高中英語 Unit3《Inventors and inventions》(1)Grammar 課件 新人教選修8

1、2021/8/11 星期三1 Unit 3Inventors and inventions2021/8/11 星期三2Grammar動詞-ed形式作定語動詞-ed形式作表語動詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語2021/8/11 星期三3 過去分詞作定語往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊, 漸漸地成為一個復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞 (the Participle Adjective), 實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于一個單純的形容詞, 除表示“完成”的動作之外, 還表示“被動”的意義。如： spoken English (英語口語)； iced beer (冰凍啤酒)；一、動詞-ed形式作定語 2021/8/11 星期三4 coo

2、ked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆條); 但要注意不及物動詞的過去分詞常表示“完成”的動作, 而不表示“被動”意義。如: boiled water(開水); fallen leaves(落葉) ; the risen sun(升起的太陽)等。2021/8/11 星期三5 1. The tall man is a returned student 高個子的那個人是個歸國留學(xué)生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教師。 2021/8/11 星期三6(1)前置定語 單個的動詞-ed形式,一般放在被修飾的名詞的

3、前面, 作前置定語。 The excited people rushed into building. 激動的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。 (=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again 虛度的時光, 無法挽回。 (=time which is lost) 2021/8/11 星期三7(2)后置定語 少數(shù)單個動詞的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定語。 1. Everything used should be marked 所有用過的東西應(yīng)該做好標(biāo)記。 2. Among the invited were some l

4、adies 被邀請的人中, 有些是女士。 3. The books left are for my students 剩下的書是給我的學(xué)生的。 2021/8/11 星期三8 動詞-ed形式短語作定語時, 通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面, 在意思上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語用來表示被動,可改為帶被動語態(tài)的定語從句;不及物動詞的過去分詞(僅限于單個過去分詞,且不能后置)則表示完成,可改為帶有完成時態(tài)的定語從句。 2021/8/11 星期三91. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活動嗎? (=that has been plan

5、ned for tonight)2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success 這次會議有很多人出席, 開得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people)2021/8/11 星期三10 3.We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled )and went on with our work. 我們喝了一些開水后就繼續(xù)工作。注意: 這里的過去分詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)是被修飾的詞, 改為定語從句時關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)與之一致。2021/8/11 星期三11高考

6、題Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) A.invited B. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written2021/

7、8/11 星期三123) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全國春） A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying2

8、021/8/11 星期三13 5) Mr. Smith,_ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. (2003 北京春) A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring2021/8/11 星期三14 過去分詞作表語并無“完成”或“被動”之意，而是表示主語的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后, 他顯得很憂慮。When we heard of it, we were deeply move

9、d當(dāng)我們聽到這件事時, 被深深地感動了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea 聽到這個想法, 他似乎很高興。 二、動詞-ed形式作表語 2021/8/11 星期三15常見的作表語的過去分詞有:amused(愉快的)； broken(碎了的)；closed(關(guān)閉的)； astonished(吃驚的)；crowded(擁擠的)； experienced(有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的); delighted(高興的)； lost(丟失的)；gone(遺失的)； disappointed(失望的)；worried(擔(dān)憂的)； interested(感興趣的) tired(疲勞的)

10、pleased(高興的)；satisfied(滿意的)； surprised(吃驚的); married(已婚的)； known(著名的) 等等 2021/8/11 星期三16 作表語的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等所修飾。 I was very pleased at the news 聽了這消息我很高興。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厭倦這工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 聽了這想法他似乎很高興。 2021/8/11 星期三17Cleaning women in big citie

11、s usually get _ by the hour. (NMET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed高考題2021/8/11 星期三183) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. (2004 上海)

12、 A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 2021/8/11 星期三19三、動詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 能用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的過去分詞一般都是及物動詞,表示被動意義或已完成意義,有時候兩者兼而有之。作賓語補(bǔ)足語的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。2021/8/11 星期三20 She found the door broken in when she came back 她回來時發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門而人。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt 我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。 Wil

