OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢

1、AMOLED Material TrendsNPD DisplaySearchFPD部材市場擔當 Jimmy Kim, Ph.D.OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第1頁ContentsAMOLED Material Technology ReviewAMOLED Material Market ForecastAMOLED Material Industry and Supply ChainAnalysis of AMOLED Panel Manufacturing Cost2OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第2頁AMOLED Material Technology ReviewOLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第3頁AMO

2、LED Multi-Layer StructureTypically AMOLED has vertically stacking multi-layer structure. Layers can be categorized as two types by their functions.Emission layer(EML)Carrier transport layer(HIL/HTL/EIL/ETL) : Called as “Common layer” Schematic Diagram of OLED Layer Structure SubstrateLayerDescriptio

3、nEIL Ionic Metal compounds; LiF, Li-qProtect the interface of ETLPromote the injection from the cathodeETLHeterocyclic Aryl Compound; hydroxyquinoline aluminium(Al-q3), naphthaphenylbenzidene(NPB), BCPFacilitate the passage of conduction electrons from the cathode to the EMLBlock holes from EML by n

4、-type dopingEMLHost : Arylene, Arylamine, Heterocyclic compoundDopant(Fl.): Conjugated Aryl, Heterocyclic compound (Ph.): Ir/Pt/Eu metal complexEmit light with the desired colorTypically consist of dopant and hostHTLAryl amine related materials ; triphenyldiamine(TPD), naphthaphenylbenzidene(NPB)Tra

5、nsfer holes from the anode to the EMLBlock electrons from EML by p-type dopingHILCuPc, Aryl amine, Charge generating compoundFacilitate hole injection from the anode BLUE4OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第4頁Characterization of EMLEmission Color: Red / Green / Blue / White(YG)Molecular mass: Small Molecule / Polymer(Large

6、 Molecule)Material Function: Host / DopantEmission type: Phosphorescence(Ph.) / Fluorescence(Fl.)Red/Green/Blue/YGEmission MaterialsSmall MoleculePolymer(Large Molecule)DopantHostDopantHostFluorescent(Fl.)Phosphorescent(Ph.)Fluorescent(Fl.)Phosphorescent(Ph.)5OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第5頁OLED color patterning meth

7、od strongly depends on molecular mass and solubility.Small Molecule & Polymer: Color Patterning ProcessSmall MoleculePolymerThermal EvaporationLaser TransferWhite / Color Filter(CF)RGB Mobile / Fine Metal Mask(FMM)Laser induced thermal imaging(LITI)Radiation induced sublimation transfer(RIST)Laser i

8、nduced pattern-wise sublimation(LIPS)Solution ProcessCoatingInkjet PrintingNozzle PrintingRelief/Gravure PrintingRGB TV / Small Mask Scanning(SMS)6OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第6頁Various OLED Color Patterning ProcessesFMM, SMS and White/CF are currently adopted for commercial manufacturing.ProcessFMMSMSWhite/CFLITIIn

9、kjet PrintingNozzle PrintingSchematic DiagramMaterial TypeSMSMSMSMPolymerSoluble SMPolymerSoluble SMPolymerPattern Width15 m2.5 m2.5 m2.5 m10 m10 mResolution250ppi300-400ppi300-400ppi300-400ppi200ppi200ppiAperture Ratio40-50%50-60%60-70%70-80%60%60%AdvantageVerified (currently in MP)Almost verified:

10、 Upgraded FMM for Large-area & High-resolutionLarge-area & High-resolutionSuperior productivityLarge-area & High-resolutionMulti-layerLarge-areaMax material utilizationLarge-areaMax material utilizationIssuesLarge-area & High-resolution; Mask sagging, AlignmentMask sagging issue is still not fully c

11、leared.Additional CF processInferior color gamutLow efficiencyNo suitable blue phosphorDonor film costDelamination issue Poor material performanceLimited material supplierPoor material performanceLimited material supplier(SM: Small Molecule)7OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第7頁4 types of exciton levels: 1 exciton of anti

12、-symmetric spin + 3 excitons of symmetric spinsFluorescence: Emission only from singlet exciton Emission Probability 25%; 1 singlet / (1 singlet + 3 triplets)Phosphorescence: Emission from all excitons, enabled by heavy-metal(Ir) atoms Emission Probability 100%Fluorescence & Phosphorescence: Emissio

