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1、16/16第六章 方差分析 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j1 o 第一節(jié) Simple Factorial過程 第一節(jié) Simple Factorial過程 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j1_1 o 6.1.1 主要功能 6.1.1 主要功能 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j1_2 o 6.1.2 實(shí)例操作 6.1.2 實(shí)例操作 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j2 o 第二節(jié) General Factorial過程 第二節(jié) General Factorial過程 HYPERLIN
2、K /news/spss/doc3/ l j2_1 o 6.2.1 主要功能 6.2.1 主要功能 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j2_2 o 6.2.2 實(shí)例操作 6.2.2 實(shí)例操作 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j3 o 第三節(jié) Multivarite過程 第三節(jié) Multivarite過程 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j3_1 o 6.3.1 主要功能 6.3.1 主要功能 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j3_2 o 6.3.2 實(shí)例操作 6.3.2 實(shí)例操作方差分析是R.
3、A.Fister創(chuàng)造的,用于兩個(gè)及兩個(gè)以上樣本均數(shù)差別的顯著性檢驗(yàn)。由于各種因素的影響,探究所得的數(shù)據(jù)呈現(xiàn)波動(dòng)狀,造成波動(dòng)的緣由可分成兩類,一是不行控的隨機(jī)因素,另一是探究中施加的對(duì)結(jié)果形成影響的可控因素。方差分析的基本思想是:通過分析探究中不同來源的變異對(duì)總變異的貢獻(xiàn)大小,從而確定可控因素對(duì)探究結(jié)果影響力的大小。方差分析主要用于:1、均數(shù)差別的顯著性檢驗(yàn),2、分別各有關(guān)因素并估量其對(duì)總變異的作用,3、分析因素間的交互作用,4、方差齊性檢驗(yàn)。第一節(jié) Simple Factorial過程6.1.1 主要功能調(diào)用此過程可對(duì)資料進(jìn)行方差分析或協(xié)方差分析。在方差分析中可按用戶需要作單因素方差分析(其結(jié)
4、果將與第五章第四節(jié)相同)或多因素方差分析(包括醫(yī)學(xué)中常用的配伍組方差分析);當(dāng)觀看因素中存在有很難或無法人為掌握的因素時(shí),則可對(duì)之加以指定以便進(jìn)行協(xié)方差分析。 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j0 o 返回本章名目 返回名目 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/index.htm o 返回全書名目 返回全書名目6.1.2 實(shí)例操作例6-1下表為運(yùn)動(dòng)員與高校生的身高(cm)與肺活量(cm3)的數(shù)據(jù),考慮到身高與肺活量有關(guān),而一般運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身高高于高校生,為進(jìn)一步分析肺活量的差異是否由于體育熬煉所致,試作掌握身高變量的協(xié)方差分析。運(yùn) 動(dòng) 員大 學(xué) 生身高肺活
5、量身高肺活量184.9167.9171.0171.0188.0179.0177.0179.5187.0187.0169.0188.0176.7179.0183.0180.5179.0178.0164.0174.043003850410043004800400054004000480048004500478037005250425048005000370036004050168.7170.8165.0169.7171.5166.5165.0165.0173.0169.0173.8174.0170.5176.0169.5176.3163.0172.5177.0173.034504100380033
6、003450325036003200395040004150345032504100365039503500390034503850 數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)備激活數(shù)據(jù)管理窗口,定義變量名:組變量為group(運(yùn)動(dòng)員=1,高校生=2),身高為x,肺活量為y,按挨次輸入相應(yīng)數(shù)值,建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,結(jié)果見圖6.1。圖6.1 原始數(shù)據(jù)的輸入 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 激活 Statistics 菜單選ANOVA Models中的Simple Factorial.項(xiàng),彈出Simple Factorial ANOVA對(duì)話框(圖6.2)。在變量列表中選變量y,點(diǎn)擊鈕使之進(jìn)入Dependent框;選分組變量group,點(diǎn)擊鈕使之進(jìn)入Factor(