13、l you please make yourself heard to us, please? 請你大聲點(diǎn)讓我們都聽到你說的話, 好嗎？2021/8/11 星期三21 少數(shù)不及物動詞的過去分詞用作賓補(bǔ)時, 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作完成后的狀態(tài). They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 當(dāng)他們醒來時, 發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的客人都走了。2021/8/11 星期三22動詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的基本用法 動詞的-ed形式可以在“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”句型中充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 動詞-ed形式和它前面的賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。如果這種句子改為被動語

14、態(tài),原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語變成了主語補(bǔ)足語。2021/8/11 星期三23 1. I must get my bike repaired 我必須請人修理自行車。 (賓語補(bǔ)足語) 2. The girl was found beaten black and blue 人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。 (主語補(bǔ)足語) 2021/8/11 星期三24(1)動詞-ed形式可作表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語,這類動詞包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。We thought the game lost我們認(rèn)為

15、球賽輸了。2021/8/11 星期三25 I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我從未聽過有人說他的壞話。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她覺得心里輕松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他們認(rèn)為這問題解決了。2021/8/11 星期三26 (2) 動詞-ed形式可作使役動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語, 這類動詞包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每個月

16、理一次發(fā)。 He was trying to make himself understood 他正努力使別人聽懂自己。2021/8/11 星期三27 She held her hands pressed against her face. 她用雙手按著臉。 2021/8/11 星期三28 (請人)把某事做完。 She had her house repaired 她請人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪兒理的發(fā)? “have+賓語+done”結(jié)構(gòu)有三個含義：2021/8/11 星期三29 遭遇某種意外情況。 He had his hat

17、blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的錢包被偷了。2021/8/11 星期三30 完成某事 (自己也可能參與)。 I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼寫錯誤都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年已存了1000元。 2021/8/11 星期三31 (3) 動詞-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語，這類動詞包括like

18、，want, wish, expect, order等”這一類動詞的后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting 他不喜歡在會議上討論這樣的問題。2021/8/11 星期三32 The students wish the TV serial plays continued 學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。 (4) 過去分詞用在“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

19、 小偷被帶進(jìn)來了, 雙手被反綁在后面。 2021/8/11 星期三33 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden 周圍種了許多色彩鮮艷的花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花園。 2021/8/11 星期三341) Good morning. Can I help you? Id like to have this package _, madam. (MET89) A. be weighed B. to be weighed C.

20、to weigh D. weighed高考題2021/8/11 星期三352) The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. (NMET94) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. played3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (NMET2000) A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out2021/8

21、/11 星期三364) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. (上海1999) A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired2021/8/11 星期三37Exercises 1. Is this the bike which you wish to have _? A. repaired it B. repairing C. repair D. repaired.單項選擇：2021/8/11 星

22、期三38 2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company (明尼蘇達(dá)州礦業(yè)與制造公司 ), _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 2021/8/11 星期三39 3. From the dates _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having

23、 been marked2021/8/11 星期三40 4. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked _ in it. A. losing B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 5. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry2021/8/11 星期三41 6. With _

24、leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried2021/8/11 星期三42 7. She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking8. Friendship is like money easier made than _. A

25、. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept2021/8/11 星期三43 9. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known2021/8/11 星期三44 10. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door _. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving

26、; unlocking C. left; unlocking D. to leave; unlocking2021/8/11 星期三45 11. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks2021/8/11 星期三46 12. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that ni

27、ght. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded2021/8/11 星期三47 13. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared2021/8/11 星期三48 14. _ time, hell make a first class tennis player. A. Having

28、 given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 15. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. To lose C. Lost D. Having lost 2021/8/11 星期三49 16. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding

29、2021/8/11 星期三50.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語動詞填空： 1. John Snow told the story about the _ (astonish) people in Broad Street. 2. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldnt come. 3. There is a car _ (park) outside the house. astonishedinvitedparked2021/8/11 星期三514. The experience _ (gain) will be of great value to us.5. These seats are _ (reserve) for you.6. The library is _ (