醫(yī)學(xué)英語課件資料：An Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine

1、An Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccinein Healthy Children文獻簡要介紹手足口?。?？手足口病：多發(fā)生于5歲以下兒童，表現(xiàn)口痛、厭食、低 熱、手、足、口腔等部位出現(xiàn)小皰疹或小潰瘍。多數(shù)患兒一周自愈。病原體：coxsackievirus A16（Cox A16） enterovirus 71（EV 71）并發(fā)癥： 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)并發(fā)；無細菌性腦膜炎 呼吸系統(tǒng)并發(fā)：肺水腫 循環(huán)系統(tǒng)并發(fā)：心肌炎檢查：咽拭子或糞便標(biāo)本PCR、測序鑒定病毒臨床相似病：單純皰疹性口炎:由單純皰疹病毒引起，但沒有手、足部皰疹疹。 皰疹性咽頰炎:主要由柯薩奇病毒引起，病變在口腔后

2、部； 疫苗研究：時間：2012年3月2013年2月地點：廣西 七個縣人物：12000名 6至71月年齡段嬰兒實驗設(shè)計： 1、全體分為vaccine group/placebo group，接種兩次，觀察11個月，統(tǒng)計出現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng)數(shù)量。 2、挑選亞組評估vaccine immunogenicity初次注射后第56天和180天是否出現(xiàn)EV71抗體。實驗結(jié)果：EV71：155例coxA16：102例嚴重病例：2例死亡：2例疫苗免疫效率：intention-to-treatment analysis： 97.4%per-protocal analysis：97.3%對coxA16無效。結(jié)論：疫苗對EV

3、71免疫效果顯著臨床試驗中的醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯李思奕 201201038phase clinical trial healthy vonlunteer, exploration of pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, toxicityphase clinical trial preliminary evaluation of efficacy and safetyphase clinical trial further assessment of benefit and hazard, promoting approval and marketing, large s

4、ample capacity-phase clinical trial monitoring efficacy and adverse events after entering the market, more indication(適應(yīng)癥) seroconversion 血清轉(zhuǎn)化，血清陽轉(zhuǎn)：機體的免疫系統(tǒng)在受到抗原刺激后會產(chǎn)生抗體，將血清中無法檢測到抗體至剛好能夠檢測到抗體的這個點定義為血清轉(zhuǎn)換點。immunogenicity 免疫原性：是指能夠刺激機體形成特異抗體或致敏淋巴細胞的能力。即指抗原能刺激特定的免疫細胞，使免疫細胞活化、增殖、分化，最終產(chǎn)生免疫效應(yīng)物質(zhì)抗體和致敏淋巴細胞的特性。

5、titer 滴度：仍能產(chǎn)生陽性結(jié)果的最大稀釋度（ titrate ）。papular&vesicular rush 丘疹&皰疹。 herpes皰疹，皰疹病毒科病毒所致疾病febrile 發(fā)熱的，febrile infectious diseasenausea 惡心，反胃；SYN sicchasiaanorexia 厭食，食欲不振；orexiairritability 易怒； 應(yīng)激性drowsiness 嗜睡；SYN somnolence 統(tǒng)計學(xué)詞匯介紹林 敏201201024“Over the course of two epidemic seasons, the vaccine effica

6、cy was 97.4% (95% confidence interval CI, 92.9 to 99.0) according to the intention-to-treat analysis and 97.3% (95% CI, 92.6 to 99.0) according to the perprotocol analysis.”Confidence interval CI 置信區(qū)間Intention-to-treat analysis 意向治療分析Perprotocol analysis 符合方案數(shù)據(jù)分析“Over the course of two epidemic seas

7、ons, the vaccine efficacy was 97.4% (95% confidence interval CI, 92.9 to 99.0) according to the intention-to-treat analysis and 97.3% (95% CI, 92.6 to 99.0) according to the perprotocol analysis.”Confidence interval CI 置信區(qū)間Intention-to-treat analysis 意向治療分析Perprotocol analysis 符合方案數(shù)據(jù)分析“Over the cour

8、se of two epidemic seasons, the vaccine efficacy was 97.4% (95% confidence interval CI, 92.9 to 99.0) according to the intention-to-treat analysis and 97.3% (95% CI, 92.6 to 99.0) according to the perprotocol analysis.”Confidence interval CI 置信區(qū)間Intention-to-treat analysis 意向治療分析Perprotocol analysis

9、 符合方案數(shù)據(jù)分析名詞、形容詞詞根201201036于怡蓓后綴-icPertaining to ?1. 加綴在名詞后面構(gòu)成形容詞，表示of（與.有關(guān)的），having the nature of （有.性質(zhì)的），being（是.的）；made up of （由.組成的）；made or caused by （由.引起的）；like （像.的）。2. 表示an art or system of thought（藝術(shù)，學(xué)術(shù)），或者 a person connected with （與.有關(guān)的人）。順便指出，當(dāng)-ic 充當(dāng)名詞后綴時，對應(yīng)的形容詞往往由-ical結(jié)尾。epidemic：epidemi