7、s)框中, 并點(diǎn)擊Define Range.鈕在彈出的Simple Factorial ANOVA:Define Range框中確定分組變量group的起止值(1,2);選協(xié)變量x,點(diǎn)擊鈕使之進(jìn)入Covariate(s)框中。圖6.2 協(xié)方差分析對(duì)話框點(diǎn)擊Options.框,彈出Simple Factorial ANOVA:Options對(duì)話框。系統(tǒng)在協(xié)方差分析的方法(Method)上有三種選項(xiàng):1、Unique:同時(shí)評(píng)價(jià)全部的效應(yīng);2、Hierarchical:除主效應(yīng)外,逐一評(píng)價(jià)各因素的效應(yīng);3、Experimental:評(píng)價(jià)因素干預(yù)之前的主效應(yīng)。本例選Unique方法,之后點(diǎn)擊Conti
8、nue鈕返回Simple Factorial ANOVA對(duì)話框,再點(diǎn)擊OK鈕即可。 結(jié)果說明在結(jié)果輸出窗口中可見如下統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù):先輸出肺活量總均數(shù)和兩組的肺活量均數(shù),總均數(shù)為4033.25,運(yùn)用員組均數(shù)為4399.00,高校生組為3667.50。接著協(xié)方差分析表明,混雜因素X(身高)兩組間是有差異的(F=10.679,P=0.002),掌握其影響后,兩組間肺活量的差別照舊存在(F=9.220,P=0.004),故可以認(rèn)為兩組間肺活量的均數(shù)在消退了身高因素的影響之后仍有差別,運(yùn)動(dòng)員的肺活量大于高校生,即體育熬煉會(huì)提高肺活量。最終系統(tǒng)輸出公共回來系數(shù),= 36.002,該值可用于求修正均數(shù): = -
9、 ( - )本例為= 4399.00 - 36.002(178.175 - 174.3325)= 4260.6623 = 3667.50 - 36.002(170.49 - 174.3325)= 3805.8377Y by GROUPTotal Population 4033.25 ( 40)GROUP 1 2 4399.00 3667.50 ( 20) ( 20)Y by GROUP with X UNIQUE sums of squares All effects entered simultaneously Sum of Mean SigSource of Variation Squar
10、es DF Square F of FCovariates 1630763 1 1630762.635 10.679 .002 X 1630763 1 1630762.635 10.679 .002Main Effects 1407847 1 1407847.095 9.220 .004 GROUP 1407847 1 1407847.095 9.220 .004Explained 6981685 2 3490842.568 22.860 .000Residual 5649992 37 152702.496Total 12631678 39 323889.16740 cases were pr
11、ocessed.0 cases (.0 pct) were missing.Covariate Raw Regression CoefficientX 36.002 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j0 o 返回本章名目 返回名目 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/index.htm o 返回全書名目 返回全書名目第二節(jié) General Factorial過程6.2.1 主要功能調(diào)用此過程可對(duì)完全隨機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)資料、配伍設(shè)計(jì)資料、析因設(shè)計(jì)資料、正交設(shè)計(jì)資料等等進(jìn)行多因素方差分析或協(xié)方差分析。 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j0
12、o 返回本章名目 返回名目 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/index.htm o 返回全書名目 返回全書名目6.2.2 實(shí)例操作例6-2下表為三因素析因試驗(yàn)的資料,請(qǐng)用方差分析說明不同基礎(chǔ)液與不同血清種類對(duì)鉤端螺旋體的培育計(jì)數(shù)的影響?;A(chǔ)液(A)血清種類(B)兔血清濃度(C)胎盤血清濃度(C)5858緩沖液64812461398909114418771671184583085344110305786696431002蒸餾水1763124113812421144718831896192692070984857493310241092742自來水580 10261026830
13、17891215143416511126117612801212685546595566 數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)備 激活數(shù)據(jù)管理窗口,定義變量名:基礎(chǔ)液為base,血清種類為sero,血清濃度為pct,鉤端螺旋體的培育計(jì)數(shù)為X,按挨次輸入相應(yīng)數(shù)值,建立數(shù)據(jù)庫。 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 激活Statistics菜單選ANOVA Models中的General Factorial.項(xiàng),彈出General Factorial ANOVA對(duì)話框(圖6.3)。在對(duì)話框左側(cè)的變量列表中選變量x,點(diǎn)擊鈕使之進(jìn)入Dependent Variable框;選要掌握的分組變量base、sero和pct,點(diǎn)鈕使之進(jìn)入Factor(s)框中,并分別
