2017新課標(biāo)高考英語閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解主旨大意(歸納法)解題附帶答案

1、高三英語閱讀理解-主旨大意（查找、歸納法）解題導(dǎo)入：高考英語閱讀理解考綱關(guān)于閱讀理解部分考綱要求：閱讀部分 要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息。考生應(yīng)能：（1）理解主旨要義；（2）理解文中具體信息；（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義；（4）做出判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。高考英語閱讀理解常見的設(shè)題形式有： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞意猜測題、主旨大意題。閱讀理解的考題分為客觀理解題 Facts（文章中客觀存在的事實，客觀題的答案一般都可以在原文中找到，即文中的具體事實或者抽象概念。）和主

2、觀理解題（Opinions）（這類問題不可能直接從原文中找到答案，需要通過閱讀文章對文章主旨和深層含義有更深的理解，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行判斷和推理。）今天主要處理的是主旨大意（歸納法）解題。閱讀策略：主旨大意（查找、歸納法）解題一篇文章一般表達(dá)一個中心或主題。這個中心或主題通常用一個句子來概括，此句叫主題句，這類題主要考查讀者把握全文內(nèi)容或理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析歸納文章段落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征、寫作特點的能力。一般說來說明文和議論文都有主題句，而且多位于文章的開頭，有時也位于文章的中間或末尾。但有時不能直接在文章中直接找到主題句，在弄清段與段之間邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上自己歸納總結(jié)。主題句必須能簡潔

3、明了地概括全文的主要內(nèi)容，具有高度的綜合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是對主題句的進(jìn)一步的解釋、說明、論證或拓展。常見的主旨大意題的考查形式：The text is mainly about _.The main idea/The general idea/The main purpose is _.What would be the best title /headline for the text?This article mainly tells about the story of _.What is the topic of the text?The subject discus

4、sed in this text is _.What does the second paragraph discuss?The paragraph (passage) deals with _.What is mainly discussed in the text?主旨大意范例1.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are usi

5、ng up our natural resources too quickly and at the same timewe are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.The main idea of the paragraph is _.12. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something elsethat can t be bought with money. When you meet with dif

6、ficulties, you can say loudly you arevery happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always sayyou are happy.The topic sentence of the paragraph is_3. Some people like reading, and some people like swimming. I have many hobbies, such asreading, skating, and traveling.

7、In fact, different people have different hobbies. My friend Annstudies very hard. So her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves workingwith her hands, and his hobby is gardening.The main idea of the paragraph is _.4.Going green seems to be fad(時尚)for a lot of people these days. Whether that

8、 is good orbad, we cant really say, but for the tow of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.On April22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meantdoing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyondeasy things. Rather

9、than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different greenthings to do and this was no easy task.What might be the best title for the passage?AGoing Green. BProtecting the Planet.CKeeping Open-Minded DCelebrating Our Green Year.5. 自己需要歸納總結(jié)類的主旨類閱讀理解Everyones at it, even my neighbors.

10、I thought I might be the only person left in the worldwho hadnt done an eBay deal. So, I decided to try my hand at online auction(網(wǎng)上拍賣).Buying for beginners: Sign up on www. ehay. co. uk. Most items (e. g. tables, computers,and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short descriptio

11、n; others may bemarked with “Buy It Now” and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away.If the item is being auctioned, you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay andeBay bids (出價) for you. The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond yourhighest bid, then you are e

12、mailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to10days and when they finish you get an email telling you whether you have won the item.How to pay: Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check thisbefore placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque o

13、r postal orders. The easiest way isthrough PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card (信用).Selling made simple: If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item. Ifollowed my friends advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day

14、 auction, starringon a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.The big things in life: It s easy to post a small item, but furniture is a big part of eBay andthis has to be collected or sent by deliverymen. Cheek the ways of delivery before you bid.What is the passage mainly about?2A. How

15、to make payment online.B. Ways of making delivery onlineC. Advantages of an online-auction system.D. How to use an online-auction system.第三部分 主旨類解題歸納總結(jié)(一)經(jīng)驗總結(jié): 1.把握邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，提高這方面的能力對于閱讀議論文或說明文尤為重要，在此類文章中常用某個細(xì)節(jié)來引出題目從而進(jìn)行議論，在議論的過程中可能會出現(xiàn)一些論據(jù)或細(xì)節(jié)描述，這部分常被設(shè)置為此類試題的干擾項。2.找準(zhǔn)主題句，主題句通常在文章句首，句中或句末，主題句表達(dá)中心思想，起主導(dǎo)作用，閱讀時

