2020高考英語動詞不定式用法總結(jié)課件(55張)

1、Grammar: the Infinitive （動詞不定式用法總結(jié)）Grammar: t動詞不定式 基本概念結(jié)構(gòu)時態(tài)和語態(tài)句法功能動詞不定式 基本概念1. 動詞不定式的基本概念 動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，因to后的動詞不受人稱、數(shù)量、時態(tài)的限定，所以稱“to+動詞原形”為動詞不定式。 動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，在句中不能充當謂語。 1. 動詞不定式的基本概念 動詞不定式由“to2. 動詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)一般結(jié)構(gòu)：to do Im so glad to hear from you. 否定式結(jié)構(gòu)：not to do I persuaded him not to smoke. 復合結(jié)構(gòu)：

2、for/of sb to do sth (即在動詞不定式前加上其邏輯主語) Its difficult for him to give up smoking Its kind of you to help me.特殊疑問詞+不定式：how/when/what to do I dont know how to help you. 2. 動詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)一般結(jié)構(gòu)：to do 3. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般時to to 完成時to to 進行時to 完成進行時to dohave donebe doinghave been doingbe donehave been done3. 動

3、詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般時to t3. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一般時： 意義：動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，或動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之后 主動語態(tài)：todo 被動語態(tài)：tobedone Im so glad to hear from you.（高興和收到來信同時發(fā)生） I hope to meet you soon. （meet you發(fā)生在未來,后發(fā)生）3. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一般時：Practice:1. He offered _(help) me. 2. She is too young_(attend) school.3. The meeting is able _(hold

4、).4. The problem remains_(settle)to helpto attend to be held to be settled一般時： 動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，或動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之后1. 謂語動作：過去 不定式動作：過去幫助 同時發(fā)生2. 謂語動作：現(xiàn)在 不定式動作：現(xiàn)在 同時發(fā)生3. 謂語動作：現(xiàn)在 不定式動作：將來 不定式發(fā)生在謂語動作后 會議被舉辦，用一般被動4. 謂語動作：現(xiàn)在 不定式動作：將來 不定式發(fā)生在謂語動作后；問題被解決，用一般被動Practice:1. He offered _3. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)完成時： 意義：表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前 主

5、動語態(tài)：tohave done 被動語態(tài)：tohave beendone Im glad to have invited you to attend my party. （已經(jīng)邀請，現(xiàn)在高興已經(jīng)邀請了你） Im glad to have been invited to attend your party. （已經(jīng)被邀請，現(xiàn)在高興已經(jīng)被邀請）3. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)完成時：Practice:1. She pretends _(know) the news already.2. Im sorry_(keep) you waiting so long. 3. He is thought _(wr

6、ite) the book ten years ago.4. The is thought _(write) ten years ago.to have knownto have kept to have written to have been written完成時：動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前1. 謂語動作：現(xiàn)在 不定式動作：已經(jīng)發(fā)生， 假裝已經(jīng)知道，不定式的完成式2. 謂語動作：現(xiàn)在 不定式動作：已經(jīng)發(fā)生， 抱歉已經(jīng)讓你等這么久 不定式的完成式3. 謂語動作：現(xiàn)在 不定式動作：已經(jīng)發(fā)生， 被認為已經(jīng)寫了 不定式的完成式3. 謂語動作：現(xiàn)在 不定式動作：已經(jīng)發(fā)生， 被認為已經(jīng)被寫了 不定式的完成

7、被動式Practice:1. She pretends _3. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)進行時： 意義：表示謂語動作發(fā)生時,不定式的動作正在進行 主動語態(tài)：tobedoing He seems to be eating something. （現(xiàn)在”似乎”，正在”吃”，”似乎”和”吃”同時發(fā)生）3. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)進行時：Practice:1. She pretended _(study) English when her mom came in.2. They seemd _(write)something for somebody.to be studyingto be writin