14、點(diǎn)擊Define Range鈕,在彈出的General Factorial ANOVA:Define Range對(duì)話框中確定各變量的起止值,本例變量base的起止值為1、3,變量sero的起止值為1、2,變量pct的起止值為1、2。之后點(diǎn)擊OK鈕即可。圖6.3 析因方差分析對(duì)話框 結(jié)果說明在結(jié)果輸出窗口中,系統(tǒng)顯示48個(gè)觀看值進(jìn)入統(tǒng)計(jì),三個(gè)因素按其各自水平共產(chǎn)生12種組合。分析表明,模型總效應(yīng)的F值為10.55,P值 0.001,說明三因素間存在有交互作用。單因素效應(yīng)和交互效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致的組間差別比較結(jié)果是:單因素組間比較:A:基礎(chǔ)液(BASE)F = 4.98,P = 0.012,說明三種培育基培
15、育鉤體的計(jì)數(shù)有差別;B:血清種類(SERO)F = 61.265,P 0.001,說明兩種血清培育鉤體的計(jì)數(shù)有差別;C:血清濃度(PCT)F = 3.49,P = 0.070,說明兩種血清濃度培育鉤體的計(jì)數(shù)無差別。 兩因素構(gòu)成的一級(jí)交互作用: AB:基礎(chǔ)液(BASE)血清種類(SERO) F = 5.16,P = 0.011,交互作用明顯; BC:血清種類(SERO)血清濃度(PCT) F = 15.96,P 0.001,交互作用明顯; AC:基礎(chǔ)液(BASE)血清濃度(PCT) F = 0.78,P = 0.465,交互作用不明顯。 三因素構(gòu)成的二級(jí)交互作用: ABC:基礎(chǔ)液(BASE)血清
16、種類(SERO)血清濃度(PCT) F = 6.75,P = 0.003,交互作用明顯。48 cases accepted. 0 cases rejected because of out-of-range factor values. 0 cases rejected because of missing data.12 non-empty cells. 1 design will be processed. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Univariate Homogen
17、eity of Variance Tests Variable . X Cochrans C(3,12) = .34004, P = .036 (approx.) Bartlett-Box F(11,897) = 1.69822, P = .069 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -* * * * * * A n a l y s i s o f V a r i a n c e - design 1 * * * * * * Tests of Significance for X usi
18、ng UNIQUE sums of squares Source of Variation SS DF MS F Sig of F WITHIN+RESIDUAL 2459233.75 36 68312.05 BASE 679967.38 2 339983.69 4.98 .012 PCT 238713.02 1 238713.02 3.49 .070 SERO 4184873.52 1 4184873.5 61.26 .000 BASE BY PCT 107005.54 2 53502.77 .78 .465 BASE BY SERO 705473.04 2 352736.52 5.16 .
19、011 PCT BY SERO 1089922.69 1 1089922.7 15.96 .000 BASE BY PCT BY SERO 922307.37 2 461153.69 6.75 .003 (Model) 7928262.56 11 720751.14 10.55 .000 (Total) 10387496.31 47 221010.56 R-Squared = .763 Adjusted R-Squared = .691 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j0 o 返回本章名目 返回名目 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/index.h
20、tm o 返回全書名目 返回全書名目第三節(jié) Multivarite過程6.3.1 主要功能 調(diào)用此過程可進(jìn)行多元方差分析。此外,對(duì)于一元設(shè)計(jì),如涉及混合模型的設(shè)計(jì)、分割設(shè)計(jì)(又稱列區(qū)設(shè)計(jì))、重復(fù)測(cè)量設(shè)計(jì)、嵌套設(shè)計(jì)、因子與協(xié)變量交互效應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)等,此過程均能適用。 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/ l j0 o 返回本章名目 返回名目 HYPERLINK /news/spss/doc3/index.htm o 返回全書名目 返回全書名目6.3.2 實(shí)例操作例6-3甲地區(qū)為大城市,乙地區(qū)為縣城,丙地區(qū)為農(nóng)村。某地分別調(diào)查了上述三類地區(qū)8歲男生三項(xiàng)身體生長發(fā)育指標(biāo):身高、體重和胸圍,
21、數(shù)據(jù)見下表,問:三類地區(qū)之間男生三項(xiàng)身體生長發(fā)育指標(biāo)的差異有無顯著性?同學(xué)編號(hào)甲地區(qū)乙地區(qū)丙地區(qū)身高體重胸圍身高體重胸圍身高體重胸圍123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930119.80121.70121.40124.40120.00117.00118.10118.80124.20124.90124.70123.00125.30124.20127.40128.20126.10128.70129.50126.90126.50128.20131.40130.80133.90130.40131.30130.20136.00141.0022.
