高中化學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)談

1、高中化學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)談（ High school chemistry review）The TXT bee is busy all day and is praised. The mosquitoes keep on running, and people call. It doesnt matter how busy you are, why its important to be busy. Chemistry review of college entrance examination collection of online articles 1. The chemical review of

2、 college entrance examination should grasp the basic knowledge The chemical review of college entrance examination should be based on teaching materials, especially basic knowledge. But not only the textbook knowledge simply repeat, and should have three years or even a junior high school chemistry

3、knowledge restructuring, integration, and produce new knowledge on the original knowledge, so as to accomplish achieve mastery through a comprehensive study of organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry. Many examinee cheated in the past do not take the chemical based on the review of blindly pursuin

4、g problems, distracting, as a result, the devil is in the nest, looks very simple question, often one false move may lose the game because of a neglected details. It can be seen that in the cultivation and improvement of the pursuit of competence, the basic and applied knowledge of knowledge, as wel

5、l as the expansion of knowledge, cannot be ignored or ignored. 2. Attach importance to the structure and integrity of backbone knowledge Due to the comprehensive examinations in disciplines has become the main direction of the proposition, therefore, should be paid attention to when reviewing in the

6、 chemical content before and after the mutual penetration, the ability to improve their combined with more knowledge to answer the question. In fact, the college entrance examination is not only an isolated knowledge point, but a flexible and comprehensive application of all parts. Therefore, when r

7、eviewing chemistry, examinees should not only summarize and comb the previous reviewed contents, but also extract and sublimate some of them, and store them in the brain in an orderly manner. This structural and integrated review of the backbone knowledge not only benefits the memory of knowledge, b

8、ut also improves the ability of people to deal with problems in the process of structuring the knowledge. , for example, the hydrocarbon oxygenated derivatives of alcohol, aldehyde, the relationship between carboxylic acid, ester can constitute a network, from the network, we can not only qualitativ

9、ely from their conversion of functional groups to understand their structure and properties of the connection and difference, from type of difference quantitatively recognize the transformation between them, so as to provide basis for the inference of the organic matter. 3. Pay attention to the uniq

10、ueness of chemical review Chemistry is a subject which combines the nature of science and science and is often referred to as the liberal arts in science. It is characterized by the fact that chemistry is not a neat and complete formula, like physics, but rather a collection of scattered points of k

11、nowledge. Especially in elements and organic chemistry, there are many characteristics that are irregular, which means that chemistry cannot be separated from memory and recitation. Some of the principles and special cases of chemistry are often set by the college entrance examination group, which c

12、an cause mistakes. So its important to be familiar with your textbooks, and to keep in mind every equation, every reaction, these are clues to the future. 4. Consciously master the rules and essence of chemistry when you do the questions The so-called law and essence is the chemical principle requir

13、ed by high school chemistry. There are not many principles involved in high school chemistry, so it is not difficult to master them. The hard part is to get to the bottom of the fascinating aspect of the subject, which is that the question provides the information, This information is also related t

14、o which chemical principles, which should test your knowledge. If you are confused by a seemingly untouchable title, the more you look at it, the more confused you will be, at this point, you will have to calmly analyze and find out the nature of the problem, and the problem will be solved. Of cours

15、e, it is not enough to look at the essence, but also find the solution to solve the problem. If the principles of chemistry can be learned in the textbook, then the rules need to be summarized and summarized in the course of the study. When doing exercises, dont just do the problem, but keep summari

16、zing: which topics belong to a category; There are several ways of asking the same question, and there are several ways of thinking about it. What topics are subject to the principle, and in what form are they asked. And so on. These summaries dont have to be on paper, but often on your mind. This c

17、an be a difficult and confusing exam, but if you hang on, there will be no small gain. 5. Chemical review should pay attention to the comparison method In the chemical review, if you can apply the contrast method to review, you can get more than half the effect of the review. So what is the comparis

18、on method. The contrast method is a kind of review method that separates the concepts of easy confusion by recognizing the nature of the concept. For example to compare three acid HCl, - H2SO4, HNO3, two kinds of alkali NaOH, Ca OH 2, several kinds of elemental carbon, H2 and O2, the nature of the a

19、ir and water, etc, or a comparison of the basic concept, theory, such as review elemental and compound, pure and mixture, elements and atoms, oxidation and reduction, acidic oxides and alkaline oxide, four basic reaction type and so on, or calculation, based on the solubility of solid matter and mas

20、s percent concentration calculation comparisons, can distinguish between understanding the meaning of the concept of the two links. Also must pay attention to the comparative tests, such as preparing and collecting method of H2, O2, CO2 comparing, grasp their laboratory the feature of the principle,

