2013在職工程碩士英語閱讀理解練習(xí)及答案

1、2013在職工程碩士英語閱讀理解練習(xí)及答案 Every artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not only does he want so say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been said before. He hopes the public will listen and understand - he wants to teach them, and he wants them to learn f

2、rom him. What visual artists like painters want to teach is easy to make out but difficult to explain, because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors, not words. They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes and colors, out of the countless billions possible, is exception

3、ally interesting for them and worth showing to us. Without their work we should never have noticed these particular shapes and colors, or have felt the delight which they brought to the artist. Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and rep

4、ose; their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at, that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern, that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without re

5、ference to the character of their subjects. If one painter chooses to paint a gangrenous(生壞疽的) leg and another a lake in moonlight, each of them is directing our attention to a certain aspect of the world. Each painter is telling us something, showing us something, emphasizing something-all of which

6、 mean that, consciously or unconsciously, he is trying to teach us.1. All artists are common in that _.A they use shapes and colors instead of wordsB they are trying to teach the publicC what they want to teach is difficult to explainD they want to learn from the public2. A painter chooses certain s

7、hapes and colors out of the countless billions possible because he believes they _.A are beautifulB can bring delight to himC are worth showing to the publicD are particular3. Contemporary artists choose subjects _.A without reference to the character of their subjectsB that only provide an interest

8、ing patternC that there is no meaning in itD partly for the meaning of the subjects4. Comparing the painter who paints a gangrenous leg with the one who paints a lake in moonlight,we can draw the conclusion that _.A both convey the same meaningB both show certain aspects of the worldC the latter is

9、more meaningfulD the former is more meaningful5. According to the passage,which of the follwoing statements is true?A The public could share the artists feelings through their choice of shapes and colors.B The painter should not choose to paint ugly things.C Contemporary artists are completely diffe

10、rent from other artists.D All artists are teaching the public consciously.參考答案：B C B B A In Switzerland, six miles west of Geneva, lies a collection of laboratories and buildings, and most curious of all, a circular mound of earth more than 650 feet in diameter. This cluster has unique importance. I

11、t is Europes one and only atomic city dedicated to investigating the atom for peaceful purposes. The strange buildings belong to the European Council for Nuclear Research, more popularly known, from its French initials, as CERN. The council was born when a handful of statesman and scientific experts

12、 met in Paris in 1950. Their aim was to establish an organization providing for collaboration among European states in nuclear research of a pure scientific and fundamental character. The CERN agreement was signed in 1953, and work on the atomic city began in 1954. Today CERNs facilities are among t

13、he most modern and the most diversified ones in the world. Impressive as the scientific aspect may be, the real significance of CERN may lie with the thousand people-the scientists, lab workers, and administrative crew drawn from the fourteen member nations-who populate it. British engineers work si

14、de by side with Swiss electricians, Yugoslav nuclear physicists, and Dutch mathematicians. The official languages are French and English, with German an unofficial third. But CERN is no tower of Babel-the language of science is universal and all embracing. 1. The laboratories and buildings discussed

15、 in the passage belong to _.A a private research organizationB SwitzerlandC the European Council for Nuclear ResearchD the United Nationa2. The cluster has unique significance because it is _.A Europes only atomic cityB a city devoted to nuclear researchC a city dedicated to investigating the atom f

16、or peaceful purposesD a clearing house for the worlds nuclear research3. CERNs facilities for research are _.A limited but effectiveB among the best in the worldC rapidly expandingD both a and c4. The passage says that CERN is not a tower of Babel because _.A work is the common denominator of all th

17、e staffB the language of science is universalC CERN had adopted only two official languagesD all the workers are drawn from one country5. The real significance of CERN may lie in its staff because they _.A work in international harmonyB come from all over the worldC are investigating all phases of h

18、uman conductD are eliminating the problems of individual rationalism參考答案：C C B B A How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really known is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings,

19、actions, and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down, these sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words.The power of words

20、, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up before our minds, Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that me

21、an something to us increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style(文體). Above all, the real poet is a master of words.

22、 He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar(粗俗的).1. Which is true about origin of language?

