語法綜合講解與練習(xí)名詞性從句課件-教育

1、名詞性從句NOUN CLAUSESsnowingfox名詞性從句NOUN CLAUSESsnowingfox在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語的句子叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句主語從句 表語從句 賓語從句 同位語從句 在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語的句子叫做名 連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever連接詞that, whether, if, as if /as though（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分） 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞 連接代詞who, whom, who

2、se, 連接副詞how, why, when, where however, wherever, whenever, how構(gòu)成的短語，（how many/much/Long/soon/often)連接副詞how, why, when, where how在名詞性從句中一律用陳述句的語序，即使從句表達(dá)的是疑問含義。 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. What has he done to the little boy?在名詞性從句中一律用陳述句的語序，即使從句表達(dá)的是疑問含義。Can we drink water before

3、 medical examination? The problem is what he has done to the little boy. I dont know whetherif we can drink water before the medical examination.Can we drink water before mediWhy should we learn English well?Why we should learn English well doesnt need any further explanation.Why should we learn Eng

4、lish we1. 主語從句在句中作主語的句子叫主語從句。 主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether 和連接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where, why等詞引導(dǎo)。1. 主語從句在句中作主語的句子叫主語從句。 主語從句通常由1.that在從句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。That we must master English words as many as possible is very important. 1.that在從句中無詞義

5、，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞Who will win the match is still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is stil單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Where and when he was

6、born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個或兩個有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主句的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 代替主語從句作形式主語放于1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句 a fact, a good idea, an honor, a mystery, a question,

7、 a pity, a shame, a pleasure , a wonder, challenge, common knowledge, fun, progress.It is a complete mystery how the prisoner escaped.It is common knowledge that the whale is not fish.1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句Amazing, appropriate, better, certain, clear, evident, good, importan

8、t, likely , lucky, unlikely ,Probable, natural, necessary, plain, possible, true , wrong.It is certain that your son will win in his examination.It is very difficult what you a doning.2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句3）It + 不及動詞 + that 從句Appear , follow, happen, matter, occur to sb, seem.It now appears that

9、they are in urgent need of help.It happened that I was not there that day.It suddenly occurred to him that the keys might be left in the car.3）It + 不及動詞 + that 從句4）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句 accepted, admitted, announced, arranged, believed, decided, demanded , estimated, expected, found, hoped , kn

10、own, noted, pointed out, proved , reported, rumored, said, seen, shown, stressed, suggested, unknown.4）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + It is known to us how he became a writer. It has not been decided who will perform the operation.It must be kept in mind that theory is combined with practice.It is known to us

11、how he becamIt is a pity that its a shame that Its no wonder thatIt is suggested thatIts requested thatIts proposed that, Its desired thatIt is a pity that 注意:以上四種句型中，在表示建議,要求,命令,愿望,義務(wù),責(zé)任時,從句中用should(/)+do.在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 “should +do”注意:以上四種句型中，在表示建議,要求,命令,愿望,義It is advisable

12、 that she (should) take a couple of days of rest.It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made.It is quite natural that he should have been respected by the students.It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English.It is advisable that she (shouIt is strange that he sh

13、ould say so.It is a great pity that you should think so.It is no surprise that Carl should have won the game.以上句中的that從句如果其謂語動詞不用should +do 形式，則不帶感情色彩，只表事實It is strange that he should s2. 賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。2. 賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。 引導(dǎo)賓語從句1.)由連接詞t

14、hat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 1.)由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. We must never think (that) we 注意:在demand, order

15、, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用 “should+ 動詞原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 注意:在demand, order, suggest, adThe commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講, insist作“堅持說、堅持認(rèn)為”講，則其后的賓語從句中應(yīng)該用陳述語氣。

16、 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. The commander ordered that tro2)用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。 2)用who，whom, which, whose, whaI want to know what he has told you. She always thin

17、ks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. I want to know what he has tol3)用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語句whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句，?？苫Q。但從句中有or not時或介詞后的賓語從句中只能用whether連接。其它名詞性從句，如：主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether. 3)用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語句whether和if均Whether there is life on the moon is an inte