22、6021.5019.1021.8021.4020.1018.8022.0021.3024.0023.3022.5022.9019.5022.9022.3022.7023.5024.5025.5025.0026.1027.9026.8027.2024.4024.4023.0026.3031.9060.5055.5056.5060.5057.7057.0057.1061.7058.4060.8060.0060.0065.2053.8059.5060.0057.4060.4051.0061.5063.9063.0063.1061.5065.8062.6059.5062.6060.0063.70125
23、.10127.00125.70114.90124.90117.60124.20117.90120.40115.00126.20125.10114.90121.50114.00118.70120.60122.90119.60112.30121.30121.20120.20120.30120.00123.30122.10123.30109.90125.6023.0021.5023.4017.5023.5018.9020.8020.3020.0019.7021.2022.1019.7022.0019.0019.1020.0018.5019.5020.0020.0021.2023.1021.0022.
24、2020.1021.0021.5017.8023.3062.0059.0061.5052.5058.5057.0058.5061.0056.0056.5056.5058.5056.0057.0054.5054.5055.5056.0059.5058.0058.0059.0059.5059.5059.5056.5057.5061.0056.5060.50118.30121.30121.80124.20123.50123.00134.90123.70105.20112.20118.60112.00121.50124.50119.50122.50115.50122.50124.50125.00117
25、.50127.30122.30121.30120.50116.00120.50114.50131.00122.5020.4020.0026.6022.1023.2022.9032.3022.7020.2020.8021.0023.2024.0021.5020.5023.0019.0022.5025.0025.5023.0022.5022.0021.0022.0019.0020.0019.0025.5024.5054.4054.3061.1058.6060.2058.2064.8059.9054.5057.5057.6058.2060.3055.6055.5056.7054.2057.6057.
26、9060.3059.0058.9058.2055.6055.1053.5054.4053.4058.3058.70 數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)備 激活數(shù)據(jù)管理窗口,定義變量名:地區(qū)為G,身高為X1,體重為X2,胸圍為X3,按挨次輸入相應(yīng)數(shù)值,變量G的數(shù)值是:甲地區(qū)為1,乙地區(qū)為2,丙地區(qū)為3。 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 激活Statistics菜單選ANOVA Models中的Multivarite.項(xiàng),彈出Multivarite ANOVA 對(duì)話框(圖6.8)。首先指定供分析用的變量x1、x2、x3,故在對(duì)話框左側(cè)的變量列表中選變量x1、x2、x3,點(diǎn)擊鈕使之進(jìn)入Dependent Variable框;然后選變量g(分組變量)
27、點(diǎn)擊鈕使之進(jìn)入Factor(s)框中,并點(diǎn)擊Define Range鈕,確定g的起始值和終止值。圖6.4 多元方差分析對(duì)話框點(diǎn)擊Options.鈕,彈出Multivarite ANOVA:Options對(duì)話框,選擇需要計(jì)算的指標(biāo)。在Factor(s)欄內(nèi)選變量g,點(diǎn)擊鈕使之進(jìn)入Display Means for框,要求計(jì)算平均值指標(biāo);在Matriced Within Cell欄內(nèi)選Correlation、Covariance、SSCP項(xiàng),要求計(jì)算單元內(nèi)的相關(guān)矩陣、方差協(xié)方差矩陣和離均差平方和交叉乘積矩陣;在Error Matrices欄內(nèi)也選上述三項(xiàng),要求計(jì)算誤差的相關(guān)矩陣、方差協(xié)方差矩陣和離
28、均差平方和交叉乘積矩陣;在Diagnostics欄內(nèi)選Homogeneity test項(xiàng),要求作變量的方差齊性檢驗(yàn)。之后點(diǎn)擊Continue鈕返回Multivarite ANOVA對(duì)話框,最終點(diǎn)擊OK鈕即可。 結(jié)果說明 在結(jié)果輸出窗口中將看到如下分析結(jié)果:系統(tǒng)首先顯示共90個(gè)觀看值進(jìn)入統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,因分組變量g為三個(gè)地區(qū),故分析的單元數(shù)為3。然后輸出3個(gè)應(yīng)變量(x1、x2、x3)的方差齊性檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果,分別輸出了Cochran C檢驗(yàn)值及其顯著性水平P值、Bartlett-Box F檢驗(yàn)值及其顯著性水平P值。其中身高:C = 0.39825,P = 0.540;F = 1.01272,P = 0.36
29、3;體重:C = 0.43787,P = 0.227;F = 4.48624, P = 0.011;胸圍:C = 0.47239, P = 0.089;F = 2.06585, P = 0.127;可見3項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的方差基本整齊(P值均大于0.05)。90 cases accepted. 0 cases rejected because of out-of-range factor values. 0 cases rejected because of missing data. 3 non-empty cells. 1 design will be processed. CELL NUMBER