13、n MechanismSinglet exciton (anti-symmetric spin)Triplet excitons (symmetric spins)Fluorescence(Lights only from singlet exciton)Phosphorescence(Lights from all exciton levels)8OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第8頁Fluorescent & Phosphorescent: Emission Efficiency & MaterialsPhosphorescent EMLs show superior efficiencies to

14、 most fluorescent EMLs. Blue phosphorescent materials are still under development. Main hurdle is its short lifetime, less than 1,000hrs to 95% of initial luminance.Fluorescence (Fl.)Phosphorescence (Ph.)Theoretical Efficiency Limit25% (1/4)100% (4/4)Typical Efficiency*R8-11cd/A29-30cd/A*G15-35cd/A8

15、5cd/A*B6-11cd/A50cd/A*Dopant materialsConjugated Aryl, Heterocyclic compounds Red : DCJTB, DCM2 Green : Coumarin C6, C545T Blue : Styrylamene(SA), spiro-DPVBiHeavy-metal(Ir/Pt/Eu/Os) complexes Red : PtOEP, Ir(bt)2(acac) Green : Ir(ppy)3 Blue : FIr(ppy), FIr(pic)(* : Collected in several makers prese

16、ntations )9OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第9頁Evolution of AMOLED Pixel StructuresHigh ppi RGB panels can be obtained with Ph. green EMLs Ph. Green pixel area of Galaxy-S4 becomes smaller apparently when compared with previous Galaxy models Fl. Green pixels.ModelGalaxy S3Galaxy Note2Galaxy S4Pixel ImagePixel LayoutPenti

17、le (RG/BG)S-Stripe (RGB)Diamond (RGB)Size4.8”5.5”5.0”Resolution1280 x 7201280 x 7201920 x 1080Pixel Density306 ppi267 ppi400 ppiEML TypeRPhosphorescentPhosphorescentPhosphorescentGFluorescentFluorescentPhosphorescentBFluorescentFluorescentFluorescent10OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第10頁Can Phosphorescence Solve AMOLEDs

18、 Power Issue?As a self-emissive display, AMOLEDs power is very sensitive to color & brightness.Brighter image: More amount of current injectedWhite images : All color pixels receiving current.AMOLED phones typically adopt black as its default background color. Supposed that Power is still AMOLEDs cr

19、itical issue. Brightness% of Pixel onSelf- emissive display power curvePower ConsumptionAMOLED Black background defaultLCD White background defaultPower Consumption11OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第11頁UDCs PHOLEDTM vs. LCD(Source : UDC, )When only Ph. Red EML is applied, (ex. Galaxy-S3, Galaxy-Note2)40% on: 110% of LCD

20、 power 100% on: 200% of LCD powerWhen Ph. Red & Green EML is applied, (ex. Galaxy-S4)40% on: 80% of LCD power100% on: 200% of LCD power Target of All-color Ph. EML 40% on: 40% of LCD Power100% on: 100% of LCD Power Even Ph. OLED is less efficient than LCD, but Full-pixel dimming will be the solution

21、.12OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第12頁RGB AMOLED vs. White-C/F AMOLED(WOLED)Vertically double-stacking of blue and YG EML in WOLED structure HTLs and ETLs are doubledRequire large amount of common layer materials for double processes RGB OLED Structure WOLED Structure SubstrateR C/FG C/FB C/FHILHTL1BLUE EMLETL1n/p-CGLH

22、TL2YG (Yellow-Green) EMLETL2EILCATHODEANODEBLUEB C/F13OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第13頁AMOLED Material Market ForecastOLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第14頁OLED TV Panel Shipment is Expected to be Small. OLED TV shipments will be restricted under 1M until , less than 1% portion.15OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第15頁TV Will Become More Important due to its Larg

23、e Panel AreaOLED TV shipments will account for 2% in and 17% in . OLED material demand will be mainly affected by panel area demand.TV will be the major application in OLED material market for its large panel area.16OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第16頁OLED Material Market Forecast: TV will be more dominantUntil , most o