21、 device, the medicine, operation steps and matters needing attention, etc. Summing up the common model of three kinds of gas preparation raw material principle, installation, operation, test method and the matters needing attention and the method of collecting gas, and so on a series of contrast, to

22、 the knowledge of the differences and relations between the more clear, clear, its good for students is to solve the problem. 6. Chemical review association method So-called association method is through an element associated with the nature or purpose of another element, or by a substance to anothe

23、r substance, using some sort of connection between them, to achieve the effect of associative memory. There are several methods, such as network association method, which form the knowledge network diagram according to the nature of metal and non-metal. Longitudinal association is to master the tran

24、sformation relationship between metal, alkaline oxide, alkali and salt, or non-metal, acidic oxide, acid and salt. Horizontal association, master metal and non-metal, metal and acid, metal and salt change relations; Or from the experimental mood to lenovo, such as reviewing H2 or C or CO to restore

25、CuO, associating with experimental steps, experimental phenomena, products, etc. It is easy to remember the reaction of the three different reducers of H2, C, and CO and the reaction of the CuO and the products and so on; Or grasp the characteristics of things to think of, such as oxidation - reduct

26、ion reaction, capturing oxygen and oxygen loss, determining the oxidant, reducing agent, oxidation reaction, reduction reaction, etc. On the one hand, it makes it easier for us to remember the same type of experiment On the other hand, and the relevant content of knowledge points. it also helps us t

27、o expand the knowledge network and kill two birds with one stone. 7. 27 common hot spots of the chemical college entrance exam Up from calendar year college entrance examination chemistry examination paper analysis, college entrance examination chemistry exam that involves the examination site has 4

28、74, but year after year in the university entrance exam questions are study or most of the year the examination site is about 27, this is the hot spots in the exam. These hot spots are more or less varied in form each year, but a big part is giving away the points, and the rest of the questions are

29、not very difficult. It is a guarantee of good grades in the college entrance examination. Suggested that schoolmates nearly five years of the university entrance exam questions carefully analysis and the experiment topic hot spots in the topic, skilled grasp the hot spots problem of the problem solv

30、ing ideas, methods, we should try to be hot spots problem difficulty zero, make themselves hot spots problem is not allowed in the college entrance examination, less loss of marks. The hot topics summarized in this paper mainly include: 1. Comparison and conversion of commonly used measures in chemi

31、stry; 2. Oxidation - the concept of reduction reaction; 3. Oxidation - the balance of the reduction reaction equation; 4. Concept and calculation of thermochemical equation; 5. Concept and calculation of pH; 6. Particle structure problem; 7. The meaning of avogadros constant; The structure of bonds

32、and crystals; 9. Periodic law and application of elements; 10. Writing of ion equations; 11. Comparison of ion concentration size; 12. Ion co-existence problem; Salt hydrolysis and application; 14. Chemical reaction rate and chemical balance; 15. Al OH 3 sex and material inspection; Inference of ele

33、ments or substances; 17. Compound calculation or solving chemical problems with mathematical tools; 18. Ionization equilibrium and ionization; 19. Calculation of solubility; 20. Concentration of solution; 21. Organic structure; 22. Combustion rules and calculation of organic matter; 23. Organic reac

34、tion equation; 24. New technology problems when the carrier asks some basic concepts and other questions; 25. Reviewing the periodic table or periodic table of new materials and new elements; Knowledge of chemical energy and environmental protection; 27. The amount of material will be used throughou

35、t the examination paper. Dont ignore every knowledge point in the exam From the analysis of the chemical test of the past years, the examination of the chemistry basic knowledge and ability of the college entrance examination is from the textbook. Part of the result good students doing difficult inf

36、erence problem, synthesis problem with ease, but one had less exposure to chemical knowledge, such as petrochemical industry, coal chemical industry, agricultural and sideline products, chemical, or are some elemental and compound color, smell, solubility and other physical properties, etc., often t

37、railing off, investigate its origin is not familiar with this part of the examinee of textbook content. Therefore, the examinee must read the textbook in the review stage, not just to see the flowers, but to read, to compare, to connect, to summarize, to remember. Every knowledge point provided by t

38、he outline should be accurate. Strive to be integrated. 9. Chemical problem solving, pay attention to three types of problems 1 to give a very high level of the known conditions, we should write down the chemical equation of each step. Then observe the known quantity in these equations which positio

39、n, and where the unknown quantity, finally, add and subtract elimination will be a known quantity and unknown quantity of the overall reaction, the questions can be solved, which is often said that the more comprehensive thinking to make a comprehensive calculation step reaction 2 for the subject of

40、 the derived type, seemingly hard to answer, actually should take an examination of is the basic concept of books, so the knowledge on the books as long as we understand thoroughly, this topic is not difficult to answer. 3 in the case of information, we should adopt the method of current learning. T