18、resting question. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?Whether there is life on the mEverything depends on whether we have enough money. I dont care about whether you have money or not. 介詞后的賓語從句一般不用which和if引導(dǎo)，要用whether和what。that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。 Ev

19、erything depends on whether I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? I wonder whether he will come 4)賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng) 賓語從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)受主句謂語動詞的影響，如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時從句中的謂語動詞可以用各種時態(tài)； I know that he studies English every day. 4)賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng) 賓語從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)受主句謂語動I know (that) he will s

20、tudy English next year. We all know that he has studied English since 1998. I know that he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study En如果主句中的謂語動詞用了一般過去時，則從句中的語動只能用過去時的某種形式，如一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時等； We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. 如果主句中的謂語動詞用了一般過去時，則從句中的語動只能用過去Th

21、e teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.The teacher told us that Tom h5)當(dāng)主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。 We dont believe that he will w

22、in the game. I dont think he will do so. 5)當(dāng)主句是I/ We think (suppose, ex6)如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則必須用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置，并且that不能省略。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 6)如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則必須用it作形式賓語，而doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用whether/ if 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用 that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時，后接 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；

23、用于否定句時，后接whether/if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用whether/ if 引導(dǎo)We doubt whether/ if he can win the game. I dont doubt that he will win the game. We doubt whether/ if he can wi連接代詞whoever，whatever，whichever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，相當(dāng)于anyone who, anything that等。它們也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 no matter who/ what/ which。 Whoever break

24、s the law should be punished. 連接代詞whoever，whatever，whichever3. 表語從句在句中作表語的句子叫表語從句。 引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if, because 引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 主語 + 系動詞 + that從句 3. 表語從句在句中作表語的句子叫表語從句。 引導(dǎo)表語從句的The fact is that we have lost the game. Thats just what I want. This is where our problem lies. That i

25、s why he didnt come to the meeting. The fact is that we have lost It looks as if it is going to rain. This is because he missed the train by one minute.需要注意的是，當(dāng)主語是reason 時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. It looks as if it is

26、 going to 4. 同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 同位語從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名詞后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope,thought, belief 等，用來說明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容， 4. 同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 同位引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞通常有that, whether和連接副詞when, where, why, how；連接代詞who，what，whose，which通常不引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 I have no idea when she will be back. 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連

27、接詞通常有that, whether和連接The news that we won the game is exciting. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. The news that we won the game 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)I had no idea that

28、 you were here.Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,不能省略）(that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）I had no idea that you were he. 同位語從句和定語從句:首先來看下面三道題:1. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. (06重慶卷) 2. Dont

29、 believe his reason _ he gave you.3. The reason _ he was late is that he has been ill.A. why B. that C. where D. because，. 同位語從句和定語從句:，解析: 第一題選B, that引導(dǎo)同位語從句與先行詞reason同位; 第二題選B, 關(guān)系代詞that跟在先行詞reason的后面引導(dǎo)定語從句, 在從句中做賓語;第三題選A或B,先行詞reason在定語從句中作原因狀語,可用why, for which 和that引導(dǎo).思考: 同為先行詞reason, 但其后面的從句分別是同位語

30、從句和定語從句,如何區(qū)分呢?可以從兩個方面考慮:解析: 第一題選B, that引導(dǎo)同位語從句與先行詞reas1.連接詞是否在從句中作成份,作成分則是定語從句,如上2,3題.反之,有可能是名詞性從句.2.意義上從句是否與先行詞(常為抽象名詞)同位.同位則是名詞性從句試區(qū)別:The idea that we invited him yesterday is wonderful. (_從句)The idea that he told me yesterday is wonderful. (_從句)同位語定語1.連接詞是否在從句中作成份,作成分則是定語從句,如上2,3.it 引導(dǎo)的主語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:

31、首先來看兩道高考題:_is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (06浙江卷 )A. As B. That C. This D. ItIt was after he got what he had desired _he realized it was not so important. (遼寧卷) A. that B.when C.since D.as.it 引導(dǎo)的主語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:解析:第一題選D,此題考查以形式主語it開頭的主語從句.第