24、f OLED material revenue is mainly from mobile phone.TV will share 37% in and be the major application in , helped byIncreasing panel area demand portion due to large panel areaMore material consumption for unit area panel production due to low yield17OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第17頁Quarterly OLED Material Market For

25、ecast by ApplicationHigher growth rate during 1H13, with the launch of Galaxy-S4 Material supply for TV increasing in 1H13, with LG & Samsungs OLED TV launch Reach over 30% of total material revenue in Q11418OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第18頁OLED Material Market Forecast by TypeOLED material market will be $529M in ,

26、and $3,437M in , CAGR 67%.As major application is shifting from mobile phone to TV,In , Red EML accounts for 42%, HTL/HIL 26% of total marketIn , HTL/HIL accounts for 34%, White(YG) EML 17% of total market19OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第19頁Quarterly OLED Material Market Forecast by TypeHTL/HIL and White(YG) EML mater

27、ial revenue starts to increase in Q113 Supposed to be mainly helped by LG & Samsungs OLED TV launch20OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第20頁AMOLED Material Industry and Supply ChainOLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第21頁Worldwide OLED Material Makers ProfilesMost makers are located at Korea and Japan, near to main AMOLED panel suppliers.22Company

28、Business AreaTechnical BasisCompany WebsiteOriginNameEML HostEML DopantETL/EILHTL/HILFl.Ph.Small MoleculeLarge MoleculeRGBYGKoreaDoosan Elec.Duksan Hi-metalwww.hi-metal.co.krLG Chem.www.lgchem.co.krSamsung CheilSFCJapanHodogaya Chem.www.hodogaya.co.jpIdemitsu KosanChisso(JNC)www.jnc-corp.co.jpMitsub

29、ishi Chem.www.m-kagaku.co.jpNSCSumitomo Chem.(CDT)www.sumitomo-chem.co.jp/pled/ www.cdtltd.co.ukTorayToyo Inkwww.toyoink.jpUSADow Chem.Dupont/OLED/en_US/index.htmlUDCGermanyMerckNovaledOLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第22頁Supply Chain of Emission Materials for Samsung DisplayDow, SFC and Doosan are the main venders for R

30、, G, B hosts.UDC is almost monopolizing phosphorescent dopant supply. Galaxy-S4 is expected to increase use of UDCs green Ph. dopant and Dows host.OriginNameMaterial TypeRed (Ph.)Blue (Fl.)Green (Fl. + Ph.)HostDopantHostDopantHostDopantKoreaDoosan Elec.Fl.Ph.Duksan Hi-metalPh.*Samsung CheilPh.SFCFl.

31、JapanIdemitsu KosanFl.JNC (Chisso)Fl.USAUDCPh.Dow Chem.Fl.Ph.* : OEM Production licensed by UDC (: 1st vender, : 2nd vender, : 3rd and R&D vender, Fl.:Fluorescent, Ph.:Phosphorescent)23OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第23頁Supply Chain of Common Materials for Samsung DisplayDow and Duksan are the main venders for ETL/EIL

32、and HTL/HILNovaled is supplying its unique PIN dopant for electron/hole blocking layer.OriginNameETL/EILHTL/HILPIN DopantKoreaDoosan Elec.Duksan Hi-metalLG Chem.Samsung CheilJapanIdemitsu KosanUSADow Chem.GermanyNovaledMerck(: 1st vender, : 2nd vender, : 3rd and R&D vender) 24OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第24頁Supply C

33、hain of Emission Materials for LG DisplayIdemitsu Kosan is the main vender for blue host and trying to penetrate into YG hosts supply chain. UDC is also monopolizing Ph. dopant supply for LGD. UDC and Merck is the main vender for YG EML. OriginNameMaterial TypeBlue (Fl.)YG (Ph.)HostDopantHostDopantJ

34、apanIdemitsu KosanFl.Ph.JNC (Chisso)Fl.USAUDCPh.GermanyMerckPh.(: 1st vender, : 2nd vender, : 3rd and R&D vender, Fl.:Fluorescent, Ph.:Phosphorescent) 25OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第25頁Supply Chain of Common Materials for LG DisplayIdemitsu Kosan is also the main venders for common layer materials, covering almost a

