后面可以帶兩個賓語，指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直5. Attribute 定語定語修飾或限定名詞，通常由形容詞，名詞等擔任。例如：1) Millie is reading the school newsletter.2. This is a difficult problem.3. There are many apple trees.4. The man in the classroom is our new teacher.5. Attribute 定語6. Adverbial 狀語狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或整個句子，通常由副詞，介詞短語或名詞短語擔任。例如：1) Hor

6、ses run fast.2) You are selfish at times.3) They usually get up at six oclock in the morning.6. Adverbial 狀語Millie is reading the school newsletter. Millie主語is reading the school newsletter謂語the school newsletter直接賓語school定語Millie is reading the school nYou are selfish at times. You主語are selfish謂語se

7、lfish表語at times狀語You are selfish at times. You主Exercises指出下列句中劃線部分的詞性以及所擔任的成分1. a. He is a teacher of English. b. Her father is English.2. a. They promise to meet our needs. b. He needs to buy some books.定語表語賓語謂語Exercises定語表語賓語謂語Complement 補語 C補語跟在一個動詞后的一個或幾個單詞共同組成的謂語結構 (多為不定式或介詞短語)如： Lucy asked him

8、 to turn down the radio. 句子成分Complement 補語 C句子成分Appositive 同位語 同位語重復指代并進一步說明名詞及名詞性詞語。由名詞、名詞性詞語、從句等充當，放在被修飾詞后。如： They all work hard. John, a friend of hers, has gone. 句子成分(Members of Sentence)Appositive 同位語 句子成分(Members of句子結構主+系+表主+不及物動詞主+及物動詞+賓語+賓補主+及物動詞+間賓+直賓主+及物動詞+賓語There be 主+謂+賓句子結構主+系+表主+不及物動詞

9、主+及物動詞+賓語+賓補主+句子基本結構(5種)1) 主語+謂語(S+V) Day dawns. 天亮了. We arrived. 我們到了。 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結構(5種)句子 (Sentence)句子基本結構(5種)2) 主語+連系動詞+表語(S+L+P) He is a professor. 他是一位教授. The woman is kind. His job is to clean the street. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結構(5種)句子 (Sentence)句子基本結構(5種)3) 主語+謂語+賓語(S+V+O) She understands Fr

10、ench. 她懂法語. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結構(5種)句子 (Sentence)句子基本結構(5種)4) 主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO) He told us the whole story. 他把全部經(jīng)過告訴了我們. He bought me a book. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結構(5種)句子 (Sentence)句子基本結構(5種)5) 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補語(S+V+O+C) He found George intelligent. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)喬治很聰明. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結構(5種)句子 (Sentence)句子種

11、類按句子的用途分 按句子的結構分陳述句疑問句祈使句簡單句并列句復合句感嘆句句子種類按句子的用途分 按句子的結構分陳述句疑問句1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語我們可以給句子的動詞加上副詞修飾，給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語修飾，給句

12、子加上狀語進行修飾等，以使整個句子的意思變得更加的豐富和充實。但不管如何變，都只有一個主謂結構。He worked hard all his life. (劃線部分在句中作狀語，修飾動詞worked)He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (劃線部分在句中作定語，修飾名詞student)我們可以給句子的動詞加上副詞修飾，給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語2) 并列句：句型：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關系，是平行并列的關系。它們之間用連詞連結。e.g. You h

13、elp him and he helps you.2) 并列句：并列句的分類1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.并列句的分類1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and, not3、表示轉折，常用的連詞有but, still, yet, whil

14、e, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果關系，常用的連詞有so, for等。e.g. August is the time of the year for harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3、表示轉折，常用的連詞有but, still, yet,3）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。從句包括名詞性從句（主語

15、從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句） 定語從句和狀語從句等。句型主句+連詞+從句；或連詞+從句+主句e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.3）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復合句就是含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結構的句子。這種結構中，必定有一個主謂結構是句子的主句部分，而另一個主謂結構則是句子的次要部分，即從句部分。1. The boy who saved his life is called Tom.2. He asked me when we would go

16、to Beijing. 3. When I got outside, the bus had already left.復合句就是含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結構的句子。這種結構中，必定Exercises 判斷句型1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother.2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. (簡單句劃線部分在句中作狀語，修飾整個句子) (復合句包含兩個名詞性從句：What he says 是一個主語從句；what he does 是一個賓語從句)Exercise

17、s 判斷句型1.Having finishe3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?簡單句復合句簡單句3. We often study Chinese hist6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.并列句 復合句 簡單句6. He is in Clas