30、1 2 3 Variable G 1 2 3 Univariate Homogeneity of Variance Tests Variable . X1 Cochrans C(29,3) = .39825, P = .540 (approx.) Bartlett-Box F(2,17030) = 1.01272, P = .363 Variable . X2 Cochrans C(29,3) = .43787, P = .227 (approx.) Bartlett-Box F(2,17030) = 4.48624, P = .011 Variable . X3 Cochrans C(29,
31、3) = .47239, P = .089 (approx.) Bartlett-Box F(2,17030) = 2.06585, P = .127Cochran C檢驗(yàn)和Bartlett-Box F檢驗(yàn)對(duì)考查協(xié)方差矩陣的相等性比較便利,但還不夠。于是系統(tǒng)接著分別輸出了三類地區(qū)(即各個(gè)單元)各生長發(fā)育指標(biāo)的離均差平方和交叉乘積矩陣和方差協(xié)方差矩陣。之后作Box M檢驗(yàn),Box M檢驗(yàn)供應(yīng)矩陣全都性的多元測(cè)試,本例Boxs M = 36.93910,在基于方差分析的顯著性檢驗(yàn)中F = 2.92393;在基于2的顯著性檢驗(yàn)中2 = 35.09922, 兩者P 0.001,故認(rèn)為矩陣全都性不佳。C
32、ell Number . 1 Sum of Squares and Cross-Products matrix X1 X2 X3 X1 861.187 X2 380.137 230.519 X3 215.937 156.559 314.859 Variance-Covariance matrix X1 X2 X3 X1 29.696 X2 13.108 7.949 X3 7.446 5.399 10.857 Cell Number . 1 (Cont.) Correlation matrix with Standard Deviations on Diagonal X1 X2 X3 X1 5.
33、449 X2 .853 2.819 X3 .415 .581 3.295 Determinant of Covariance matrix of dependent variables = 444.98354 LOG(Determinant) = 6.09804 Cell Number . 2 Sum of Squares and Cross-Products matrix X1 X2 X3 X1 565.368 X2 147.222 78.910 X3 139.430 79.337 147.967 Variance-Covariance matrix X1 X2 X3 X1 19.495 X
34、2 5.077 2.721 X3 4.808 2.736 5.102 Correlation matrix with Standard Deviations on Diagonal X1 X2 X3 X1 4.415 X2 .697 1.650 X3 .482 .734 2.259 Determinant of Covariance matrix of dependent variables = 63.90640 LOG(Determinant) = 4.15742 Cell Number . 3 Sum of Squares and Cross-Products matrix X1 X2 X
35、3 X1 944.128 X2 307.722 217.030 X3 261.130 186.252 203.702 Variance-Covariance matrix X1 X2 X3 X1 32.556 X2 10.611 7.484 X3 9.004 6.422 7.024 Correlation matrix with Standard Deviations on Diagonal X1 X2 X3 X1 5.706 X2 .680 2.736 X3 .595 .886 2.650 Determinant of Covariance matrix of dependent varia
36、bles = 198.13507 LOG(Determinant) = 5.28895 Pooled within-cells Variance-Covariance matrix X1 X2 X3 X1 27.249 X2 9.599 6.051 X3 7.086 4.852 7.661 Determinant of pooled Covariance matrix of dependent vars. = 272.06906 LOG(Determinant) = 5.60606 Multivariate test for Homogeneity of Dispersion matrices
37、 Boxs M = 36.93910 F WITH (12,36680) DF = 2.92393, P = .000 (Approx.) Chi-Square with 12 DF = 35.09922, P = .000 (Approx.)下面系統(tǒng)輸出將三類地區(qū)看成一個(gè)大樣本時(shí)的離均差平方和交叉乘積矩陣。如X1、X2和X3的離均差平方和分別為662.884、121.562和114.902。在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行多元差異的檢驗(yàn)。通常有四種方法:1、Pillai軌跡:V = 2、Wilks 值:W = 3、Hotelling軌跡:T = 4、Roy最大根:R = 式中max為最大特征值, i為第i個(gè)
38、特征值,s為非零特征值個(gè)數(shù)。依據(jù)這些值變換的F檢驗(yàn)均有顯著性(P0.001),說明三類地區(qū)各生長發(fā)育指標(biāo)之間的差別有高度顯著性。 這一計(jì)算結(jié)果對(duì)上述三項(xiàng)生長發(fā)育指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了單因素的方差分析,可見: X1: SS = 662.88356, F = 12.16335 X2: SS = 121.56200, F = 10.04439 X3: SS = 114.90200, F = 7.49893差別均有顯著性,說明三項(xiàng)生長發(fā)育指標(biāo)各地區(qū)間的差別均有顯著性。Combined Observed Means for G Variable . X1 G 1 WGT. 126.46667 UNWGT. 126.