16、要對容易出現(xiàn)主題句的地方特別注意。(二)主旨大意題的錯誤選項有一下特點：1.以偏蓋全。只是局部信息或者是一句沒有展開論述的話。2.過于籠統(tǒng)。即歸納的主題太寬泛，與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或者是沒有對細(xì)節(jié)加以充分論述。3. 把觀點強加于作者。讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識對文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的見解。4.無關(guān)信息，即在文章中沒有提到或者是找不到語言依據(jù)的信息。當(dāng)堂檢測反饋：主旨大意（查找、歸納法）解題經(jīng)典應(yīng)用People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a newresearch suggests. T

17、he findings, based on performances and self-evaluation by about 275college students, indicate that manypeople multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easilydistracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst athandling diffe

18、rent things,” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to reporthow often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation-seeking(尋求刺激) or imperative (沖動)they were. They

19、then evaluated the participants multitaskingability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematicalcalculations while remembering a set of letters.Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average atmultitasking, and those who tho

20、ught they were better at it were more likely to report using acellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequentlydeal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actualmultitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sens

21、ation-seeking and impulsivebehavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.“People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity, but because theyredistractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important.” Sanbonmatsu said.Adam Gazzaley, a r

22、esearcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not amember of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out3whether people who start out less focused toward multitasking or whether peoplesrecognizing and understanding abilities change as a resul

23、t of multitasking.The findings do suggest, however, why the sensation-seeker who multitask the most mayenjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to riskysituations.” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explainwhy pe

24、ople go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.”67. The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask_.A. seek high productivity constantly.B. prefer handling different things when getting boredC. are more focused when doing many things at a timeD. have the poorest re

25、sults in doing various things at the same time68. When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they _. .A. assessed the multitasking ability of the studentsB. evaluated the academic achievements of the studentsC. analyzed the effects of the participants tricky mental tasksD. measure

26、d the changes of the students understanding ability69. According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their _.A. limited power in calculation B. interests in doing things differently_.C. inability to concentrate on one task D. impulsive desire to try new things70. From the last paragraph, we

27、can learn that multitaskers usually_.A. drive very skillfullyB. go in for different tasksC. fail to react quickly to potential dangersD. refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior高三英語閱讀理解-細(xì)節(jié)理解（掃讀法）解題、主旨大意（查找、歸納法）解題高三英語閱讀理解-細(xì)節(jié)理解（掃讀法）解題、主旨大意（查找、歸納法）解題參考答案：導(dǎo)入：高考英語閱讀理解考綱關(guān)于閱讀理解部分考綱要求：閱讀部分 要求考生能讀懂書、

28、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）理解主旨要義；（2）理解文4中具體信息；（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義；（4）做出判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。高考英語閱讀理解常見的設(shè)題形式有： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞意猜測題、主旨大意題。閱讀理解的考題分為客觀理解題 Facts（文章中客觀存在的事實，客觀題的答案一般都可以在原文中找到，即文中的具體事實或者抽象概念。）和主觀理解題（Opinions）（這類問題不可能直接從原文中找到答案，需要通過閱讀文章對文章主旨和深層含義有更深的理解，并據(jù)此進(jìn)

29、行判斷和推理。）今天主要處理的是細(xì)節(jié)理解（掃讀法）解題、主旨大意（歸納法）解題。閱讀策略：主旨大意（查找、歸納法）解題一篇文章一般表達(dá)一個中心或主題。這個中心或主題通常用一個句子來概括，此句叫主題句，這類題主要考查讀者把握全文內(nèi)容或理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析歸納文章段落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征、寫作特點的能力。一般說來說明文和議論文都有主題句，而且多位于文章的開頭，有時也位于文章的中間或末尾。但有時不能直接在文章中直接找到主題句，在弄清段與段之間邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上自己歸納總結(jié)。主題句必須能簡潔明了地概括全文的主要內(nèi)容，具有高度的綜合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是對主題句的進(jìn)一步的解釋、

30、說明、論證或拓展。常見的主旨大意題的考查形式：The text is mainly about _.The main idea/The general idea/The main purpose is _.What would be the best title /headline for the text?This article mainly tells about the story of _.What is the topic of the text?The subject discussed in this text is _.What does the second paragra

31、ph discuss?The paragraph (passage) deals with _.What is mainly discussed in the text?范例1.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the sam

32、e timewe are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.The main idea of the paragraph is _ Today the problem of environment has become moreand more serious. _.2. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something elsethat can t be bought with money. When you