8、g 完成時：動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前1. 謂語動作：過去 不定式動作：進行 假裝正在學習，不定式的進行式1. 謂語動作：過去 不定式動作：進行 似乎正在寫，不定式的進行式Practice:1. She pretended _3. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)完成進行時： 意義：表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前且一直持續(xù)到謂語動作發(fā)生時,并仍在進行 主動語態(tài)：tohavebeendoing She is said to have been teaching English for over twenty years. （以前開始教英語，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并仍在教）3. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)完成進行時：Practi

9、ce:1. The book is said _（translate）into Russian.2. An exhibition of Chinese paintings is _(hold) this weekend.3. The boy pretended _(clean) the floor when I passed by him.4.Im happy _(see) you.to have been translated to be held to be cleaning to seePractice:1. The book is said _3. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語

10、態(tài)一般時to do to be done完成時to have doneto have been done進行時to be doing 完成進行時to have been doing總結(jié)3. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般時to do4. 動詞不定式的句法功能 動詞不定式具有名詞，形容詞和副詞的特性 動詞不定式不能做謂語，是非謂語的一種形式。 主語、賓語，表語定語、表語，補足語狀語4. 動詞不定式的句法功能 主語、賓語，表語定語、動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語不定式作主語1. To find new ways to save water is an urgent task 2. T

11、o love and to be loved is sweet to us.3. To improve peoples lives and to speed up socialize construction are two important tasks today.考點一：不定式作主語時的主謂一致原則思考： 為什么不定式作主語時， 謂語有時用單數(shù)，有時用復數(shù)？不定式作主語1. To find new ways to s1. To find new ways to save water is an urgent task 2. To improve English is difficult

12、for me now.考點一：不定式作主語時的主謂一致原則單個不定式作主語，謂語用單數(shù) 1. To find new ways to save waTo love and to be loved is sweet to us.考點一：不定式作主語時的主謂一致原則大于等于兩個不定式作主語,但語義一致或基本一致、或不定式作為一個整體時，謂語用單數(shù)To love and to be loved is sweTo improve peoples lives and to speed up socialize construction are two important tasks today.考點一：

13、不定式作主語時的主謂一致原則大于等于兩個不定式作主語，但語義不一致，謂語用復數(shù)To improve peoples lives and Practice:1. To do that sort of thing_(be) foolish.2. To act like that _(be) childish. is is Practice:1. To do that sort of Its difficult for him to give up smoking = To give up smoking is difficult for him. Its kind of you to help m

14、e. = You are kind to help me 考點二：為了避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語，動詞不定式作句子真正的主語,不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)： for/of sb to do sth Its difficult for him to gIt+be+adj.+for sb to do: (用for sb時，形容詞修飾to do sth ,形容詞常用修飾事或物的詞，如easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable,) Its difficult for him to give up smoking

15、= To give up smoking is difficult for him.It+be+adj.+for sb to do:It+be +adj.+of sb to do(用of sb時，形容詞修飾sb，形容詞常用修飾人品質(zhì)的詞，如nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate, silly) Its kind of you to help me. = You are kind to help me It+be +adj.+of sb to do Its our duty

16、to take good care of the old.= To take good care of the old is our duty考點三：It + is/was+ 名詞 +to do： Its our duty to take good It takes me an hour to do homework everyday.=To do homework takes me an hour everyday. How long did it take you to finish the work?考點四：It takes / took sb + some time + to do：

17、It takes me an hour to do ho用動名詞作主語的情況： no pleasure no useIt is/was no good doing sth no fun a waste of money/time worth no也可換成not或of littleIt is no good just being upset.考點五：動詞不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別用動名詞作主語的情況：考點五：動詞不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別用不定式作主語的情況： It is/was+adj.+for/of sb It is/was+n +to do sth It takes/took sb+som

18、e time 考點五：動詞不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別用不定式作主語的情況：考點五：動詞不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別動詞不定式作表語動詞不定式作表語 Your task today is to wash the curtains. 動詞不定式作表語時，放在系動詞后面，表示將來的動作或解釋說明主語的內(nèi)容；主語常是wish, idea, task, purpose, duty,aim, hope, mistake 等表示意向、打算、計劃的詞 Your task today is to wash th不定式作表語： 表示具體的，一次性的動作 Your task today is to wash the