10、（流行?。?+ ic epidemi encephalitis 流行性乙型腦炎Epidemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children have emerged recently in Asia which typically show two peak epidemic incidenceseach yearIncidence：發(fā)生率，流行性的發(fā)生率 / 流行病發(fā)生率pandemic：pandem（傳染病）+ic 名詞：流行性疾病 形容詞：全國流行的the vaccine was prepared from an EV71 strain o

11、f genotype C4 isolated during a pandemic.后綴-ance ：抽象名詞后綴，表示狀態(tài)、情況、性質(zhì)、行為a suffix used to form nouns either from adjectives in -ant or from verbs- surveillance：surveil（監(jiān)視，監(jiān)測）+ ance = 監(jiān)測（名詞）A health care centerbased surveillance system was set up to facilitate case-finding efforts.- significance：意義，重要性，

12、顯著性Although statistical significance was not reached 數(shù)據(jù)顯著性lost to follow-upa total of 514 participants in the vaccine group and 498 in the placebo group missed the second dose, had a protocol violation, or were lost to follow-up.-be lost to : 不再屬于所有，對無動于衷-follow-up：后續(xù)的；增補的（形容詞） 隨訪；跟進；后續(xù)行動（名詞） 失去后續(xù)跟進

13、詞例補充郭智瑋 201201050Solicitvt.& vi.征求; 懇求; 提起reports of the local and systemic reactions were solicited and recorded daily on diary cardsAny other symptoms or signs were recorded as unsolicited symptoms or signs.unsolicited adj.未被懇求的，主動提供的SolicitTo seek to obtain by persuasion, entreaty, or formal appl

14、ication 以勸說、懇求或申請的方式獲得These unsolicited adverse events were reported either spontaneously or when subjects were questioned about any changes in their health post-vaccination.A 15-day follow-up period will be observed for general symptoms solicited in the study (fever, fussiness/irritability, diarrhe

15、a, vomiting, loss of appetite and cough/runny nose). A 43-day follow-up will be observed for other unsolicited symptoms/ct/gui/show/NCT00134732Solicitsolicited symptoms研究者會對藥物的不良反應(yīng)進行估計確定出一個可能常常出現(xiàn)的癥狀的清單在試驗的隨訪中，可以直接詢問日記卡記錄試驗日記unsolicited symptoms在solicited symptoms之外主動訴說癥狀一般未考慮到的、少見的不良事件SolicitSolicit

16、ed or unsolicited adverse events 征集性或非征集性不良反應(yīng)The safety observation included close monitoring for immediate adverse events after each injection, and reports of the local and systemic reactions were solicited and recorded daily on diary cards until 7 days after each injection (see the Supplementary A

17、ppendix). Any other symptoms or signs occurring during a 28-day follow-up period after each injection were recorded as unsolicited symptoms or signs.安全觀察包括密切檢測每次注射后立即產(chǎn)生的不良反應(yīng)，注射后7日內(nèi)需每日詢問可能出現(xiàn)的局部不良反應(yīng)和全身不良反應(yīng)報告，并作為征集性不良反應(yīng)記錄在日記卡上（詳見附錄）。注射28日后的隨訪期中出現(xiàn)的任何其他癥狀或體征將作為非征集性不良反應(yīng)進行記錄Withdrawal移開; 撤回，撤退，撤開; 收回，取回，撤回

18、;The withdrawal rate was 8.4% 498 in the placebo group missed the second dose, had a protocol violation, or were lost to follow-up.withdrawal rate 醫(yī) 拉速WithdrawalThe withdrawal of something is the act or process of removing it, or ending it 撤回、結(jié)束某項事情的動作或過程The median treatment duration of 2.8 and 4.0

19、months was longer with sorafenib/placebo, which reflected the percentage of patients withdrawing after completing one or fewer treatment cycles; the withdrawal rate was 34.0% in the sorafenib/erlotinib arm compared with 23.8% with sorefenib/placebo.Withdrawalcochrane handbookWithdrawalWithdrawal 脫落

20、drop-out病人自行退出（療效太差，不良反應(yīng)等）失訪研究者令其退出（依從性差，嚴重合并癥和并發(fā)癥，嚴重不良事件）雖然完成試驗，但服藥量不在應(yīng)服量的80%-120%范圍內(nèi)泄盲或緊急揭盲的病例Withdrawalwithdrawal rate 脫落率，退出率From March 2012 through February 2013, all the participants were monitored for hand, foot, and mouth disease after receipt of the study agent. The withdrawal rate was 8.4%

21、; a total of 514 participants in the vaccine group and 498 in the placebo group missed the second dose, had a protocol violation, or were lost to follow-up. After the exclusion of 5 children in the vaccine group and 3 in the placebo group who did not meet the age criteria, 5481 children in the vacci

22、ne group and 5499 in the placebo group were included in the per-protocol analysis.再談翻譯技巧劉曼歌201201072英語的時間地點狀語一般在句尾Epidemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children have emerged recently in Asia.漢語一般時間狀語在最前，之后為地點狀語，最后是句子的主體最近，亞洲出現(xiàn)了手足口病疫情。 The level of EV71-specific neutralizing antibodies was measured in serum samples by means of a microneutralization assay on Vero cells grown in 96-well plates with the use of a standard viral s