41、he so-called information problem is a topic that contains new information that was never introduced in the textbook. When doing this kind of topic, dare to be big, dare to break through oneself knowledge frame, oneself think correct want to insist on. In fact, the information is often extended by so

42、me extension of the concept of the book, not as difficult as you might think. 10. The test subject mainly focuses on the ability of examination In recent years, the chemistry test of the college entrance examination has increased the examination of the experimental ability and demonstrated the propo

43、sition direction of the chemistry part of the college entrance examination in recent years, which should be worthy of careful study. Review the chemistry college entrance examination experiment part, cant talk soldier, have the condition of the classmate to do the experiment. Chemistry is built on t

44、he basis of experiment, the examinee in the process of review, on the one hand, attention should be paid to consolidate the basic knowledge, pay attention to the scientific and standardized experimental operation, correct experiment of data analysis and processing, It is necessary to will often oper

45、ate frequently people think. master the regularity of chemical experiment, and to combine the principles of chemical experiment and experimental design. , on the other hand, we also need to pay attention to the development of their abilities, master the many USES of a device, a variety of usage of a

46、 device, and flexible use of some instruments, such as how to use an experimental device preparation of a variety of gas, or a variety of different experimental device preparation of the same kind of gas, and so on, should pay attention to their own design the improvement of experimental ability. 11

47、. Experimental basic knowledge requires networking Basic content including: high school chemistry lab instruments and medicines, experiments and experimental skills, material preparation and experiment method, knowledge chart, drawing and safety knowledge, quantitative experiments and error analysis

48、, material separation, purification and identification, design of experiment and comprehensive experiment, etc. Chemistry experiment should be focused on, the students in the third year review knowledge and skills, using induction, comparison, summary law, institution transference, form knowledge ne

49、tworks, pay attention to the above key knowledge system of inductive analogy. In particular, some typical experiments, such as halogens, should be reviewed in all directions. For example, Cl2s lab method: 1 the principle of the experiment 2 the selection of instruments and the method of assembly seq

50、uence of instruments 4 experimental conditions and control 6 of experimental drugs and their interpretation 7 the division, drying, nature experiment 8 emission and environmental protection 9 safety matters 10 The examinee should have enough knowledge of these typical experiments to make the content

51、 and contents of the experiment materialized, organized, systematized and tabulated. 12. Take the experiment problem in chemistry textbook seriously There are many chemistry experiments in the books of high school chemistry. These exercises are basically based on the knowledge of textbooks, which ar

52、e more consistent with the requirements of the chemistry experiment of the college entrance examination. In addition to some material identification and verification experiments, there are some design experiments. For example, the number 9 in the first set of experimental exercises is to ask the des

53、ign scheme to remove the Na2SO4 and NH4HCO3 from the NaCl. In addition to thinking and judging how to produce precipitation, we should also pay attention to whether the precipitation is clean, whether the precipitation is complete, and whether the writing step is complete. In fact, the problem is si

54、milar to the one in 2022. There are a lot of contents in the experimental exercises of chemistry textbooks which are involved in the chemistry of the college entrance examination, which should arouse our attention, which is helpful for the students chemistry examination. 13. How to deal with the ins

55、trument assembly problem College entrance examination chemistry experiment topic thesis direction based on the textbook, but on the basis of the experimental textbooks and further improve the requirements, while the instrument assembly problem is to test students ability of top priority. So, at the

56、time of chemistry experiment to review, must attach importance to the knowledge of the instrument, including how to assembly, use and so on, to meet will know what can be used in the experiment, a kind of instrument to see the whole device will know what you can do the experiment. By summarizing, we

57、 can divide some common experimental devices into the following categories: 1 gas generator, including solid - solid reaction, solid-liquid reaction, liquid-liquid reaction device and some simple devices, water vapor, ethanol steam generator, etc. 2 safety devices, including common buffer bottles an

58、d safety bottles; 3 absorption equipment, including the tail gas absorption, gas bottle, drying pipe and gas bottle and drying pipe joint at the end of the device to prevent the carbon dioxide from the air and water vapor intrusion response system device; 4 subsequent reaction devices, such as the g

59、enerated chlorine and aluminum reactions; 5 collection devices, including exhaust air, drainage, drainage and discharge of gaseous products, condensation of cold water and condensation of liquid, etc. Pay attention to the general usage and special usage of the instrument A large part of the chemistr

60、y experiment of the college entrance examination is to examine students familiarity with the use of chemical instruments. In solving this type of problem, we have to understand what chemical instruments are, what each instrument does, which ones are regular usage, and which ones are special USES. In