35、ll materials supply chain for LGD.LG Chemical and Toray is supplying p-type CGL and n-type CGL, respectively. Novaled is newly promoting their materials for next generation models.OriginNameETL/EILHTL/HILCGL(PIN Dopant)KoreaDuksan Hi-metalLG Chem.JapanHodogaya Chem.Idemitsu KosanTorayUSADow Chem.Ger

36、manyNovaledMerck(: 1st vender, : 2nd vender, : 3rd and R&D vender) 26OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第26頁Recent Patent Acquisitions and M&As ActivitiesPatent AcquisitionM&ABuyerSellerYearRelated Technology & InfoGOT(J/V of LG & Idemitsu) - LGD 33% - LGE 33% - Idemitsu Kosan 32% - LG Chem. 2%KodakWhite OLED with color fi

37、lter designFluorescent OLED materialsOLED lighting and OLED manufacturing methodUDCFuji FilmBroad classes of phosphorescent OLED materials related with Ir and PtHigh efficiency & long lifetime OLED device structureUDCMotorolaEnabled UDC to stop paying royalty for 74 patents from MotorolaBuyerSellerY

38、earRelated Technology & InfoSumitomo Chem.CDTLarge molecule phosphorescent OLED materialsDow ChemicalRohm&Haas(Gracel)Dow entered OLED market by acquiring Rohm&Haas.Fluorescent EML materials Phosphorescent host materials.Hodogaya Chem.SFCHodogaya became the major shareholder of SFC. Blue fluorescent

39、 EML materials.Samsung Cheil or Doosan Elec.NovaledUnder Progress- Still in rumor. Anything is not decided yet.- PIN OLED dopant materials27OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第27頁Will be Ph. Dopants Free for Use?Legal decision of invalidation for some of UDCs patents were issued in Japan Similar series of trials are under

40、progress in Japan and Europe now. May lead to shrink the coverage of UDCs Ph. dopant patentsUDCs recent acquisition of Fujis patents is supposed to be related with it.Issued Patent#Related PatentsRelated Technology & InfoCurrent StatusJP3992929US6830828US6920830US7001536US7291406US7537844US7883787EP

41、1449238Red/Green phosphorescent dopant of metal complexes of formula L2MX Ir(ppy)3Final decision made by Japanese Supreme Court(May 16,)Partially invalid for claim 1-3Only direct Ir(ppy)-family compounds are valid and the broader set of material claims became invalid.JP4511024US6303238US6579632US687

42、2477US7279235US7279237US7488542US7563519US7901795EP1394870Red phosphorescent dopant of metal complexesPtOEPCurrently being reviewed by Japanese Supreme Court1st decision made by JPO(May 10,)Partially invalid for claim 1-4Only direct PtOEP-family compounds are valid and the broader set of material cl

43、aims became invalid.28OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第28頁Analysis of AMOLED Material Cost AnalysisOLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第29頁Ideal cost: $252 Yielded cost: $960 in Q213 : x3.8 Cost up due to low yieldIdeal cost: $227 Yielded cost: $532 in Q115 : x2.3 Cost upYield improvement is most important for TVs cost down.Material Cost Foreca

44、st for White-Type 55”FHD TV45%(OLED materials include only EML material, common material and C/F layer)30OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第30頁Cost Comparison: RGB vs. White for 55”FHD TVCurrently, WOLED is expected to have low cost for TVs due to relatively high yield.WOLED : Total manufacturing $3,138, Material $960RGB

45、OLED: Total manufacturing $6,109, Material $1,961Common materials portion for WOLED is higher due to double stack structure.C/Fs portion is negligible. (for Q213)RGB OLED(Total $6,109)White OLED(Total $3,138)Non-material Cost : Labor cost, Indirect expense, Depreciation cost, etc.31OLED材料的發(fā)展趨勢第31頁Material Cost Forecast for RGB-Type 7.7”(1280X800) Tablet PCIdeal cost: $6.0 Yielded cost: $8.5 in Q213 : x1.4 Cost up due to low yieldIdeal cost: $5.5 Yielded cost: $7.4 in Q115 : x1.3 Cost upYield is still not high, but not as crit