39、46667 2 WGT. 120.52000 UNWGT. 120.52000 3 WGT. 120.92000 UNWGT. 120.92000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Variable . X2 G 1 WGT. 23.50667 UNWGT. 23.50667 2 WGT. 20.69667 UNWGT. 20.69667 3 WGT. 22.49667 UNWGT. 22.49667 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
40、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Variable . X3 G 1 WGT. 60.00667 UNWGT. 60.00667 2 WGT. 57.86667 UNWGT. 57.86667 3 WGT. 57.41667 UNWGT. 57.41667 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WITHIN+RESIDUAL Correlations with Std. Devs. on Diagonal X1 X2 X3 X1 5.220 X2 .7
41、47 2.460 X3 .490 .713 2.768 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Statistics for WITHIN+RESIDUAL correlations Log(Determinant) = .00000 Bartlett test of sphericity = . with 3 D. F. Significance = . F(max) criterion = 4.50308 with (3,87) D. F. WITHIN+RESIDUAL Varia
42、nces and Covariances X1 X2 X3 X1 27.249 X2 9.599 6.051 X3 7.086 4.852 7.661 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WITHIN+RESIDUAL Sum-of-Squares and Cross-Products X1 X2 X3 X1 2370.683 X2 835.081 526.458 X3 616.497 422.147 666.527 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
43、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EFFECT . G Adjusted Hypothesis Sum-of-Squares and Cross-Products X1 X2 X3 X1 662.884 X2 230.323 121.562 X3 269.117 78.193 114.902 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Multivariate Tests of Significance (S = 2, M = 0, N = 4
44、1 1/2) Test Name Value Approx.F Hypoth. DF Error DF Sig. of F Pillais .51227 9.87080 6.00 172.00 .000 Hotellings .70427 9.85978 6.00 168.00 .000 Wilks .55014 9.86643 6.00 170.00 .000 Roys .31265 Note. F statistic for WILKS Lambda is exact. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
45、- - - - - - - EFFECT . G (Cont.) Univariate F-tests with (2,87) D. F. Variable Hypoth. SS Error SS Hypoth. MS Error MS F Sig. of F X1 662.88356 2370.68267 331.44178 27.24923 12.16335 .000 X2 121.56200 526.45800 60.78100 6.05124 10.04439 .000 X3 114.90200 666.52700 57.45100 7.66123 7.49893 .001之后按單元輸
46、出各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的觀看值均數(shù)(Obs.Mean)、調(diào)整均數(shù)(Adj.Mean)、估量均數(shù)(Est.Mean)、粗誤差(Raw Resid)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化誤差(Std.Resid)以及不分地區(qū)的總均數(shù)(Comined Adjusted Means for G)。Adjusted and Estimated Means Variable . X1 CELL Obs. Mean Adj. Mean Est. Mean Raw Resid. Std. Resid. 1 126.467 126.467 126.467 .000 .000 2 120.520 120.520 120.520 .000 .000 3 1
47、20.920 120.920 120.920 .000 .000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Adjusted and Estimated Means (Cont.) Variable . X2 CELL Obs. Mean Adj. Mean Est. Mean Raw Resid. Std. Resid. 1 23.507 23.507 23.507 .000 .000 2 20.697 20.697 20.697 .000 .000 3 22.497 22.497 22.497 .000 .000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Adjusted and Estimated Means (Cont.) Variable . X3 CELL Obs. Mean Adj. Mean Est. Mean Raw Resid. Std. Resid. 1 60.007 60.007 60.007 .000 .000 2 57.867 57.867 57.867 .000 .000 3 57.417 57.417 57
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