32、二題選A,此題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型.思考: 再回頭看看這兩題,句式十分相似,同為it is that句式,如何區(qū)分理解呢? 只要把it is that去掉,看句子是否依然成立,如果成立,就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式,反之則是主語從句. 解析:第一題選D,此題考查以形式主語it開頭的主語從句.第二去掉后,變?yōu)?our belief improvements in health care will lead to a stranger, more prosperous economy.(不完整,主語從句)after he got what he had desired he realized it was not so

33、important.(完整,強(qiáng)調(diào)句式)試區(qū)別:It was many years ago that I met Mr. Green in Beijing.( _從句)It is the fact that he doesnt know his birthday that surprised us all.( _從句)和 (_從句)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式同位語強(qiáng)調(diào)句式去掉后,變?yōu)?our belief improvement.賓語從句與狀語從句:首先看看下面兩題:1. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _there is human s

34、uffering.(06江西卷)2. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to help _needs help.A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever.賓語從句與狀語從句:解析:第一題選D, help為名詞,wherever引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句;第二題選A, whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句作help的賓語. 思考: 英語中許多詞是一詞多性,不能正確確定關(guān)鍵詞詞性,也會給我們的判斷帶來困難,如上兩題,第一題中help為名詞,第二題中help為及物動詞, 把握了這點,題目也就好做了.因此可以從以下兩點來思考

35、:確定從句前關(guān)鍵詞的詞性,是否是及物動詞,是否是動詞.從句是否完整.不缺成分的且從句前的關(guān)鍵詞不為及物動詞,是狀語從句.(除去同位語從句)解析:第一題選D, help為名詞,wherever引導(dǎo)地點試練習(xí)下面兩道題,并判斷關(guān)鍵詞的詞性:-Mom, what did your doctor say?- He advised me to live _the air is fresher.(06四川卷)A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 2. Now, as one of the stars in the NBA, Yao Ming

36、 is working hard to live _ he has dreamed.A. where B. in where C. what D. which區(qū)別清楚了嗎?第一題中l(wèi)ive為_動詞, 引導(dǎo)_從句;第二題中l(wèi)ive為_動詞,等于_,引導(dǎo)_從句.不及物動詞狀語及物realize賓語試練習(xí)下面兩道題,并判斷關(guān)鍵詞的詞性:不及物動詞狀語及物.真題精練:Please remind me _he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.(06全國卷一) A. where B. when C. how D. whatSee the

37、 flags on top of the building? That was _we did this morning. (06全國卷一) A. when B. which C. where D. what-Could you do me a favor?-It depends on_ it is. (06北京卷)which B. whichever C. what D. whatever.真題精練:4. There is much chance_ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (06天津卷)A. that B

38、. which C. until D. if5. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (06江蘇卷) A. if B. where C. whether D. that4. There is much chance_6. _makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. (06遼寧卷) A. what B. who C. whatever D. whoever7. A warm though

39、t suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. (06安徽卷)A. if B. when C. that D. which8. I just wonder _ that makes him so excited. (06山東卷)why it dies B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is6. _makes this shop differ9. - Its thirty years since we l

40、ast met.- But I still remember the story , believe it or not, _we got lost on a rainy night. (06四川卷)which B. that C. what D. when 10. We re just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. (06山東卷) A. where B. that C. when D. which9. - Its thirty years 分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的要點有以下六

41、個方面:1.考查名詞性從句的語序問題高考題例示：分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的要點有以下六個方面:1.考查1. The photographs will show you _（MET1989） A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 1. The photographs will show y例2. Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see

42、 _ . (NMET2000)A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 例2. Someone is ringing the doo例3. Can you make sure _ the gold ring? (NMET1990)where Alice had put B. where did Alice put C.where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 例3. Can you make sure _ t例4. He asked _ for the violin. (NMET1991)

43、did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 例4. He asked _ for the 2.考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別高考題例示： 1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. (NMET1996)A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what2.考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別高考題例示： 1. _2. No one can be sure _ in a mill

44、ion years. (MET1991)what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 2. No one can be sure _ in3. _ you have done might do harm to other people. (MET 1987)That B. What C. Whether D. How3. _ you have done might4. _ you dont like him is none of my business. (上海1992)What B. Who C. That D. Whether4. _ you dont like him 3.考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法高考題例示： 1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)A. There B. This C. That D. It3.考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語