23、A Men,as well as animals,invented certain sounds to express thoughts.B The origin of language is a complicated question.C Words did not have written form,at first.D Words were invented to represent meanings.2. The power of words lies in _.A the fact that it can associate the things in the world with

24、 the ideas in our mindB the fact that one word is connected with anotherC the fact that it can associate one person with anotherD the fact that it can recall to us the events of our past3. In order not to make our speech silly and vulgar,we should _.A use words that can move men to tearsB choose wor

25、ds with care and accuracyC become a master of wordsD use words which sing like music4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A The more we read and learn,the larger our vocabulary will be.B The longer we live,the number of words that mean something to us increases.C Words can be used to repr

26、esent various meanings.D Literary style a usually very charming.5. The best title for this passage would be _.A The meaning of wordsB The characteristics of wordsC The origin of wordsD The power of words參考答案：C A B B D There are various way in which individual economic units can interact with one ano

27、ther.Three basic ways may be described as the market system,the administered system,and the traditional system.In a market system individual economic units are free to interact each other the the marketplace.It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them.In a

28、 market,transcations may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy,real goods such as automobiles,shoes,and pizzas are traded against each other.Obviously,finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task.Hence,the introductio

29、n of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably.In the modern market economy,goods and services are bought or sold for money.An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions.This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much

30、of each kind of goods and services should be produced,exchanged,and consumed by each economic unit.Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy.The central plan.drawn up by government,shows amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different househo

31、lds for consumption.This is an example or complete planning of production,consumption,and exchange for the whole economy.In a traditional society,production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition:every persons place with-in the economic system is fixed by parentage,religion,and custom.Tr

32、ansactions take place on the basis of tradition,too.People belonging to a certain group of caste may have an obligation to care for other persons,provide them with food and shelter,care for their health,and provide for their education.Clearly,in a system where every decision is made on the basis of

33、tradition alone,progress mey be difficult to achieve,a stagnant society may result.1. What is the main purpose of the passage?A To outline constrasting types of economic systemB To explain the science of economicsC To argue for the superiority of one economic systemD To compare barter and money-exch

34、ange markets2. In the second paragraph,the word real in real goods could best be replaced by which of the following?A high qualityB concreteC utterD authentic3. According to the passage,a barter economy can lead to _.A rapid speed of transactionsB misunderstandingsC inflationD difficultied for the t

35、raders4. According to the passage,who has the greatest degree of control in an administered system?A Individual householdsB Small businessesC Major corporationsD The government5. Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a persons place in a traditional soc

36、iety?A Family backgroundB AgeC Religious beliefD Custom參考答案：A B D D B In science the meaning of the word explain suffers with civilizations every step in search of reality.Science can not really explain electricity,magnetism,and gravition;their effects can be measured and predicted,but of their natu

37、re no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces really are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says,is not a thing,like St.Pauls Cathedral;it is a way

38、 in which things behave.When we have told how things behave when thry are electrified,and under what circumstances they are electrified,we have told all there is to tell.Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea.Aristotle,for example,whose natural science dominated Western tho

39、ught for two thousand years,believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principle.He felt,for example,that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place,hence one can deduce that objects fall to the groud because

40、thats where they belong,and smoke goes up because thats where it belongs.The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen.Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis

41、of scientific investigation.1. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is _.A to explain why things happenB to expalin how things happenC to describe self-evident principlesD to support Aristelian science2. What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thoudsand years?A The specula

42、tions of Thales.B The forces of electricity,magnetism and gravity.C Aristotles natural science.D Galileos discoveries.3. Bertrand Russells notion about electricity is _.A disapproved of by most modern scientistsB in agreement with Aristotles theory of self-evident principleC in agreement with scient

43、ific investigation directed toward how things happenD in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward why things happen4. The passage says that until recently scientific _.A that there are mysterious forces in the universeB that man cannot discover what forces really areC that there are s

44、elf-evident principleD that we can discover why things behave as they do5. Modern science came into being _.A when the method of controlled experiment was first introducedB when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happenC when Aristelian scientists tried to explain why things happenD when sci

45、entists were able to acquire an understanding of reality by reasoning參考答案：B C C B A The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps inmaking food more fit to eat,it has,at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that p

46、erhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon.Difficult cultures are some prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.That food is related

47、 to illness is not a new discovery.In 1945,government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites,commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additives,caused cancer.Yet,these carcinogenic additives remain in our food,and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry and because of this,pe