33、meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you arevery happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always sayyou are happy.5The topic sentence of the paragraph is_ you should always say you are happy._3. Some people like reading, and some people like swimming. I have ma

34、ny hobbies, such asreading, skating, and traveling. In fact, different people have different hobbies. My friend Annstudies very hard. So her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves workingwith her hands, and his hobby is gardening.The main idea of the paragraph is _ In fact, different people

35、 have different hobbies._.4.Going green seems to be fad(時尚)for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good orbad, we cant really say, but for the tow of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.On April22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meantdoing 365

36、 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyondeasy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different greenthings to do and this was no easy task.What might be the best title for the passage?AGoing Green. BProtecting the Planet.CK

37、eeping Open-Minded DCelebrating Our Green Year.答案解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)本文敘述了一家人環(huán)保生活的經(jīng)歷和效果，文章出現(xiàn)了出現(xiàn)了多次 going green，點名的主題，故選 A。5. 自己需要歸納總結(jié)類的主旨類閱讀理解Everyones at it, even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the worldwho hadnt done an eBay deal. So, I decided to try my hand at online auction(網(wǎng)

38、上拍賣).Buying for beginners: Sign up on www. ehay. co. uk. Most items (e. g. tables, computers,and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description; others may bemarked with “Buy It Now” and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away.If the item is being auctioned, you o

39、ffer the highest price you are prepared to pay andeBay bids (出價) for you. The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond yourhighest bid, then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to10days and when they finish you get an email telling you whethe

40、r you have won the item.How to pay: Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check thisbefore placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders. The easiest way isthrough PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card (信用).Se

41、lling made simple: If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item. Ifollowed my friends advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction, starringon a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.The big things in life: It s easy to post a small item, bu

42、t furniture is a big part of eBay andthis has to be collected or sent by deliverymen. Cheek the ways of delivery before you bid.What is the passage mainly about?A. How to make payment online.6B. Ways of making delivery onlineC. Advantages of an online-auction system.D. How to use an online-auction s

43、ystem.【點津】D 本題考察考生對文章主旨要義的理解能力。四個選項均涉及到有關(guān)短文內(nèi)容，但是通過比較其核心概念，會發(fā)現(xiàn) A 選項為支付首段， B 選項為交貨方式， C選項為系統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢，D 選項為使用方法。由此可見 A、B、C 三個選項都只涉及了短文部分內(nèi)容，不具備概括全篇的作用。D 選項包含所有內(nèi)容，能夠全面概括出短文的主旨要義。C 選項由于說話方式本身具有概括意味，具有一定的干擾。第三部分 主旨類解題歸納總結(jié)(一)經(jīng)驗總結(jié):1.把握邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，提高這方面的能力對于閱讀議論文或說明文尤為重要，在此類文章中常用某個細(xì)節(jié)來引出題目從而進(jìn)行議論，在議論的過程中可能會出現(xiàn)一些論據(jù)或細(xì)節(jié)描述，這部分常被

44、設(shè)置為此類試題的干擾項。2.找準(zhǔn)主題句，主題句通常在文章句首，句中或句末，主題句表達(dá)中心思想，起主導(dǎo)作用，閱讀時要對容易出現(xiàn)主題句的地方特別注意。(二)主旨大意題的錯誤選項有一下特點：1.以偏蓋全。只是局部信息或者是一句沒有展開論述的話。2.過于籠統(tǒng)。即歸納的主題太寬泛，與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或者是沒有對細(xì)節(jié)加以充分論述。3. 把觀點強加于作者。讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識對文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的見解。4.無關(guān)信息，即在文章中沒有提到或者是找不到語言依據(jù)的信息。當(dāng)堂檢測反饋：主旨大意（查找、歸納法）解題經(jīng)典應(yīng)用People who multitask all the time may be the wors

45、t at doing two things at once, a newresearch suggests. The findings, based on performances and self-evaluation by about 275college students, indicate that manypeople multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easilydistracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity. And

46、 “those people turn out to be the worst athandling different things,” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to reporthow often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how se

47、nsation-seeking(尋求刺激) or imperative (沖動)they were. They then evaluated the participants multitaskingability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematicalcalculations while remembering a set of letters.7Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they w

48、ere better than average atmultitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using acellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequentlydeal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actualmulti

49、tasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsivebehavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.“People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity, but because theyredistractible, and they get sucked into things that a

50、re not as important.” Sanbonmatsu said.Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not amember of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find outwhether people who start out less focused toward multitasking or whether peoplesrecognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.The findings do suggest, however, why the sensation-seeker who multitask the most mayenjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to riskysituations.” said Paul Atchley, another r