19、curtains.動名詞作表語： 表示抽象的，多次經(jīng)常的動作 My favorite sport is running.對比：動詞不定式和動名詞作表語的區(qū)別不定式作表語： 表示具體的，一次性的動作對比：動詞不定式和動動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式作狀語目的狀語: I come here to see you. （來這里的目的是見你） 常用in order to,so as to,so(such) as to結(jié)果狀語：表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，出乎意料的結(jié)果，常放在句子末尾 He arrived at the station ,only to find the train had left. 常用enou

20、gh to, only to. . . ，too. . . to原因狀語：常放在表情緒或心理活動的形容詞之后 Im glad to see you.(glad的原因是see you)目的狀語: I come here to see you動詞不定式作賓語動詞不定式作賓語eg. I decide to study hard from now on. 主 謂 賓 The driver failed to see the other car in time. He offered to help me. She loves to talk about the matter. He promised

21、not to tell anyone about it.用法一：動詞不定式跟在某些及物動詞的后面作賓語eg. I decide to study hard fr這樣的及物動詞有：afford，ask，agree，arrange，attempt，aim，bother，choose，care，decide，desire，demand，expect，fail，hope，hesitate，learn，long，manage，offer，plan，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seem，seek，threaten，tend，wait，wish，want用法一：動詞不定式跟

22、在某些及物動詞的后面作賓語這樣的及物動詞有：afford，ask，agree，arra只跟動詞不定式不跟動名詞的及物動詞有：(decide/determine, learn, manage, try)(refuse, promise, pretend, agree)(want, help, choose, plan)(hope/expect/wish, care, offer, wait)(happen, fail, afford)只跟動詞不定式不跟動名詞的及物動詞有：The question is how to put it into practice.能接“疑問詞+to do”的動詞(短語

23、)有: be, decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, find out, understand, see, wonder, hear, explain, tell 等。用法二：“疑問詞+to do”The question is how to put it I think it hard to get up early in the morning. He feels it his duty to help the poor.it 作形式賓語, 真正的賓語為后面的不定式， make 使. think 認為. it +adj

24、/n +(for sb) +to do sth feel 感覺. find 發(fā)現(xiàn). consider 認為.用法三：主語+動詞+it+賓補+to do (賓補常為形容詞或名詞) I think it hard to get up ea動詞不定式作賓補動詞不定式作賓補 I like to keep everything tidy. I like you to keep everything tidy. I will ask to do it again and again. I will ask you to do it again and again.既可以跟不定式作賓語，又可“動詞賓語不定式

25、”的動詞： ask，beg，choose，expect，help，intend，like， love，need，prefer，prepare，promise，want，wish等。用法一：動詞賓語不定式 I like to keep everything We consider Tom to be the best student in our class. 常見動詞：acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(聲稱),discover, fancy(設(shè)想),feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解

26、), show,suppose,take(以為),understand 用法二：動詞+賓語+ to + be We consider Tom to be the best The book is believed to be uninteresting. The movie is considered to be boring.動詞+賓語+to be+形容詞如think, consider, imagine, prove, find, know, suppose等。 用法三： to + be+ 形容詞（常用于被動） The book is believed to b有些動詞后面用省略to的不定

27、式作賓補，即：動詞+sb do sth He made me work all night long. I saw a child play in the street. 這類動詞主要有：我看三室二廳有感覺 “我看=五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at) “三室=三使”(make, let, have) “二廳=二聽”(hear, listen to) “有感覺”(feel)。用法四： 省略to的不定式 有些動詞后面用省略to的不定式作賓補，即：動詞+sb do 注意：當“動詞+ sb do sth” 結(jié)構(gòu)中sb 放在主語位置，句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，省

28、略的to要加上去。 He made the man work all night long. 變被動: The man was made to work all night long. The policeman saw a child play in the street. 變被動: A child was seen to play in the street.用法四： 省略to的不定式 注意：當“動詞+ sb do sth” 結(jié)構(gòu)中sb 放在主語動詞不定式作定語動詞不定式作定語 He was the right person to do the job. She was the first w